Objective:To evaluate the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution used during root canal therapy on dentin bond strength.Methods:In the study,15 freshly extracted human third molars with complete dental crowns,caries and filling-free were selected.The occlusal enamel was removed perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth to expose middle flat surfaces of sound dentin.The occlusal dentin surfaces were then polished using 600-grit silicon papers for 1 min and rinsed with deionized water for 1 min.The teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the treatment received:group A (negative control group),the samples were immersed in deionized water for 20 min;group B,the dentin surfaces were immersed in 2.50％ NaOCl solution for 20 min,with the solution being renewed every 5 min;group C,the dentin surfaces were immersed in 5.25％ NaOCl solution for 20 min,with the solution being renewed every 5 min.All the treated dentin surfaces were bonded using a self-etching adhesive system (SE bond) with a 5 mm in height resin composite (AP-X).After storage in deionized water at 37 ℃ for 24 h,the adhesive samples were sectioned longitudinally to produce 1.0 mm ± 1.0 mm stick specimens (n =45) for micro-tensile bond strength testing (MPa).Failure modes (adhesive failure,cohesive failure or mixed failure) at the dentin-resin interface were observed using a stereomicroscope.The micro-tensile bond strength data among the three groups were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA,then the Post-hoc test(LSD) was employed for pairwise comparison.The distribution of failure modes among the groups were analyzed by chi square test.Results:Significant decreased bond strength values were found for the 2.50％ NaOCl-treated group (26.04 ± 5.74) MPa and 5.25％ NaOCl-treated group (24.46 ± 3.77) MPa when compared with the strength of negative control group (48.71 ± 7.77) MPa,P =0.000.Compared with the negative control group,themicro-tensile bond strength of the 2.50％ NaOCl-treated group and 5.25％ NaOCl-treated grouphad dropped by 46.5％ and 50.2％.However,there was no significant difference of bond strength between the 2 NaOCl-treated groups (P =0.214).The distribution of failure modes showed significant difference in all the three groups (2 =56.324,P =0.000).The mixed failure (68.9％) was the most mode of fracture in the negative control group,followed by adhesive failure (24.4％),and the cohesive failure was leas t (6.7％).The proportion of adhesive failure mode was higher in NaOCl-treated groups than in negative control group (P =0.000).There was no significant difference of the distribution of failure modes between the 2.50％ NaOCl-treated group and 5.25％ NaOCl-treated group(P =0.197),and there was no cohesive failure mode detected in the two groups.Conclusion:The micro-tensile bond strength of dentin to composite resin was lower after exposure to NaOCl solution.

Objective Through statistical analysis of specimen rejection reasons, aimed at finding the ways to reduce the failed specimen, making sure of continuous improvements in laboratory quality. Methods Department of Laboratory, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University had analyzed rejections specimen from October 2013 to September 2014 in CAP Q-TRACKS QT3 ( QT3: Laboratory Specimen Acceptability ) , and compared the laboratory rejection reasons with all laboratories of CAP. Results From October 2013 to September 2014, the total number of rejection specimen number was 2 367, in which 225 were incomplete labeled specimen/inadequate filled-out form, accounting for 9.5%.898 samples were rejected because of specimen clotted, accounting for 37.9%.The samples could not meet the requirement of specimen quantity of 254, accounting for 10.7%.Other reasons accounting for above 1%included wrong collection container, specimen hemolysis, lipemia or icteric specimen.After comparing the first five rejection reasons, Department of Laboratory, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital was found to be different with others laboratories of CAP.Conclusion The quality of the specimen is very important for the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and doing some positive statistical analysis and taking corrective measures can effectively reduce the unqualified specimen of the proportion.

BACKGROUND: In our previous studies, zinc-calcium-phosphate (Zn-Ca-P) coating has been successful y prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy, which improves the corrosion resistance of the al oy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hemocompatibility of Zn-Ca-P coated AZ31 magnesium al oy in vitro. METHODS: Zn-Ca-P coating was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy using chemical transformation. Afterwards, the characteristics of the Zn-Ca-P coating were investigated using scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analyzed its components. Besides, hemocompatibility in vitro was evaluated by platelet adhesion assay, dynamic clotting time test and hemolysis test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under scanning electron microscope, a flower-like coating was formed ont surface of the AZ31 magnesium al oy, with the main chemical component of insoluble phosphates Zn3(PO4)2?4H2O. And some round distortionless blood platelets adhered to the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy, with no pseudopodia. In dynamic clotting time test, the long curve of Zn-Ca-P coating tended to descend indicating better anticoagulant activity. And the hemolysis rate was below 5%. In conclusion, Zn-Ca-P coating has good hemocompatibility in vitro.

Objective To study the effects of different factors on the salvianolic acid B stability in water solution and to provide the experimental data for production and application of salvianolic acid B. Methods Effects of salvianolic acid B concentration, pH value, temperature, and holding period on salvianolic acid B stability in water solution were studied by the salvianolic acid B changes determined by HPLC in orthogonal design test. Results The most stable condition of salvianolic acid B is that the concentration is 1 mg/mL, pH value is 2, the temperature is 20℃ , and the holding period is one day. Conclusion Salvianolic acid B should be kept in the conditions of higher concentration, lower pH value, lower temperature, and shorter period in solution to ensure its stability.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transitional care on the quality of life in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods 101 MHD patients with symptoms of kidney ＜ 80 points were assigned into the interventional group (47 of 51 cases completed the study) and the control group (45 of 50 cases completed the study) by random number table method.The patients in the interventional group received transitional care for 6 months,while control group received routine care.The effects on function index,satisfaction index and clinical index were evaluated at the 3rd month and 6th month after intervention.Results 6 months after intervention,the scores of physical composite,mental composite,burden of kidney disease,symptoms/problems list,effects of kidney disease in the interventional group were 51.78±5.91,55.32±5.36,29.79±17.64,79.39±6.73,68.02±11.38,while the scores of the control group were 38.22±9.46,42.03±8.32,19.58±17.25,69.49±10.10,52.09±16.78,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.308-9.063,Z=-3.07,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of self-management behavior,health locus of control in the interventional group were 71.30-±5.42,25.74±2.42,while the scores of the control group were 65.0±8.74,22.47±3.97 (t=4.132,4.759,P ＜ 0.01).The nursing satisfaction in the interventional group scored 91.06±7.29,which was significantly higher than the control group scored 86.22±10.72 (Z=-2.45,P＜ 0.05).The level of serum phosphorus (PO4),Ca × PO4 products,parathormone (PTH) in the interventional group were (1.76±0.35) mmol/L,(51.02±10.04) mg2/dl2,464.56 ng/L,which were significanlty lower than (2.01±0.54) mmol/L,(57.41±17.38) mg2/dl2,625.78 ng/L in the control group (t=-2.691,-2.167,-2.000 in tum,P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).Conclusions Transitional care achieves good effectiveness on the quality of life in patients with MHD.

ObjetiveTo investigate the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-eight pregnant women with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy,including 9 controlled hypothyroidism,29 uncontrolled hypothyroidism and 130 subclinical hypothyroidism,were enrolled in this study.The general clinical information,obstetrical complications and neonatal outcomes of these pregnant women were compared with that of 180 healthy pregnant women who delivered during the same period.ResultsCompared with control group,there were no significant differences in the levels of serum free triiodothyronine( FT3 ),free thyroxine ( FT4 ),thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the controlled hypothyroidism group in the third trimester [(3.68 ±1.11 ) pmol/L vs (3.19 ±0.33) pmol/L,(15.48 ±4.14) pmoL/L vs (13.95 ± 1.68) pmol/L,1.87 mU/L vs 1.76 mU/L,P ＞0.05].However,in the second and third trimester,the levels of FT3,FT4 in the uncontrolled hypothyroidism group were lower,while the levels of TSH were higher than in control group [(2.71 ±0.80) pmol/L vs (3.14 ± 0.34) pmoL/L,(10.94 ± 2.68) pmol/L vs (14.25 ±2.01) pmol/L,5.62 mU/L vs 2.28 mU/L,( 2.34 ± 0.70 ) pmol/L vs ( 3.19 ± 0.33 ) pmol/L,( 10.16 ± 1.65 ) pmol/L vs (13.95 ± 1.68) pmoL/L,7.13 mU/L vs 1.76 mU/L,t =2.754～9.15,P ＜0.01],the levels of TSH in the subclinical hypothyroidism were higher than in control group ( t =18.28,18.57,P ＜0.01 ).There was no adverse perinatal outcome of neonate happened in controlled hypothyroidism group.In contrast,the incidences of adverse perinatal outcomes and complications in the uncontrolled hypothyroidism group were higher than that in the control group ( 17.2％ vs 2.8％,37.9％ vs 5.6％,x2 =11.47,28.97,P ＜0.01 ).Compared with that of control group,the incidences of adverse obstetrical outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism were increased (40.0％ vs 5.6％,x2 =52.97,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe rate of adverse obstetrical outcomes and complications is increased in women with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism.But the incidence of adverse outcomes would decrease if hypothyroidism is controlled by treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection status and susceptibility of mycoplasma to 14 antibiotic agents. METHODS Mycoplasma was cultured and its susceptibility from 3577 patients with genitourinary tract infections were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The positive rate of mycoplasma was 43.9%.The positive rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu),Mycoplasma hominis (Mh ) and Uu+Mh were 33.4%,1.5% and 8.9%,respectively. The positive rate of Uu was significantly higher than that of Mh and Uu+Mh (P

Objective Through conducting the project of quality improvement for intrahospital transport of critically ill patients from ward to ICU,to establish graded management under early warning to improve transport efficiency and quality.Methods Through setting up project team,setting goals of quality improvement,measuring and analyzing transport status,the graded management under early warning was established from three aspects:condition,equipment and transport personnel.The graded management under early warning was applied to clinical nursing practice to evaluate the effects.Results There was no statistical difference before and after the implementation of graded management under early warning in gender,age and condition of critical ill patients between two groups,but the time of transport was significantly reduced after the implementation,while there was no equipment failure,and the incidence of adverse events associated with devices decreased effectively.Conclusion The establishment and application of graded management under early warning has effectively reduced the risks of transport,improved efficiency and quality of transport.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and positive thyroid autoantibodies,and evaluate the necessity for universal thyroid screening during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods The pregnant women during the second and third trimesters who visited Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital between June 2006 and February 2008 were chosen for thyroid screening by determining serum free triiodothyronine,free thyroxine,thyrotropin,thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),and thyrotropin receptor antibody.A personal and family history of thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases was investigated by questionnaire.The pregnant women were divided into high risk or low risk groups for thyroid disease based on their personal or family histories.Results A total of 2 101 pregnant women were screened,712 ( 33.89％ ) of them were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or with positive thyroid autoantibody.The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was increased in high risk group.While in low risk group( n =1 983 ),the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 2.27％ ( n =45 ),subclinical hypothyroidism 11.60％ ( n =230 ),clinical hyperthyroidism 0.20％ ( n =4 ),subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.06％ ( n =21 ),hypothyroxinemia 6.45％ ( n =128 ),and euthyroid with positive TPOAb 10.74％ ( n =213 ) in our study.Pregnant women with positive TPOAb were susceptible to thyroid dysfunction.It was shown that 79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders were diagnosed by universal thyroid screening.Conclusions 33.89％ of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or positive thyroid autoantibody by universal thyroid screening.Increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found in pregnant women with positive TPOAb.79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders might be missed if screening was made only in the high risk cases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of positive serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) on pregnancy outcomes in biochemically euthyroid women during gestation.MethodsFrom July 2006 to December 2010,in the prenatal care unit all pregnant women,who had no medical and family history of thyroid diseases,underwent thyroid function screening.Serum TPOAb was tested among those pregnant women with euthyroidism.Pregnancy outcomes,including obstetric complications,neonate birth weight,and Apgar score,were compared between 185 TPOAb positive women and 1417 TPOAb negative women.ResultsCompared with TPOAb negative women,it was more frequent for TPOAb positive women to suffer from various obstetric complications.The prevalences of umbilical cord entanglement ( 18.9％ vs 12.9％,RR =1.47,95％ CI 1.06-2.03,P＜0.05 ),threatened premature delivery or abortion (3.8％ vs 1.0％,RR =3.83,95％ CI 1.57-9.37,P＜0.05 ),intrauterine growth retardation (5.4％ vs 0.8％,RR =6.96,95％ CI 3.00-16.17,P＜0.01 ),and neonatal pneumonia ( 4.9％ vs 1.3％,RR =3.83,95％ CI 1.75-8.40,P＜0.01 ) in the group of TPOAb positive women were higher than those in the group of TPOAb negative women.Apgar score of those newborns whose mothers had positive TPOAb was 9.27 ±1.13 at one minute and 9.44 ± 1.09 at five minutes,being lower than that of the TPOAb negative group (9.49 ±0.69 and 9.68 ±0.52,both P＜0.01 ).The rate of newborns with Apgar score at 7 or less by 5 min in group with positive TPOAb was higher than that of group with negative TPOAb ( 1.6％ vs 0.1％,RR =11.49,95 ％ CI 1.93-68.31,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThese results indicate that pregnant women with normal thyroid function but positive TPOAb may be liable to increase risk of serious pregnancy outcomes,such as threatened premature delivery or abortion,intrauterine growth retardation,and a lower Apgar score in neonatal.