Objective:As a branch of image processing,image mining is a subject for great concern.With the development of image acquisition and storage,human can gain a lot of useful image information,but lack of effective analytic technique,so it is a focus of image mining that how to obtain useful image information and make full use of image information.So this paper gives an overview of the research and applications of image mining.Method:Firstly,it presents the concept and primary frame of image mining and the major techniques of lower layer image mining and higher layer image mining.Then,it discusses some applications in the biomedical,DNA analysis,data analysis of medical imaging and forensic medicine and so on.Result:Image mining is that the technique which can mine to discover new and valuable knowledge from vast collection of image.Conclusion:This article expounds the related technologies about image mining by our study of the image mining areas integrating the usual methods of the methods.Then,it identifies some applications in medicine and future research directions of image mining.

Objective:To investigate the effect of anti-CD134 mAb or CTLA4Ig on ConA induced splenic cell proliferation,Th cytokine secretion and production of anti-dsDNA antibody from splenic lymphtocyte in vitro in lupus-prone BXSB mice. Methods:Eighteen male lupus-prone BXSB mice model and 6 syngeneic normal C57BL/6 male mice were used in the experiment. The model mice were divided into three groups:un-treated group,Lupus recipe(LR) treated group and prednisone(pred. ) treated group. The mice's splenic cell suspension from above groups was culture stimulated by ConA respectively. The splenic cells from un-treated model mice were further divided into Anti-GD134L mAb,CTLA4Ig or Anti-CD134L mAb + CTLA4Ig treated subgroups. The ConA induced splenic cell proliferation was measured by MTT colorimetric assay. The levels of IFN-?, IL-6 and anti-dsDNA antibody in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. Results; (1 )The splenic cell proliferative reaction and contents of IFN-?,IL-6 and anti-dsDNA antibody in cell supernatant of either spontaneous or ConA induced culture in the un-treated model group were obviously higher than that of the normal control or other groups. (2) The splenic cell proliferative reaction and production of IFN-?,IL-6 and anti-dsDNA antibody in the CD134L/CTLA4Ig treated group,LR treated goup or pred. treated group was not different from the normal control significantly. (3)To compared with CD134L treated group or CTLA4Ig treated gruop,the CD134L/CTLA4Ig and prednisone reduced significantly the splenic cell proliferative reaction and production of IFN-?,IL-6 and anti-dsDNA antibody in cell supernatant of either spontaneous or ConA induced culture,while no difference was found between CD134L treated group and CTLA4Ig treated proup. Conclusion:The lupus-prone BXSB mice might present abnormal lymphocyte proliferation,spontaneously express cytokines and secrete high level of autoantibody during the SLE development. LR and corticosteroids could obviously inhibit the abnormal lymphocyte proliferation;reduce the Th cytokine formation and antoantibody production Blockade of CD134-CD134L or B7-CD28 costimulatory pathway by Anti-CD134L rnAb or CT-LA4Ig could inhibit the activation of T cells and B cells like LR and corticosteroids. Furthermore, by blockade of both CD134-CD134L and CD28-B7 pathways,the frequency of alloreactive T cell was markedly reduced and was maintained at low levels so as to treat SLE effectively.

Objective To study the protective effect of different doses of rosiglitazone (RSG)against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats．Methods Forty male sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups：sham-operation，control，lowdose RSG(1 mg/kg·d)，moderate-dose(2 mg/kg·d)，high-dose(4 mg/kg·d)goups(n=8 in each grow)．A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion for 22 hours were induced by the intraluminal suture method．An automatie biochemical analyzer was used to detect the blood glucose and lipid levels．A solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum insulin levels，and the insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated．The effect of rosiglitazone on infarct volume and behavioristics was observed．Results Compared with the control group，the infarct volume was significantly reduced，and the neurological function scores were improved significantly in each RSG group(P<0．05 or P<0．01)．The insulin sensitivity was significantly increased(P<0．05 or P<0．01)，and hyperglycemia was reduced significantly after cerebral ischemia(P<0．05)and showed a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions RSG has obvious neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia／repeffusion injury in rats．Its mechanism may be associated with the increase of insulin sensitivity．

Aim To explore the effects of apigenin on A?_ 25-35 induced injury in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.[WTHZ]Methods[WTBZ] The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to 10 ?mol?L-1 A?_ 25-35 for 24 h after pretreatment with the apigenin of concentrations of 5,10,20,40 ?mol?L-1 for 2 h;then the survival rate of hippocampal and SOD activity were examined;we also analysed the expression of apoptosis-related gene bcl-xl with Western blot.Result The survival rate of hippocampal neurons were decreased after pretreatment with 10 and 20 ?mol?L-1 apigenin for 2 h,the increases of Mn-SOD activity and bcl-xl protein expression were also observed.Conclusion Apigenin has the bioactivity of protecting the neuron from cytoxic induced by A?_ 25-35 in cultured hipocampal neurons as estrogen.The mechanism is likely related with activating the SOD and increasing bcl-xl protein expression,which plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from apoptosis.

AIM: To investigate the effects of lupus recipe on immune system and lymphocyte subsets proliferation in splenic cells in BXSB mice. METHODS: Eighteen male BXSB mice model was used in the experiment. The model mice were divided into three groups: un-treated model group, lupus recipe (LR) treated group, and prednisone treated group. All model mice were killed in 10 weeks. The control group consisted of 6 syngeneic normal C57BL/6 male mice. The levels of total IgG and anti-dsDNA antibody in serum were detected by ELISA. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD19+, CD23+ B lymphocytes) were detected by using flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: (1) The serum levels of total IgG and anti-dsDNA antibody in un-treated model group were higher than that in other groups. There was no differences among LR treated group, prednisone treated group and control group. (2) The percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD19+, CD23+ B lymphocytes in model group were obviously higher than that in normal control. (3) Compared to un-treated model group, the percentages of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD19+, CD23+ B lymphocytes in LR or prednisone treated group were significantly reduced, which closely reached the levels in normal group. CONCLUSIONS: The immune functions of T and B lymphocytes in BXSB mice are up-regulated. LR inhibits the activation of T and B lymphocytes, reduces the serum levels of IgG and auto-antibody production.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in determining the depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma in stage Ⅰ.Methods Seventy-six patients previously diagnosed of endometrial carcinoma by curettage of uterine underwent transabdominal sonography (TAS) and CEUS to assess myometrial invasion,among which 48 patients proved to endometrial carcinoma in stage Ⅰ after total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were studied.The findings of TAS and CEUS to determine endometrial carcinoma IA (no myometrial involvement or invasion of the inner half of the myometrium) and IB( invasion of the outer half of the myometrium) were compared with pathology after abdominal hysterectomy.Results Twenty one tumours (43.75%,21/48) were enhanced earlier than or simultaneously as myometrium and cervix,among which 12 cases were IA stages,while 9 cases were IB stages (P<0.05);and 27 tumors (56.25%,27/48)were enhanced late than myometrium and cervix.There was no statistical difference between TAS and CEUS in detecting endometrial carcinoma in IA and IB(P>0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of TAS and CEUS in diagnosing endometrial carcinoma in IB were 61.25% vs 69.23%,77.14% vs 85.71%,50.00% vs 64.28%,72.92% vs 88.23%,72.92% vs 81.25% respectively.Conclusions CEUS is not superior to TAS in detecting deep invasion of endometrial carcinoma in stage Ⅰ.

Objective To explore the the analytical method for the quality difference of Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae (RSM) injection. Methods Parallel intercomparison experiment was carried out in different batches of RSM injection samples which had different degrees of adverse drug reaction. The samples were analyzed by gel size exclusion chromatog-zraphy and C18 HPLC fingerprint. Subtractive analysis was used to reveal the information of the non-low molecular weight phenolic acids. Results There were obvious differences between the results of size exclusion chromatography. The amount of the non-low molecular weight phenolic acids from different batches of the samples was also different, which was correlated with the degrees of acute toxicity in guinea pigs. Conclusion The amount of the non-low molecular weight phenolic acids varies with different batches of Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae injection. It is suggested that non-low molecular weight phenolic acids can be used for the quality control of Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae injection. For the first time, the perspective that the corresponding relationship between the fingerprint and their toxicities of Traditional Chinese medicine injection may be one of the most important fields is put forward.

Objective To study the hemoprotective effects of a rotary magnetic field (RMF) to radiation-injured mice. Methods 132 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: a normal group (N), a magnetic treatment group (M), an irradiation group(R) and an irradiation combining magnetic treatment group (R + M). Mice in the N group received no treatment. Mice in the R and R + M groups received total body irradiation with 6.0 Gy 60Co γ/rays. Mice in the M and R + M groups were treated with a RMF for one and half an hour at a time, twice a day, totally for 30 days. The survival rate was observed for 30 days. On days 0, 5, 9, 15, 21, 30, the subjects' peripheral blood cells were counted. On day 9, 23 and 30, the number of bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs), colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S), spleen-body ratio, the cell cycle and apoptosis of bone marrow cells were measured. The pathological sectioning of the femur was performed and the expression level of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2/4) in the bone marrow was evaluated. Results ①No mice died in the N and M group. The RMF treatment increased the survival rate and survival days among the irradiated mice (P < 0.01). ②The RMF treatment increased the number of blood cells in their peripheral blood of the R + M group. ③The number of BMNCs, CFU-S and the proportation of G2 + M stage in the R + M were markedly higher than that of the R group, but the proportation of the apoptosis was lower than that of the R group on the 9th day (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the spleen index in the R + M group was also higher than that of the R group on the 23rd day (P < 0.05). ④RMF could improve the expression level of BMP2/4 in the radiation-injued mice. Conclusion The RMF treatment had an obvious protective effect against the effects of irradiation and it accelerated the recovery of hematopeiesis and the hematopoietic microenvironment in mouse bone marrow.

Objective To investigate the impacts of sirolimus (SRL)on the survival time of graft and the differentiation and proliferation of regulatory T cell (Treg ) of spleen in mouse heterotopic heart transplantation model. Methods Male BALB /c → C57BL/6 mice cervical heterotopic heart transplantation model was established by Cuff method. The mice were divided into 3 groups randomly with 10 mice in each group. The control group received no treatment of special medicine after operation. Mice in SRL group were gavaged with SRL 10 mg/(kg·d)at 1-14 d after operation. Mice in ciclosporin (CsA)group were gavaged with CsA 30 mg/(kg·d) at 1-14 d after operation. The survival time of cardiac grafts were recorded. The spleen was procured after asystole of cardiac graft or 14 d after operation. Mononuclear cells were isolated and the proportion of CD4 +CD25 +Treg in CD4 +T cell (CD4 +CD25 +Treg%)were detected by flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)was used to examine the expression of Foxp3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA ) semi-quantitatively. Results Compared with the control group,the survival time of cardiac grafts prolonged significantly in SRL and CsA group (all in P <0.01 ),but no significant difference was observed between SRL and CsA group (P>0.05 ). Compared with the control group,CD4 +CD25 +Treg% significantly decreased in the spleen of CsA group and significantly increased in SRL group (all in P<0.01 ). And significant difference was observed between SRL and CsA group (P<0.01). Expression of Foxp3 mRNA of T lymphocyte in the spleen of SRL group was significantly higher than those in control and CsA group (P<0.01). And expression of Foxp3 mRNA in control group was significantly higher than that in CsA group (P<0.01 ). Conclusions In mouse heart transplantation model,SRL can prolong the survival time of graft and promote the proliferation and growth of CD4 +CD25 +Treg to facilitate the establishment of immune tolerance.

On the basis of analyzing the defects in traditional averaging theory for extracting evoked potential (EP), and by realizing the characteristic of spontaneous electroencephalo-signal (S-EES) as well as the special environment for extracting EP, we propose an auto-reference, auto-correlation, adaptive interference cancellation (AAA-ICT) for use in the single trial of flash visual evoked potential (FVEP). Firstly, the segment of reference signal, which has the best correlation with evoked electroencephalo-signal (E-EES), was obtained using the method for calculating the sliding correlation point by point between E-EES and reference signal; then, the cancellation factor between E-EES and the most correlative reference signal segment was derived by the least square method; at last, the single trial of FVEP was acquired by interference cancellation. By this method, FVEP can be extracted perfectly and the FVEP variability of individual inter-stimulation can be obtained.
Algorithms ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted