In March 2009,a new influenza A H1N1 virus was identified in Mexico.It is a quadruple-reassortant influenza A virus, which is composed of a combination of swine, avian strains and human. The clinical symptoms of the 2009 new influenza A (H1N1) are similar with the seasonal influenza.The severe illness could happened in youth and middle-aged without underlying diseases that differs from seasonal influenza. The risk groups are individuals with underlying diseases,pregnancy and obesity which has not been considered as risk factor in previous. Although oseltamivir-resistant variant influenza A ( H1N1 ) were reported, strain is susceptible to oseltamivir. This review summarizes the current information concerning viral genom,clinical features and treatment of the new pandemic influenza virus A H1N1 infection.

BACKGROUND: Studies confirm that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce myocardial apoptosis. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after reperfusion is the inevitable pathway of apoptosis. Protection of MMP may reduce apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of naloxone on MMP of hypoxic myocardial cells and apoptosis in neonatal rats, and investigate the protective effect of naloxone on hypoxic myocardial cells.DESIGN: Observation and controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Detection of apoptosis of myocardial cells was carried out in the Laboratory of Pathophysiology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA in December 2004. Ten neonatal rats were used, and detection of MMP of myocardial cells was carried out in the same laboratory in March 2006 and 20 rats were used. All the involved rats were provided by the Animal Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA on the day of birth, were involved in this trial. Reagents: Naloxone hydrochloride injection (0.4 g/L, Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceutical Factory, Batch No. 0206272); the lowest and essential medium (Dulbecco, DEME,GIBCO company); phosphate buffer solution and fetal bovine serum (PBS and FBS, SIGMA Company).METHODS: The neonate rats were cut open along the median line of chest bone after local sterilization with iodine tincture on the day of birth. 1/3 ventricular myocardium before cardiac apex was harvested. On the 4th day of the culture,culture flasks of cells in good growth status ( ＞ 106 cells/bottle) were selected and divided into 3 groups: control group (normal culture, n =3 bottles), hypoxia group (hypoxia/reoxygenation, n =15 bottles) and naloxone group (hypoxia/reoxygenation, and treated by naloxone, n =15 bottles). Three time points were set in hypoxia group and naloxone group according to different time of hypoxia and reoxygenation: hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 0 hour; hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 2 hours; hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 4 hours, 5 bottles at each time point. In the hypoxia group, DEME medium, which was pre-filled with 0.95 volume fraction of N2 and 0.05 volume fraction of CO2, containing 0.01 volume fraction of FBS, was used and 0.95 volume fraction of N2 and 0.05 volume fraction of CO2 was also filled to replace the air in the culture flasks. The culture flasks were enveloped for incubation at 37 ℃. The cells in the hypoxia group were incubated at normal condition (0.95 volume fraction of air and 0.05 volume fraction of CO2) at set time. In the naxolone group, hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment was the same as above, and naloxone hydrochloride was added at the sametime and the final concentration of naloxone in culture flasks was 5 μmol/L (The volume for naloxone ≤ 0.5% of the total medium). In the control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation and naloxone treatment were not given, but the same volume of normal saline was added, and this time served as time point of hypoxia 0 hour/reoxygenation 0 hour. After intervention,myocardial MMP changes and apoptosis were detected with fluorescent staining-flow cytometer at different time after hypoxia/reoxygenation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MMP changes of hypoxia group and naloxone group at different time points; ② Comparison of survival, apoptosis and necrosis of cells at hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 4 hours in each group.RESULTS: ① After hypoxia, MMPs of the cells in hypoxia group and naloxone group were decreased. MMP of the cells in the naloxone group was higher than that in the hypoxia group at each time point (P ＜ 0.01). The great amplitude of decrease of MMP occurred in hypoxia period, but not in reoxygenation period. ② At hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 4 hours, the apoptotic and necrotic rates in the hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in the naloxone group [(9.88±0.98)% vs. (2.41±0.52)%; (5.10±0.29)% vs. (3.56±0.56)%, both P ＜ 0.01]. The apoptotic rate was significantly higher than the necrotic rate in the hypoxia group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Early application of naloxone can significantly alleviate and postpone the decrease of myocardial MMP after I/R, and reduce apoptosis and necrosis.

ObjectiveExplore the pathogeny of cell immunity of severe aplastic anemia(SAA),also appraise the effect and prognosis value of T cell subset change in the treatment of SAA.MethodTake normal persons as control,combine CD_3,CD_4,CD_8 with human being peripheral blood monocytes,analyse with flow cell method the cells of CD~+_3,CD~+_4,CD~+_8 in monocyte and CD~+_4/CD~+_8.Compare and analyse T cell subset in 3 groups before and after treatment.ResultCompared with control,there’s obvious meaningful difference in T lymphocytesCD~+_3 and CD~+_8,and CD~+_4/CD~+_8(P

36 gestational weeks. Venous blood was taken to measure the level of glycosylated hemoglobin. Results The mean value of glycosylated hemoglobin in normal pregnant women was 4.1%(95%CI=2.5～5.7%). No difference was shown among different gestational weeks. Conclusions The normal value of glycosylaed hemoglobin in pregnancy is 2.5%~5.7%.

The understanding and treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) on chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(CITP) is prosperous,while no conclusion is yielded.By digging out documentation and summarizing clinical experience,"Qi and Yin Discrimination","Viscera Discrimination"and "Meridians Discrimination"are concluded to formulate the idea that the treatment of CIPT should bebased on Qi and Yin in this article,which aims at identifying the understanding of TCM on CITP,and then guiding clinical practice to improve therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVETo establish a perceived fatigue evaluating model during simulated load carriage that is based on objective variables through analyzing the characteristics and trends of shoulder force, shoulder pressure, waist pressure, back pressure, and perceived fatigue, and to provide an analytical technique for research on load carriage.

METHODSA 50-min simulated walking (at a speed of 5 km/h and a slope of 0%) experiment including 14 healthy male adults was conducted under four levels of backpack payloads (25, 29, 34, 37 kg). Shoulder force and trunk pressure were sampled simultaneously and analyzed with time- and frequency- domain methods. Multivariable linear regression was used to build a perceived fatigue evaluating model during load carriage.

RESULTSThe perceived fatigue evaluating model based on shoulder force, trunk pressure distribution ratio, load, and body mass index (BMI) was established. Its adjusted determination coefficient (aR2) was 0.709 and the absolute percentage error (APE) at the end of the experiment was less than 20%. The goodness of fit of the model based on frequency-domain independent variables was much higher compared with the model based on time-domain independent variables. The addition of BMI that represents the individual differences to the model obviously improved the goodness of fit.

CONCLUSIONThe perceived fatigue evaluating model established in this study does not rely on the physiological changes of individuals, and thus can be used to establish an evaluation system for human load carriage with dummy as a substitution for human in experiments and to provide a scientific basis for efficient human load carriage.

Common mental health problems from the perspective of prevention among medical stu-dents were discussed in this activity which was learning from the concept and method of PBL. Participants had to find the solutions themselves by small-group discussion so as to improve their mental health. Results showed that most participants confirmed the innovation, interest and intellectuality of this activity. Moreover, students could not only learn knowledge related to mental health, but also improve their friendship as well as communication skills which were beneficial to medical students' mental health.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective arterial embolization in the treatement of obstetrical and gynecological bleeding.Methods:16 cases with obstetrical and gynecological hemorrhage,including postpartum,trophoblastic disease,uterine fibroids,ectopic pregnant and artifical abortinal bleeding were treated by selective arterial embolization.Results:The embolization successfully controlled the bleeding in all patients.No serious complication happened.Conclusion:Selective arterial embolization is safe and effective,it′s complicationis is lower and patient′s fertility can also be preserved.

The present study examined the functional profile of dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the effects of simvastatin on the function of DCs. A total of 40 patients who was recently diagnosed as having RA were equally assigned to two groups: the routine treatment group (group R) and the routine treatment plus simvastatin group (group R+S). Twenty healthy individuals served as control. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated before and 4 weeks after the treatment and then cultured with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) to prepare mature DCs. The expression of co-stimulating factor CD86 on the surface of DCs was assessed by flow cytometry. And the stimulating capacity of DCs was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The contents of cytokines in culture supernatants of DCs in MLR were detected by ELISA. Blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected. The relationship between the expression of CD86 and the blood CRP level was also investigated. The results showed that, as compared with the control group, the CD86 expression and the level of cytokines secreted by DCs were significantly increased in RA patients and greater stimulating capacity of DCs in MLR was demonstrated in RA patients. T lymphocytes in MLR secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-17, TNF-α and INF-γ) and lower level of anti-inflammation cytokine (IL-10). The function of DCs was markedly weakened and the level of hs-CRP and low-density lipoprotein was substantially lowered in group R+S in comparison to group R. The CD86 expression was positively correlated with hs-CRP. It was concluded that DCs in RA are highly activated and DC-initiated immune reaction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Simvastatin administration can significantly inhibit the DCs function and reduce the level of hs-CRP, indicating the suppression on inflammatory reaction may be one of the mechanisms by which simvastatin exerts its effect in treating RA.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanisms of IL-32γ-shRNA-mediated gene silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA eukaryotic expression plasmid of shRNA targeting IL-32γ was transfected into fibroblastlike synoviocytes by liposome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.RT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of IL-32γ.Western blotting was used to detect the levels of cyclin D1 and p-Akt.The proliferation of RA-FLS was examined by MTT.Cell cycles were analyzed by flow-cytometry.The apoptosis of cells were measured by TUNNEL.Comparisons between groups were tested by t test.Results ① The expression of IL-32γwas significantly inhibited by shRNA-IL-32γ-expressing plamid PGCsi 3.0 targeting sequence 1,2 and 3,and the inhibition rate had reached 75.6％,66.2％ and 64.1％,respectively.② The absorbance value of proliferation of RA-FLS in EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly lower than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group at day 3 [(0.23±0.03) vs (0.35±0.03) and (0.36±0.04),P＜0.05] and 5 [(0.27±0.03) vs (0.52±0.05) and (0.53±0.04),P＜0.01 ] after transfection.③ The rate of RA-FLS at phase G1 in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly higher than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group respectively [(88±6)％ vs (69±5)％ and (68±4)％,P＜0.05],while those at phase S+G2 in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γgroup was significantly lower than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group [ ( 13.6±3.0)％ vs (30.2±4.1)％ and(32.1±4.3)％,P＜0.01].④The rate of RA-FLS apoptosis in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly higher than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group[(20.50±3.21 )％ vs (9.20±0.32)％ and (8.60±0.22)％,P＜0.01].⑤ The expression of cyclin D1(0.36±0.04) and p-Akt(0.31±0.03) in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly lower than that in the shRNA-control group [ (0.59±0.08) and (0.53±0.06)] and normal group [(0.61±0.07) and (0.52±0.06),P＜0.01].ConclusionEASYshRNA-IL-32γ can inhibit RA-FLS proliferation by down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and induce RA-FLS apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of p-Akt.