In March 2009,a new influenza A H1N1 virus was identified in Mexico.It is a quadruple-reassortant influenza A virus, which is composed of a combination of swine, avian strains and human. The clinical symptoms of the 2009 new influenza A (H1N1) are similar with the seasonal influenza.The severe illness could happened in youth and middle-aged without underlying diseases that differs from seasonal influenza. The risk groups are individuals with underlying diseases,pregnancy and obesity which has not been considered as risk factor in previous. Although oseltamivir-resistant variant influenza A ( H1N1 ) were reported, strain is susceptible to oseltamivir. This review summarizes the current information concerning viral genom,clinical features and treatment of the new pandemic influenza virus A H1N1 infection.

BACKGROUND: Studies confirm that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce myocardial apoptosis. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after reperfusion is the inevitable pathway of apoptosis. Protection of MMP may reduce apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of naloxone on MMP of hypoxic myocardial cells and apoptosis in neonatal rats, and investigate the protective effect of naloxone on hypoxic myocardial cells.DESIGN: Observation and controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Detection of apoptosis of myocardial cells was carried out in the Laboratory of Pathophysiology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA in December 2004. Ten neonatal rats were used, and detection of MMP of myocardial cells was carried out in the same laboratory in March 2006 and 20 rats were used. All the involved rats were provided by the Animal Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA on the day of birth, were involved in this trial. Reagents: Naloxone hydrochloride injection (0.4 g/L, Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceutical Factory, Batch No. 0206272); the lowest and essential medium (Dulbecco, DEME,GIBCO company); phosphate buffer solution and fetal bovine serum (PBS and FBS, SIGMA Company).METHODS: The neonate rats were cut open along the median line of chest bone after local sterilization with iodine tincture on the day of birth. 1/3 ventricular myocardium before cardiac apex was harvested. On the 4th day of the culture,culture flasks of cells in good growth status ( ＞ 106 cells/bottle) were selected and divided into 3 groups: control group (normal culture, n =3 bottles), hypoxia group (hypoxia/reoxygenation, n =15 bottles) and naloxone group (hypoxia/reoxygenation, and treated by naloxone, n =15 bottles). Three time points were set in hypoxia group and naloxone group according to different time of hypoxia and reoxygenation: hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 0 hour; hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 2 hours; hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 4 hours, 5 bottles at each time point. In the hypoxia group, DEME medium, which was pre-filled with 0.95 volume fraction of N2 and 0.05 volume fraction of CO2, containing 0.01 volume fraction of FBS, was used and 0.95 volume fraction of N2 and 0.05 volume fraction of CO2 was also filled to replace the air in the culture flasks. The culture flasks were enveloped for incubation at 37 ℃. The cells in the hypoxia group were incubated at normal condition (0.95 volume fraction of air and 0.05 volume fraction of CO2) at set time. In the naxolone group, hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment was the same as above, and naloxone hydrochloride was added at the sametime and the final concentration of naloxone in culture flasks was 5 μmol/L (The volume for naloxone ≤ 0.5% of the total medium). In the control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation and naloxone treatment were not given, but the same volume of normal saline was added, and this time served as time point of hypoxia 0 hour/reoxygenation 0 hour. After intervention,myocardial MMP changes and apoptosis were detected with fluorescent staining-flow cytometer at different time after hypoxia/reoxygenation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MMP changes of hypoxia group and naloxone group at different time points; ② Comparison of survival, apoptosis and necrosis of cells at hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 4 hours in each group.RESULTS: ① After hypoxia, MMPs of the cells in hypoxia group and naloxone group were decreased. MMP of the cells in the naloxone group was higher than that in the hypoxia group at each time point (P ＜ 0.01). The great amplitude of decrease of MMP occurred in hypoxia period, but not in reoxygenation period. ② At hypoxia 2 hours/reoxygenation 4 hours, the apoptotic and necrotic rates in the hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in the naloxone group [(9.88±0.98)% vs. (2.41±0.52)%; (5.10±0.29)% vs. (3.56±0.56)%, both P ＜ 0.01]. The apoptotic rate was significantly higher than the necrotic rate in the hypoxia group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Early application of naloxone can significantly alleviate and postpone the decrease of myocardial MMP after I/R, and reduce apoptosis and necrosis.

ObjectiveExplore the pathogeny of cell immunity of severe aplastic anemia(SAA),also appraise the effect and prognosis value of T cell subset change in the treatment of SAA.MethodTake normal persons as control,combine CD_3,CD_4,CD_8 with human being peripheral blood monocytes,analyse with flow cell method the cells of CD~+_3,CD~+_4,CD~+_8 in monocyte and CD~+_4/CD~+_8.Compare and analyse T cell subset in 3 groups before and after treatment.ResultCompared with control,there’s obvious meaningful difference in T lymphocytesCD~+_3 and CD~+_8,and CD~+_4/CD~+_8(P

The understanding and treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) on chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(CITP) is prosperous,while no conclusion is yielded.By digging out documentation and summarizing clinical experience,"Qi and Yin Discrimination","Viscera Discrimination"and "Meridians Discrimination"are concluded to formulate the idea that the treatment of CIPT should bebased on Qi and Yin in this article,which aims at identifying the understanding of TCM on CITP,and then guiding clinical practice to improve therapeutic effect.

36 gestational weeks. Venous blood was taken to measure the level of glycosylated hemoglobin. Results The mean value of glycosylated hemoglobin in normal pregnant women was 4.1%(95%CI=2.5～5.7%). No difference was shown among different gestational weeks. Conclusions The normal value of glycosylaed hemoglobin in pregnancy is 2.5%~5.7%.

Elaboration on the importance of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in promoting the teachers' professional development was conducted based on the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and from the aspects of the external environment,promotion of teachers' independent development as well as changes in teaching philosophy and the teachers' development value.Corresponding measures were proposed according to the reality of higher education of Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVETo establish a perceived fatigue evaluating model during simulated load carriage that is based on objective variables through analyzing the characteristics and trends of shoulder force, shoulder pressure, waist pressure, back pressure, and perceived fatigue, and to provide an analytical technique for research on load carriage.

METHODSA 50-min simulated walking (at a speed of 5 km/h and a slope of 0%) experiment including 14 healthy male adults was conducted under four levels of backpack payloads (25, 29, 34, 37 kg). Shoulder force and trunk pressure were sampled simultaneously and analyzed with time- and frequency- domain methods. Multivariable linear regression was used to build a perceived fatigue evaluating model during load carriage.

RESULTSThe perceived fatigue evaluating model based on shoulder force, trunk pressure distribution ratio, load, and body mass index (BMI) was established. Its adjusted determination coefficient (aR2) was 0.709 and the absolute percentage error (APE) at the end of the experiment was less than 20%. The goodness of fit of the model based on frequency-domain independent variables was much higher compared with the model based on time-domain independent variables. The addition of BMI that represents the individual differences to the model obviously improved the goodness of fit.

CONCLUSIONThe perceived fatigue evaluating model established in this study does not rely on the physiological changes of individuals, and thus can be used to establish an evaluation system for human load carriage with dummy as a substitution for human in experiments and to provide a scientific basis for efficient human load carriage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanisms of IL-32γ-shRNA-mediated gene silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA eukaryotic expression plasmid of shRNA targeting IL-32γ was transfected into fibroblastlike synoviocytes by liposome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.RT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of IL-32γ.Western blotting was used to detect the levels of cyclin D1 and p-Akt.The proliferation of RA-FLS was examined by MTT.Cell cycles were analyzed by flow-cytometry.The apoptosis of cells were measured by TUNNEL.Comparisons between groups were tested by t test.Results ① The expression of IL-32γwas significantly inhibited by shRNA-IL-32γ-expressing plamid PGCsi 3.0 targeting sequence 1,2 and 3,and the inhibition rate had reached 75.6％,66.2％ and 64.1％,respectively.② The absorbance value of proliferation of RA-FLS in EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly lower than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group at day 3 [(0.23±0.03) vs (0.35±0.03) and (0.36±0.04),P＜0.05] and 5 [(0.27±0.03) vs (0.52±0.05) and (0.53±0.04),P＜0.01 ] after transfection.③ The rate of RA-FLS at phase G1 in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly higher than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group respectively [(88±6)％ vs (69±5)％ and (68±4)％,P＜0.05],while those at phase S+G2 in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γgroup was significantly lower than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group [ ( 13.6±3.0)％ vs (30.2±4.1)％ and(32.1±4.3)％,P＜0.01].④The rate of RA-FLS apoptosis in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly higher than that in the shRNA-control group and normal group[(20.50±3.21 )％ vs (9.20±0.32)％ and (8.60±0.22)％,P＜0.01].⑤ The expression of cyclin D1(0.36±0.04) and p-Akt(0.31±0.03) in the EASY-shRNA-IL-32γ group was significantly lower than that in the shRNA-control group [ (0.59±0.08) and (0.53±0.06)] and normal group [(0.61±0.07) and (0.52±0.06),P＜0.01].ConclusionEASYshRNA-IL-32γ can inhibit RA-FLS proliferation by down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and induce RA-FLS apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of p-Akt.

Common mental health problems from the perspective of prevention among medical stu-dents were discussed in this activity which was learning from the concept and method of PBL. Participants had to find the solutions themselves by small-group discussion so as to improve their mental health. Results showed that most participants confirmed the innovation, interest and intellectuality of this activity. Moreover, students could not only learn knowledge related to mental health, but also improve their friendship as well as communication skills which were beneficial to medical students' mental health.

Objective:To explore the relationship between TK gene expression regulated by enhanced suicide gene vector and telomerase activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Method:The reformed reconstructed enhanced vector, pGL3-basic-EGFP-TK-hTRETp-CMV enhancer, and hTERT mono-promoter vector, pGL3-basic-EGFP-TK-hTRETp(as controls), were transfected into telomerase(+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cell lines,telomerase(+) human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and telomerase(-) normal vascular endothelium cell lines respectively. TK gene green fluorescent protein was observed by fluorescence microscope. The expression of TK gene mRNA was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantified PCR and the telomerase activity was determined by the method of TRAP argentation in maligment tumour cells pre- and post-transfected by enhanced vector . Meanwhile the relationship beteewn TK and telomerase was analyzed.Result:①A strong TK gene fluorescent show and TK mRNA expression were displayed after the enhanced suicide gene vector was transfected into nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cell lines and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line, which were more stronger than those of mono-promoter group,pGL3-basic-EGFP-TK-hTRETp,and ECV cells transfected by enhanced suicide gene vector. Meanwhile,real-time fluorescent quantified PCR showed that the A value of enhanced vector group was higher than that of controls. ②Telomerase activity after transfection of enhanced vector and GCV was lower than those before by the method of TRAP argentation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines,but no change in normal control cells after transfection of enhanced vector and GCV.③ After adding GCV, the obvious inhibitory effect of tumour cells growth induced by pGL3-basic-EGFP-TK-hTRETp-CMV enhancer were observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cell lines and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line, which was higher than those of mono-promoter, pGL3-basic-EGFP-TK-hTRETp,pGL3-basic-EGFP3 and blank controls, but without inhibitory effect in ECV cells transfected by enhanced vector. Conclusion:TK gene expression is regulated by hTERT promoter and CMV enhancer, and then the telomerase activity is reduced and the cancer cells are specifically killed.But it is unclear how the telomerase are down-regulated by TK gene.