Objective To explore the influence of etiquette training on self efficacy and self confidence in nursing freshmen.Methods 183 nursing freshmen were given 36 class hours of etiquette training from Nursing College of Taishan Medical University.They took general self-efficacy scale (GSES),academic self-efficacy scale (ASES) and self-esteem scale(SES) tests respectively before and after the training.Results Compared with before training((2.32±0.22),(58.34±5.68),respectively),the scores of general self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy ((2.48±0.24),(66.32±6.35),respectively) were significantly increased (P＜ 0.01).The scores of self confidence increased significantly after etiquette training ((27.45 ± 2.32),(26.15 ± 2.26),(P ＜ 0.01)).Conclusion The etiquette training can improve the self-efficacy and self confidence of nursing college freshmen.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in assisted reproductive technique .Methods The clinical data of 179 cases with moderate and severe OHSS receiving in vitro fertili‐zation‐embryo transfer (including ICSI) in the hospital from June 2012 to April 2013 were analyzed retrospectively .According to the clinical characteristic ,the OHSS was classified as as the moderate type and severe type ,and the late type and early type . Results It was no statistics difference between moderate type and severe type in the patients age ,number of retrieved oocytes ,ad‐mission transaminase ,proportion of fibrinogen normal numbers(P> 0 .05) .But it was a statistics difference between moderate type and severe type in the occurring time days of hospitalization ,hematocrit on admission ,albumin value ,transaminase maximum ,albu‐min dosage used ,proportion of paracentesis number ,pregnancy rate(P < 0 .05) .It was no statistics difference between early type and late type in the patients age ,admission transaminase ,proportion of fibrinogen normal numbers(P> 0 .05) .But it was a statistics difference between early type and late type in the number of retrieved oocytes ,the proportion of moderate OHSS patients ,days of hospitalization ,hematocrit on admission ,albumin value ,transaminase maximum ,albumin dosage used ,proportion of paracentesis number ,pregnancy rate(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Synthesizing OHSS patients′ blood indexes ,we can evaluated patients′ pathogenet‐ic condition ,the treatment of disease ,and took appropriate preventive measures as soon as possible .Patients with late type may be have more severe pathogenetic condition than patients with early type .

Objective To explore the effect of let-7c-1 on the learning and memory of PTZ-induced epileptic rats and its relevant mechanism.Methods A model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was induced via PTZ kindling in SD male rats.The epileptic rats were divided into epilepsy group,agomir-control group,let-7c-1 agomir group (12 rats for each).Twelve rats were served as a negative control group.The behavior and the expression levesl of let-7c-1,Bcl-2 protein and Caspase3 were evaluated at 28 days following PTZ.Results Compared to the negative group,the escape latency of epilepsy group was prolonged and the crossing times as well as the quadrant total distance in the target were reduced (P＜0.05).However,those parameters were not significantly different between the epilepsy group and the agmoir-control group (P＞0.05).Compared to the agmoir-control group,the escape latency of let-7c-1 agomir group was prolonged and the crossing times as well as the quadrant total distance in the target were reduced (P＜ 0.05).The expression levels of let-7c-1 and let-7c-1 were 1.35±0.32 in agmoir-control group and 62.53±21.01 in agomir group (F=50.97,P＜0.05).The expression levels of let-7c-1 were higher in let-7c-1 agomir group than in other groups (P＜0.05).Compared to the negative group,the expressions of Bcl-2 protein in other groups were decreased (P＜0.05) and the Caspase3 protein were increased (P＜0.05).Compared to the agomir-control group,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased and the expression of Caspase3 protein was significantly increased in let-7c-1 agomir group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The present study shows that let-7c-1 may impair the learning and memory of PTZ-induced epileptic rats through decreasing the Bcl-2 protein and increasing Caspase3 protein in the hippocampus.

Objective To evaluate the dyssynchrony of left ventricle in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain (2DS) and tissue velocity imaging (TVI).Methods Study population consisted of 37 dilated cardiomyopathy patients. High frame rate two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular short-axis views at the levels of mitral annulus,papillary muscles and apex, and the apical four-chamber view, two-chamber view and long-axis of the left ventricle. The time to peak myocardial longitudinal systolic velocity was measured by TVI, 2DS was acquired to measure the time to peak radial strain in the short axis and the time to peak longitudinal strain inthe long axis,left ventricular synchronization index (△T) was defined as the difference of the time to peak value between anterior septum and posterior wall. Results △T measured by 2DS on the long axis and the short axis increased significantly compared with TVI(P<0.01) in the basal segment; 2DS on the short axis had a more significantly increased △T than TVI(P<0.01) in the middle segment. △T measured by 2DS on the short axis significantly increased in the basal and middle segment compared with 2DS on the long axis(P<0.05). Dyssynchrony eases and the detection rate of dyssynchrony measured by 2DS on the long axis were significantly higher than 2DS on the short axis and TVI(P<0.01). Dyssynchrony cases and the detection rate measured by 2DS on the short axis were higher than those measured by TVI, but the difference had no statistical significance. Conclusions The dyssynchrony detection rate measured by longitudinal strain of 2DS is significantly higher than TVI and radial strain.

Objective To assess the myocardial strain in patients with coronary artery disease by two dimensional strain echocardiography.Methods Forty-three patients with coronary artery disease and thirty five healthy subjects were included.High frame rate two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular short-axis views at the levels of mitral annulus,papillary muscle and apex,and the apical four chamber view,two-chamber view and long-axis view of the left ventricle respectively.The longitudinal strain was measured in the apical views,radial strain and circumferential strain were measured in the left ventricular short-axis views using two-dimensional strain software.Results There were 96 segments whose flow was provided by coronary artery with stenosis＜75%,147 segments whose flow was provided by coronary artery with stenosis≥75%.The peak systolic longitudinal strain of different segments in patients with stenosis≥75% significantly reduced when compared with the control group(P＜0.05).The peak systolic radial strain and circumferential strain of different segments in patients with stenosis≥75% had no statistical difference compared with the control group(P＞0.05).When taking peak systolic longitudinal strain≥-16.1% as cut-off value for coronary artery stenosis of≥75%,the sensitivity and specificity were 78.7% and 76.4% respectively.There was no significant difference in systolic longitudinal strain,radial strain and circumferential strain between normal myocardium and stenosis＜75%(P＞0.05).Conclusions Although there are no evident regional wall motion abnormalities by two dimensional echocardiography,in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis,the longitudinal strain which can reflect the subendocardial myocardial function significantly reduced.

Objective To evaluate the application of echocardiography in the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve and its pathophysiologic development and to demonstrate the degree of aortic valve dysfunction. Methods The echocardiographic characteristics and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 135 patients with bicuspid aortic valve to demonstrate the variation of aortic valve dysfunction in the progression of the course of the disease. Results Isolated aortic regurgitation was present in 68 (50%) patients, 19 (14%)patients had isolated aortic stenosis and 29 (22%)patients had combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation, 19 (14%) patients had neither stenosis nor regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation were all more commen within each age group, aortic regurgitation were also more commen within each age group in patients in their advanced course who went to surgical treatment. Conclusions Echocardiography is an effective method in the early diagnosis of aortic valve dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the features of carotid atherosclerotic plaques on ultrasonographic elastography. Methods A total of 45 atherosclerotie plaques of the carotid artery in 33 patients were found with routine ultrasonography, all the 45 atherosclerotic plaques were divided into soft plaque, fibrous plaque, mixed plaque and calcified plaque. The elastograms of the plaques were oberseved and the strain contrast(stiffness ratio) of blood tissue in common carotid artery to plaques were calculated. Results Seventeen soft plaques, 15 mixed plaques and 13 calcified plaques were founded using routine ultrasonography, but 0 fibrous plaques were founded. The soft plaques were shown in green, the mixed plaques were showen as mosaic of green and blue and the calcified plaques were showen in blue by ultrasonographic elastography. The strain contrast in patients with calcified plaques and mixed plaques were significantly higher when compared with the soft plaques group(P 0. 001, P <0.05). The strain contrast in patients with calcified plaques was significantly higher than the mixed plaques group (P < 0.001). Conclusions Ultrasonographie elastography could be used in carotid arteries atherosclerotic plaques. Various of acoustic characteristics plaques has different elastography and strain contrast.

The adsorption and activation of dimethyl carbonate on the surface of solid base were investigated by in situ FTIR, and the solid bases included magnesia, magnesium fluoride, Mg-Al mixed oxide and fluorine-modified Mg-Al mixed oxide. The FTIR results showed that dimethyl carbonate adsorbed on the surface of solid based by two modes of bidentate and unidentate complex. The bidentate was more active than the unidentate. Methoxyl group was formed from the adsorbed dimethyl carbonate on the surface of magnesia and Mg-Al mixed oxide. And fluomethyl group was formed from the adsorbed dimethyl carbonate on the surface of sodium fluoride. However, dimethyl carbonate on the surface of fluorine-modified Mg-Al mixed oxide showed preference for generating fluomethyl group. With the increasing of the treating temperature of samples, the methoxyl group was gradually formed on the surface. Accordingly, the fluorine-modified Mg-Al mixed oxide was found to be an excellent catalyst for methylation.

Objective To evaluate the dyssynchrony of left ventricle in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) by two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2-DS). Methods The myocardium of left ventricle of 33 patients with CAD and 30 nomal controls were detected by 2-DS. The time from onset QRS complexes to peak systolic longitudinal strain(Ts) and the standard deviation of Ts of 18 left ventricular segments (Ts-SD)were measured. Results There were 168 segments whose flow was provided by coronary artery with stenosis≤75% ,210 segments whose flow was provided by coronary artery with stenosis 75 %. ①Ts was delayed significantly and Ts-SD was obviously higher in patients with stenosis≥75% when compared with the control group. ②Ts was delayed and Ts-SD was higher in patients with stenosis≥75% compared with those whose stenosis was ≤75%. ③There were no statistical differences in Ts and Ts-SD between the patients with stenosis ≤75% and the control group. ④When left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony was defined as Ts-SD≥33.0 ms, there were 22 patients with systolic dyssynchrony of all 26 patients whose coronary artery stenosis≥75%, there were no patient with systolic dyssynchrony of all 7 patients whose stenosis ≤75%. Conclusions Although there are no evident regional wall motion abnormalities by routine echocardiography,in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis,2-DS can detect exactly the dyssynchrony of left ventricle.

Objective To access the left ventricular sysytolic function in children at acute stage of Kawasaki disease using speckle-tracing imaging. Methods Two-dimensional echocardiograghic images of 27 patients and 19 normals were collected in apical long-axis view, two-champer view, four-champer view, short-axis views at the levels of mitral annulus, papillary muscle and apex. The systolic peak values of longitudinal strain, radial strain and circumferential strain were measured by speckle-tracking imaging. Results Compared with controls the values of longitudinal strain and radial strain are lower in most segments in patients(P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in circumferential strain(P>0.05). Longitudinal strain and radial strain measured were lower in 8 patients with coronary ectasia(including 7 cass with coronary artery aneurysms in vessels) than other 19 patients,but the two groups have no significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusions Long-axis and short-axis function of the heart decreased regardless of coronary artery ectasia.