Objective To understand the ultrastructure of detrusor musculature in areflexia neurogenic bladders. Methods The detrusor secured from the anterior wall of bladders was studied and compared by means of transmission electron microscope in 11 patients with areflexia neurogenic bladder during cystomyoplasty with musculus rectus abdominis and in 7 accidentally deceased young men in autopsy. Results Ultrastructural changes of de differentiation of detrusor cells were observed in areflexia neurogenic bladders,such as inconsistent contours,malalignment and disarray.Wide separation between muscle cells with reduction of intermediate cell junction and with abundant collagen fibrils and irregular dense structures between individual cells were noted.There were also such changes as reduction of pinocytotic vesicle and mitochondria,disarray of myofilaments and malalignment of dense body,etc.,in detrusor cells.By contrast normal detrusor cells were well arranged and well distributed with consistent contours and size.The distance between muscle cells was much smaller than the abnormal specimens with proper intermediate junction.Caveolae and dense area were evenly distributed among the sarcoplasm.Organelles,myofilament and dense body were well organized in the smooth muscle cells. Conclusions The ultrastructural changes of detrusor in areflexia neurogenic bladders may be associated with relative increment of bladder outlet obstruction,which is probably due to detrusor debility from diseased nerve and sequential disequilibrium between normal detrusor and sphincter muscle of the urethra.Prophylactic management of lower intra bladder pressure may be beneficial to the prevention of ultrastructural deterioration in detrusor cells.

Objective To explore the effect of edaravone on serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α and prognosis in patients with severe head injury(SHI).Methods 68 patients with SHI were randomly divided into two groups,which were both given conventional treatment,while the treatment group was also given extra injection of edaravone for 14d.8-iso-PGF2α,GCS score and GOS were observed and compared between the two groups respectively.Results The decrease of serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α in treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group,the GCS score and good outcomes after 3 months was significantly higher than that of the control group after the treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion Edaravone could reduce the serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α in SHI patients and improve the prognosis.which was woah clinical application.

Through investigating the hospital admission and hospital discharge of vagrant mental patients in Xi-aoshan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 , the present study found that there existed some ethical di-lemmas including the risk ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not, lack of the guarantee of patients' rights and interests and supervision mechanism without guardian, long-term retention in the wards, and so on. It is sug-gested to establish right protection and supervision committee for vagrant mental patients, reduce the misdiagnosis ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not through the error correction mechanism, ensure proper treatment and care, create retention way, protect the basic rights of the vagrant mental patients, reduce mental disability, avoid to stray again, so as to perfect the social management system.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effects of moxibustion and moxa smoke on blood lipids,hepatic pathological changes and intrahepatocytic molecules related to cholesterol metabolism and analyze the regulating effects of moxibustion and moxa smoke on cholesterol metabolism and explore the mechanisms of actions of moxibustion and moxa smoke. MethodFifty-one 8-week-old ApoE-/-mice were randomized into model, moxa smoke and moxibustion groups, 17 mice each. Twenty C57BL/6 mice comprised a blank control group. The normal and model groups of mice were routinely grabbed and fastened. The moxa smoke group of mice was exposed to 10-15 mg/m3moxa smoke circumstances. The moxibustion group of mice was given moxibustion on point Guanyuan(CV4). All interventions were made 20 min daily, 6 times a week, for 12 consecutive weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Hepatic pathologic morphology was observed by HE staining. Hepatic CD36 and ABCA1 expressions were determined by immunohistochemical method.ResultIn the model group of mice, serum TG and LDL-C contents were significantly higher than in the normal group (P=0.003;P=0.001);HDL-C content was significantly lower than in the normal group (P=0.007); TC content had no significant difference compared with the normal group (P>0.05). In the moxibustion group of mice, serum TG and LDL-C contents were significantly lower than in the model group (P=0.03;P=0.001) and HDL-C content had no significant difference compared with the model group (P=0.11). In the moxa smoke group of mice, serum TG and LDL contents were significantly lower than in the model group (P=0.01;P=0.008) and HDL content had no significant difference compared with the model group (P=0.11). There were no significant differences in various blood lipid indicators between the moxibustion and moxa smoke groups (P>0.05). There were hepatic cell cord and sinusoid derangement and obvious hepatocytic swelling in the model group of mice. In the moxa smoke and moxibustion groups, hepatocytic swelling subsided significantly, and inflammatory cell infiltration reduced compared with the model group. In the model group,CD36 expression was significantly higher than in the normal group (P=0.004) and ABCA1 expression was significantly lower than in the normal group (P=0.001). In the moxibustion group, CD36 expression had no significant difference compared with the model group (P=0.09) and ABCA1 expression was significantly higher than in the model group (P=0.03). In the moxa smoke group, CD36 expression was significantly lower than in the normal group (P=0.02) and ABCA1 expression was significantly higher than in the model group (P=0.002). There were no significant differences in CD36 and ABCA1 expressions between the moxibustion and moxa smoke groups (P>0.05).ConclusionEarly moxibustion on point Guanyuan can regulate disorders of blood lipid metabolism, delay the occurrence of hepatic lesions and reduce intrahepatic accumulation of cholesterol to a certain extent in an ApoE-/-mouse model of atherosclerosis. That may be one of the mechanisms by which moxibustion therapy prevents atherosclerosis. Moxa smoke as the product of moxibustion is an effective factor in moxibustion producing a therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Holmium laser resection for primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HoLRBt) compared with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt). Methods Data of 212 patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into HoLRBt group(n= 101) and TURBt group (n= 111). The patients in each group were stratified into 3 risk groups (low, intermediate and high risk) according to prognostic factors for recurrence based on EAU guideline. Then, the safety of HoLRBt and TURBt groups were compared, concerning the intraoperative complications and postoperative recovery. Efficacy indicated by recurrence-free survival of the 2 groups was analyzed and compared by Kaplan-Meier technique. Results Patients' demographics including age, gender, tumor characteristics, and recurrence risk of tumor between the 2 groups were comparable(P＞0.05). No obturator nerve reflex occurred in the HoLRBt group. Meanwhile, 7 out of 111 patients in the TURBt group experienced this complication resulted bladder perforation in 3 patients. The proportion of patients needing postoperative bladder irrigation in the HoLRBt group was lower compared to the TURBt group (P＜0.05). HoLRBt was associated with shorter postoperative catheter drainage period (P＜0.05). The mean postoperative follow-up was 34 months (range 18 to 43). Recurrence-free survival after HoLRBt was similar with that of TURBt (P = 0. 283). Conclusions Compared with TURBt, HoLRBt is a feasible, safe and effective alternative for the management of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with similar therapeutic efficacy and fewer perioperative complications.HoLRBt can be widely used in clinical practice in the treatment of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the ex tr action technique for seperating the active components in the root of Salvia mi ltiorrhizae bunge by supercritical fluid, and to analyze the extracted product s by HPLC-MS n . Methods The extraction condition s were established as follows: 950ml?L -1ethanol as the first entrainer, t he pressure of 20.0 MPa, temperature at 45 ℃, and extracting time 1 h; then 100 mL?L -1 ethanol was selected as the second entrainer, pressur e was 30.0 MPa, temperature was 65 ℃, and extracting time was 3 h. Results Compared with traditional refluxing extraction and ultrasonic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction was better and more effect ive. Conclusion Supercritical extraction is simple, highly selec tive and efficient in extracting the active components in Salvia miltiorrhizae bunge.

Objective To study the significance of rDNA transcription activity of peripheral blood T lymphocyte in patients with urinary tract tumors. Methods rDNA transcription activity of peripheral T lymphocyte was detected by a cell image analysis of Ag-NOR in 21 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with kidney cancer (including 6 cases of T_1N_0M_0,9 of T_2N_0M_0,4 of T_3N_0M_0 and 2 of T_4N_2M_1) and in 42 patients with bladder tumor (including 14 cases of TaN_0M_0,11 of T_1N_0M_0,1 of T_1N_0M_1,8 of T_2N_0M_0,4 of T_3N_0M_0 and 4 of T_4N_0M_0).Twenty-eight normal volunteers served as controls and 23 patients with uremia as positive controls.The peripheral blood was taken for detection of Ag-NORs in controls and in tumor patients before and after operation.The differences were compared among these groups. Results rDNA transcription activity of T cells was (8.55?1.11)%,(6.29?0.97)%,(5.44?0.68)% and (5.42? 0.68)% in controls and patients with uremia,renal and bladder tumors,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference among the normal uremia and tumor patients (P0.05).The parameters,such as TNM stages of renal and bladder tumor,the cell grades according to WHO criteria,tumor volume of the kidney,and invasion depth and recurrence frequencies of bladder tumors,had no significant correlation with rDNA transcription activity of T cells. Conclusions rDNA transcription activity of T cells may be used for monitoring the immune function in patients with kidney and bladder tumors,especially for primary screening of urinary tract tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Strengthen realization of pulmonary infection and perform follow-up plays a key role in preventing severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to analyze the diagnosis and pathogens distribution in patients with pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation. METHODS: Totally 14 patients with severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation, who received treatment at The Department of Urology Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, from May 2004 to September 2008, were analyzed. Including 10 males and 4 females, aged from 20 to 65 (37.3±11.4) years. Six patients suffered pulmonary infection within 3 months, 7 patients occurred pulmonary infection occurred during 3-6 months, and pulmonary infection occurred in 1 patient at 6 months after kidney transplantation. The infection rate was 93% during 6 months after kidney transplantation. The diagnosis of pulmonary infection was according to the clinical manifestation of respiratory system, and combined with specificity display of sternum, CT or detection of pathogen. Oxygen inhale and mechanical ventilation were employed for admitted patients. And electrolytes, acid-base equilibrium was daily detected. Twelve patients accepted "three-medicine" treatment and 2 cases accepted "four-medicine" treatment. The therapeutic drugs could be regulated individually. The dose of immunosuppressive agent was adjusted due to ciclosporin, CD4~+/CD8~+, and C-reactive protein levels. RESULTS: The pathogens of pulmonary infection were bacteria (5 patients), fungi (4 patients), and mixed infection (3 patients). No pathogen was found in 2 patients. Four patients died of acute respiratory distress syndrome, 1 patient died for quitting treatment. The remained 9 patients were cured. The mortality was 36%, and the recovery rate was 64%, CONCLUSION: The cure rate of patients with severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation can be increased by early combining antibiotics treatment, regulating immunosuppressive agents, early identifying pathogens, taking respiratory support therapy, as weii as adding nutritional supplement.

Objective To study the relationship between the OATP1B1 521T ＞ C genetic polymorphism and essential hypertension.Methods 164 essential hypertension subjects and 159 normotensive subjects were detected by the TaqMan-MGB probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the results were compared with those of DNA sequencing.Results The frequencies of T/C genotype and C allele of OATP1B1 521T ＞ C gene of the essential hypertension subjects were obviously lower than those of the normotensive subjects(T/C genotype:0.16 vs 0.25,P ＜0.05 ;C allele:0.10 vs 0.17,P ＜0.05),The difference was significant.Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis was used for evaluatine the risk factors of essential hypertension,there was significant relationship between OATP1 B1 52IT ＞ C gene polymorphism and essential hypertension.Conclusion The SLCO1 B1 521T ＞ C variant was common in Chinese essential hypertension population,but the difference of frequency of SLCO1B1 52IT ＞ Cmuton between the essential hypertension patients and the normotensive controls was of obviously statistical significance,which indicates that the SLCO1B1521T ＞ C variant maybe associate with essential hypertension.

Objective To observe the effect of PM10 (inhalable particles) in moxa smoke on apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line-A549 cells, and explore the possible mechanisms of inducing apoptosisMethods The A549 cells were studied in vitro experiment method, which were stained by Hoechest33258 staining method. Their morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by the fluorescence microscopy. The levels of intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of NF-κB p65 were also measured.Results Some apoptotic cells were observed after treated with moxa smoke PM10 in the concerntration of 400μg/mL. After 4 hours intervention by moxa smoke PM10 in A549 cells, the intracellular Ca2+ level increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the expression of NF-κB p65 decreased significantly (P<0.05) after intervention of moxa smoke PM10 with different concerntrations for 4 hours. When the A549 cells were cultured with moxa smoke PM10 for 20 hours, the expression of p65 decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the concerntrations of 70, 280μg/mL, while there was no significant change in the concerntration of 140μg/mL (P>0.05). Compared with the blank control group, ROS level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in A549 cells after intervention of moxa smoke PM10.Conclusion PM10 in moxa smoke could induce apoptosis of A549 cells, could increase cytosolic Ca2+ level.