The renal artery stenosis is a common complication in renal transplantation.Therenal failure can be easily caused if treatment is not effective.4 cases of renal artery stenosis in re-nal transplantation were treated in our department from Dec.1995 tO Jan.1997.Three cases weretreated by implanted renal artery stent and the remaining one received the stripping of adhesive tis-sue.After operation,blood pressure and renal function in the 4 patients recovered normally.Long-term effect was satisfactory.It is concluded that the above tWO methods are effective for thetreatment of renal artery stenosis in renal transplantation.

In order to observe the pharmacological action and clinical effects of Implanta (from Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd) on renal transplantation, 30 patients receiving renal transplantation were treated with Implanta. Among the 30 patients, 12 patients (group A) just underwent renal transplantation, the remaining 18 cases underwent the operation 0.5 to 4 years ago and administered Sundimin or Cyspin. The results showed that the blood concentration, the effcets of inhibiting the rejection, the function recovery of transplanted kidney and side effects of Implanta were the same as those of Sundimin or Cyspin. It was conlcuded that Implanta was safe and effective.

Objective　To investigate the infection of hepatitis virus and spirochete in renal transplant donors and recipients to study the relationship between infection and human/kidney survival rate following renal transplantation. Methods　A total of 361 donors and 300 recipients were investigated on infection of HBV, HCV, HGV, CMV, EBV, HSV, HIV and RPR. Results　Of the 361 donors, 31 cases (8.6!%), 9 cases (2.5!%) and 2 cases (0.6!%) were found having HBV, HCV, HGV infection respectively. In the 231 recipients, the percentage of CMV, EBV, HSV, HIV and RPR carriers was 16.9!%, 11.7!%, 16.0!%, 0.4!% and 0.8!% respectively. Among the 300 grafting recipients, the infective rate of HBV, HCV and HBV plus HCV was 68.7!%, 34.7!% and 25.0!% respectively. Forty patients were randomly selected from the 300 patients, it was found that 10 (25.0!%) patients were positive for anti-HGV, 10 (25.0!%) for HGV and HBV, 5 (12.5!%) for all HGV, HBV and HCV. The percentage of CMV, EBV, HSV, HIV, RPR carriers among the 300 recipients was 49.0!%, 32.7!%, 42.0!%, 0 and 0.3!% respectively. Conclusion　Viral infectious status of the donors and recipients before operation might contribute to the occurrence of viral infection in the recipients after transplantation.

Objective　To investigate the outcome of renal transplantation in the patients with systemi c autoimmune disease. Method　The clinical data of 25 patients with autoimmune disease undergoing renal transp lantation were retrospectively analyzed. Results　 The survival rate for 1 year, 3 years, 5 years after renal transplantation in t he patients with autoimmune disease and without autoimmune disease were 88 .0 %, 80.0 %, 72.0 % and 88.9 %, 84.4 %, 77.8 % r espectively. The graft survival rate for 1 year,3 years, 5 years after renal tra nsplantation in the patients with autoimmune disease and without autoimmune dise ase were 84.0 %, 72.0 %, 60.0 % and 86.2 %, 77.0 %, 66.4 % respectively. The average intervals of dialysis pre-transplantati on b etween the patients with recurrent underlying diseases (4 patients) and with out recurrent underlying diseases (21 patients) was not difference. Among the 4 p atients with positive ANA and elevated anti-dsDNA serology pre- and post-tr ansp lant, 2 patients had recurrent underlying diseases. Conclusions　Renal transplantation should be offered to th e patients with autoimmune diseases because relapses of underlying diseases after renal transplantation seem to be rare. The patient and graft survival rate was not significantly differen t in the patients with autoimmune diseases and without autoimmune diseases.

Objective: To establish a rapid and precise continuous flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. Methods: In NaOH solution, tetracycline and oxytetracycline can sensitize obviously the chemiluminesence (CL) intensity of the reaction of luminol with KIO4, the sensitized CL intensity is proportional to the concentration of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. So, a new flow-injection CL method has been developed. The optimum chemical conditions for the CL reaction were investigated. Results: Under the optimized conditions (KIO4 concentration: 1.0×10-5 mol/L; NaOH concentration: 0.1 mol/L; luminol concentration: 1.0×10-4 mol/L), tetracycline and oxytetracycline were determined. The linear range of the working curves was 1.0×10-7 -1.0×10-4 g/mL, the detection limits was 1.0×10-8 g/mL and 1.1×10-8 g/mL, and the relative standard deviation was 2.6% (Cs = 1.0×10-6 g/mL; n=11) and 2.0% (Cs = 1.0×10-6 g/mL; n=11) respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, and it has been successfully applied to the the determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline tablets, the mean recoveries being 99.7% and 98.8% respectively.

A novel flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen was proposed based on the CL system of KMnO4 and Na2 SO3 in acid media.The CL intensity of KMnO4-Na2 SO3 was greatly enhanced in the presence of loxoprofen and naproxen.The mechanism of the CL reaction was studied by the kinetic process and UV-vis absorption and the conditions were optimized.Under optimized conditions,the CL intensity was linear with loxoprofen and naproxen concentration in the range of 7.0 × 10- 8 - 1.0 × 10 5 g/mL and 2.0 × 10 7 - 4.0 × 10 6 g/mL with the detection limit of 2.0 × 10 8g/mL and 3.0 × 10 sg/mL (S/N =3),respectively.The relative standard deviations were 2.39％ and 1.37％ for 5.0 × 10- 7 g/mL naproxen and 5.0 × 10 7 g/mL loxoprofen ( n =10),respectively.The proposed method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen in pharmaceutical preparations.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of combined islet cell and kidney transplantation in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with end-stage renal failure.Methods Four patients with type I diabetes and ESRD received combined renal and islet cells transplantation.Clinical and metabolic data were studied during the follow-up.Results The cultured human adults islet cells were infused into the portal vein system of the 4 patients.Immunosuppression included CsA.azathioprine and prednisone.Metabolic follow-up comprised assessment of daily fasting and non-fasting blood glucose,basal C-peptide secretion,HbAIc,renal function and blood cell counts.Islet isolation yielded 25 000～48 000 equivalents(single or multiple donors).No adverse effects were seen subsequent to islet transplantation.Basal C-peptide secretion maintained at normal levels.and blood glucose and HbAIc levels were normalized throughout the observation period.The dosage of insulin were decreased by over 25% in all 4 patients after transplantation.Conclusions Combined adult islet cells and renal transplantation has a good effect in the treatment of the patients with type Ⅰ diabetes and ESRD and can be used as an effective way for treating ESRD secondary to the type Ⅰ diabetes.Postoperative efficacy is related not only to the quantlty and quality of the islet cells,but also to the rejection of the grafts.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for postrenal transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Methods 512 consecutive kidney recipients were included in this study from 1994.1 to 1997. 5.Biochemical data, body weight changes, drug history, genetic markers such as HLA phenotypes, anti-virus antibodies were studied in these patients.Results The mean age and the dose of hormone used 6 months after operation in the diabetes mellitus group were older and higher than in the nondiabetes groups respectively. PTDM often occurred half a year following renal transplantation. And no patients with PTDM were obese. Most PTDM patients had a higher blood glucose level, but few of them had ketoacidosis. The occurrence of HLA-B15 and the positive rate of anti-gland virus antibody were significantly higher in PTDM group. Conclusion Both genetic factors such as HLA type antigens and environmental factors such as the amounts of steroid and cyclosporine A used, infections of some kinds of viruses, and also stress during transplantation may play an important role in the causes of PTDM.

A novel flow injection chemiluminescence（CL）method for the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen was proposed based on the CL system of KMnO4 and Na2SO3 in acid media.The CL intensity of KMnO4-Na2SO3 was greatly enhanced in the presence of loxoprofen and naproxen.The mechanism of the CL reaction was studied by the kinetic process and UV-vis absorption and the conditions were optimized.Under optimized conditions,the CL intensity was linear with loxoprofen and naproxen concentration in the range of 7.0×10^-8-1.0×10^-5g/mL and 2.0×10^-7-4.0×10^-6g/mL with the detection limit of 2.0×10-8g/mL and 3.0×10-8g/mL（S/N=3）,respectively.The relative standard deviations were 2.39% and 1.37% for 5.0×10^-7g/mL naproxen and 5.0×10^-7g/mL loxoprofen（n=10）,respectively.The proposed method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen in pharmaceutical preparations.

A sensitive chemiluminescence(CL) method was developed for determining melamine in urine and plasma samples based on the fact that melamine can remarkably enhance the chemiluminescence of Luminol-K3 Fe(CN)6 system in alkaline medium.The determination conditions were optimized.Under optimum conditions,the chemiluminescence intensity had a good linear relationship with melamine in the range of 9.0 × 10 97.0 × 10 6 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992.The detection limits (3σ) were 3.54 ng/mL for urine sample and 6.58 ng/mL for plasma sample.The average recoveries of melamine were 102.6％ for urine sample and 95.1％ for plasma sample.Melamine in samples was extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedures and the assay results coincided very well with that determined with flow injection chemiluminescence method.The method provides a reproducible and stable approach for sensitive detection and quantification of melamine in urine and plasma samples.