To obtain the criterion of Laser induced Autofluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy in the differentiation of normal lung tissue and lung cancer and study the feasibility of LIF spectroscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the LIF spectra of normal lung and lung cancer in 42 surgical specimens have been measured with a detecting system which consists of an YAG laser(wavelength 355nm) and an optical multichannel analyzer(OMA). Spectroscopic differences between normal lung and cancerous tissues have been found which could be used as a criterion to distinguish from them . The pathological examinations were done to compare with the criterion. The results showed:① The location of the principal spectral peaks of the normal lung tissue (470.8?6.3)nm and lung cancer ( 463.7 ?4.8)nm are different( P

BACKGROUND: Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic characterized by rapid induction and prompt recovery. Recently, its is used widely in clinical practice, especially when early discharge is advisable. We conducted this study for the evaluation of the effects of propofol as a sole intravenous anesthetic on the operation with minimal pain such as TUL(transurethral lithotripsy). METHODS: Patients were recruited for ASA class 1 and 2 from those who received TUL operation. Propofol was administered 2 mg/kg for induction and continuously infused at the rate of 1.2~1.4 mg/kg/hr after the loss of consciousness. With the stabilization of the vital signs, we reduced the dose of propofol to 1.0~1.2 mg/kg/hr. We checked the patients' movement, vital signs, recovery time and monitored the appearance of the symtoms such as nausea, vomiting postoperatively. RESULTS: 1) The average time of operation was 15+/-12 minutes. 2) The average recovery time was 15+/-9 minutes(range 2~30 min). 3) Blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2) were declined during anesthesia, but SpO2 was normalized in the recovery room. 4) No significant complications were observed. 5) Mild movement of the patient was noticed in the begining of operation, but it did not affect the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol was effective as a sole intravenous anesthetic to minimize postoperative complications such as nauea, vomiting for TUL with minimal pain.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics, Intravenous* ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Nausea ; Oxygen ; Postoperative Complications ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Unconsciousness ; Vital Signs ; Vomiting

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The degree of light attenuation at the time of cementation of the PLV restoration depends on characteristics such as thickness, opacity and shade of the restorations, which interfere with light transmittance and, as a result, may decrease the total energy reaching the luting cement. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of conversion of light-cured resin cements measuring by FT-IR in regard to different thickness, light devices and curing time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the control group, a clear slide glass (1.0 mm) was positioned between the light cured resin cement and light source. The specimens of ceramics were made with IPS Empress Esthetic. The ceramics were fabricated with varying thicknesses-0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mm with shade ETC1. Rely X(TM) Veneer with shade A3, light-cured resin cement, was used. Light-activation was conducted through the ceramic using a quartz tungsten halogen curing unit, a light emitting diode curing unit and a plasma arc curing unit. The degree of conversion of the light-cured resin cement was evaluated using FT-IR and OMNIC. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analysis (alpha< .05). RESULTS: The degree of conversion (DC) of photopolymerization using QTH and LED was higher than results of using PAC in the control group. After polymerization using QTH and LED, the DC results from the different ceramic thickness- 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm- did not show a significant difference when compared with those of control group. However, the DC for polymerization using PAC in the 1.5mm ceramic group showed significantly lower DC than those of the control group and 0.5 mm ceramic group (P<.05). At 80 s and 160 s, the DC of light-cured resin cement beneath 1.0 mm ceramic using LED was significantly higher than at 20 s (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study, when adhering PLV to porcelain with a thickness between 0.5 - 1.5 mm, the use of PAC curing units were not considered however, light cured resin cements were effective when cured for over 40 seconds with QTH or LED curing units. Also, when curing the light cured resin cements with LED, the degree of polymerization was not proportional with the curing time. Curing exceeding a certain curing time, did not significantly affect the degree of polymerization.
Cementation ; Ceramics ; Dental Porcelain ; Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique ; Glass ; Light ; Plasma ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Quartz ; Resin Cements ; Tungsten

OBJECTIVE: A spinal cord subependymoma is an uncommon, indolent, benign spinal cord tumor. It is radiologically similar to a spinal cord ependymoma, but surgical findings and outcomes differ. Gross total resection of the tumor is not always feasible. The present study was done to determine the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of spinal cord subependymomas.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of ten spinal cord subependymoma patients (M : F=4 : 6; median 38 years; range, 21–77) from four institutions.RESULTS: The most common symptoms were sensory changes and/or pain in eight patients, followed by motor weakness in six. The median duration of symptoms was 9.5 months. Preoperative radiological diagnosis was ependymoma in seven and astrocytoma in three. The tumors were located eccentrically in six and were not enhanced in six. Gross total resection of the tumor was achieved in five patients, whereas subtotal or partial resection was inevitable in the other five patients due to a poor dissection plane. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in two patients. Neurological deterioration occurred in two patients; transient weakness in one after subtotal resection and permanent weakness after gross total resection in the other. Recurrence or regrowth of the tumor was not observed during the median 31.5 months follow-up period (range, 8–89).CONCLUSION: Spinal cord subependymoma should be considered when the tumor is located eccentrically and is not dissected easily from the spinal cord. Considering the rather indolent nature of spinal cord subependymomas, subtotal removal without the risk of neurological deficit is another option.
Astrocytoma ; Diagnosis ; Ependymoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioma, Subependymal ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the status of nodal disease, including the right paraesophageal node, in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS: A total of 116 patients with PTC underwent total thyroidectomy and prophylactic central node dissection, including right paraesophageal lymph nodes (RPE LNs). Metastases to RPELNs were analyzed by site and clinicopathologic variables. Recurrence rate and post-operative complications were also evaluated by comparing the right paraesophageal lymph node dissection (RPE LND) with the non-RPE LND group. RESULTS: Central node metastases were detected in 57 (49.1%) patients; paratracheal and pre-tracheal lymph node metastases, total RPE LN metastases, and metastases only in RPE LN occurred in 50 (43.1%), 18 (15.5%), and 5 (4.3%) patients, respectively. Age, tumor size, tumor longitudinal location, extrathyroidal extension, and multicentricity were insignificant in RPE LN metastasis (P>.05). Although there was no significant statistical difference, tumors with lymphatic invasion and larger tumors (>1 cm) had more frequent RPE LN metastases. RPE LN metastases were frequent in deeply located tumors instead of superficially located tumors (P=0.015). Compared with the non-RPE LND group, the incidence of post-operative complications (transient hypocalcemia and vocal cord palsy) was not significantly different and there was no recurrence in both groups during the follow up period. CONCLUSION: The metastatic rate of the right paraesophageal lymph nodes was 15.5%; 83.3% of these were macrometastatic. Prophylactic RPE dissection compared with the non-RPE LND group, however, did not show a survival difference for 5 years.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; Vocal Cords

Lymphoid malignancies have been reported in association with chronic myelogenous leukemia, but the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia and T-cell lymphoma in the same patients is rare. We experienced a case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma developed in the course of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In December 1993, a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia was made. The patient was treated with hydroxyurea and busulphan. In June 1999, the patient was admitted because of a swelling in right submandibular area and throat pain. He underwent right tonsilectomy. The histologic and immunologic examination of tonsil revealed a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. This case is additional one to a few previously reported cases of concurrence of chronic myelogenous leukemia and T-cell lymphoma.
Busulfan ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral* ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharynx ; T-Lymphocytes

We compared the production of three chemokines; interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and growth-related onco-gene-alpha(Gro-alpha) that attracts monocytes or neutrophils, or both, in peripheral blood at acute stage of Kawasaki disease (n=29), Henoch-Schonlein purpura (n=15) and acute febrile illnesses (n=12). The production of the chemokines was assayed by ELISA. The plasma levels of IP-10 were markedly elevated in Kawasaki disease (538.6 +/-336.4 pg/mL) and acute febrile illnesses (417.1 +/-262.2 pg/mL) compared with in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (58.7 +/-95.7 pg/mL) (p<0.05). The MCP-1 levels were elevated in Kawasaki disease (443.0 +/-473.1 pg/mL) and acute febrile illnesses (328.6 +/-261.1 pg/mL) compared with in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (82.9 +/-79.0 pg/mL) (p<0.05). The Gro- levels were elevated only in acute febrile illnesses (134.3 +/-153.6 pg/mL) compared with in Kawasaki disease (31.8 +/-22.1 pg/mL) or Henoch-Schonlein purpura (29.4 +/-53.3 pg/mL) (p<0.05). According to these results, monocytes may play an important role in Kawasaki disease. In acute febrile illness-es, both monocytes and neutrophils may play an important role. By contrast, Henoch-Schonlein purpura may not be associated with the role of monocytes and neutrophils. Further studies using a larger number of cases are needed.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Chemokines/*blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Fever/*blood/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/*blood/*epidemiology ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch/*blood/*epidemiology ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Recent findings in molecular pathology suggest that genetic translocation and/or overexpression of oncoproteins is important in salivary gland tumorigenesis and diagnosis. We investigated PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb protein expression in various salivary gland neoplasm tissues. METHODS: A total of 113 cases of surgically resected salivary gland neoplasms at the National Cancer Center from January 2007 to March 2017 were identified. Immunohistochemical staining of PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb in tissue samples was performed using tissue microarrays. RESULTS: Among the 113 cases, 82 (72.6%) were benign and 31 (27.4%) were malignant. PLAG1 showed nuclear staining and normal parotid gland was not stained. Among 48 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 29 (60.4%) were positive for PLAG1. All other benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms were PLAG1-negative. SOX10 showed nuclear staining. In normal salivary gland tissues SOX10 was expressed in cells of acinus and intercalated ducts. In benign tumors, SOX10 expression was observed in all pleomorphic adenoma (48/48), and basal cell adenoma (3/3), but not in other benign tumors. SOX10 positivity was observed in nine of 31 (29.0%) malignant tumors. Myb showed nuclear staining but was not detected in normal parotid glands. Four of 31 (12.9%) malignant tumors showed Myb positivity: three adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) and one myoepithelial carcinoma with focal AdCC-like histology. CONCLUSIONS: PLAG1 expression is specific to pleomorphic adenoma. SOX10 expression is helpful to rule out excretory duct origin tumor, but its diagnostic value is relatively low. Myb is useful for diagnosing AdCC when histology is unclear in the surgical specimen.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncogene Proteins ; Oncogene Proteins v-myb ; Parotid Gland ; Pathology, Molecular ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Salivary Glands ; SOX Transcription Factors ; Translocation, Genetic

Background/Aims: Little attention is paid to chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) in Korea due to the rarity of the disease. With its rising incidence, we aimed to evaluate recent changes in treatment patterns and survival outcomes of patients with CLL/SLL. Methods: A total of 141 patients diagnosed with CLL/SLL between January 2010 and March 2020 who received systemic therapy were analyzed in this multicenter retrospective study. Results: The median patient age was 66 years at diagnosis, and 68.1% were male. The median interval from diagnosis to initial treatment was 0.9 months (range: 0–77.6 months), and the most common treatment indication was progressive marrow failure (50.4%). Regarding first-line therapy, 46.8% received fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, plus rituximab (FCR), followed by chlorambucil (19.9%), and obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil (GC) (12.1%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 49.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.7–61.4), and median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 98.4 mo– not reached). Multivariable analysis revealed younger age (≤ 65 yr) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; p < 0.001) and first-line therapy with FCR (HR, 0.64; p = 0.019) were independently associated with improved PFS. TP53 aberrations were observed in 7.0% (4/57) of evaluable patients. Following reimbursement, GC became the most common therapy among patients over 65 years and second in the overall population after 2017. Conclusions Age and reimbursement mainly influenced treatment strategies. Greater effort to apply risk stratifications into practice and clinical trials for novel agents could help improve treatment outcomes in Korean patients.