Objective To investigate the oxidative damage of lead acetate and sodium arsenite to human immortalized keratinocytes line HaCaT and the protective effects of TFBP extracted from the leaves of broussoneria papyifera. Methods Cultured immotlalized keratinocytes line HaCaT were treated by 0.1 mmol/L lead acetate and 5.0 ?mol/L sodium arsenite respectively,and 0～200 mg/L TFBP were added to the culture media at the same time. The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA?雪,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in the cultured HaCaT cells were determined. The protective effects of TFBP at different concentrations were evaluated. Results 0.1 mmol/L lead acetate caused oxidative damage to HaCaT cells markedly. When the concentrations were increased to more than 100 mg/L,TFBP had certain protective effects from the damage induced by lead acetate with the decrease of the MDA levels from 4.23 ?mol/L to 1.87 ?mol/L and the increase of the SOD levels from 25.90 U/mg Pro to 37.12 U/mg Pro,while the activities of GSH-Px showed no significant change. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased in the cultured cells treated by sodium arsenite with 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L TFBP. Conclusion Lead acetate and sodium arsenite could cause significant oxidative damage to HaCaT cells and TFBP had certain protective effects on the cells from the oxidative damage induced by lead acetate and sodium arsenite under the conditions of this study.

Objective To explore the morbidity,the diagnosis and the method of therapy of accidental prostatic carcinoma. Methods From Jan of 1984 to May of 2004, 19 cases of prostatic accidental carcinoma were confirmed on pathological examination after prostatectomy for BPH. Bilateral orchiectomy and Estrogen treatment were performed in 6 cases and Bilateral orchiectomy in 7 cases alone but no treatment in 6 cases. Results 5 of the patients wereA1 stage and 14 A2 stage. 12 of them were followed up for 3 to 120 months. 14 of them survived and one untreated died of metastasis to pubis and vertebra after one year. Conclusions Most patients of prostatic accidental carcinoma are A1 and have a better prognosis. Bilateral orchiectomy and Estrogen treatment might improve the patients’s survival rate.

Objective To simulate the process of hypoxic?ischemic brain injury at high altitude in a simulated cabin with plateau low pressure environment, and to prepare a rat model of cerebral injuries at different high altitudes. Method Thirty?two 0?day?old neonatal SD rats were divided into four groups, namely group A ( control group) and three test groups:group B (2000 m group), group C (4000 m group), and group D (6000 m group). The rats of control group were reared in a barrier environment. The rats of test groups were placed in a simulated cabin with plateau low pressure environment, and to prepare neonatal cerebral ischemia?hypoxia model by sport activities. The sport movements were carried out in the cabin in a swimming groove 60 min/d, and not less than 20 hours a day at high altitude low pressure environment. Zea Longa 5 point scale standard was used to determine the behavioral scores at the 3 th 7 th 11 th 15 th days, and samples were collected on the 15th day to observe red blood cell morphology using HE and 2, 3, 5?triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( TTC ) staining and ultrastructure by scanning electron microscopy. Result ( 1 ) The neurological scores of the test groups A, B, C were significantly different from that of the control group (P<0?05), and the scores of test group D and control group were very significantly different ( P <0?01 ) . ( 2 ) The histopathological examination using HE staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration in all rats of the test groups, and the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration was positively correlated with the increase of altitude. ( 3 ) The histopathology with TTC staining revealed prominent ischemia in the cerebral cortex of rats in the plateau hypoxic environment. ( 4 ) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the rat erythrocytes were cap?like in the group B, irregular in the group C, and zigzag shape in the group D. Conclusions In this study, a rat model of neonatal hypoxic?ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE) is successfully established by hypoxic cabin combined with sport activity. This model is stable, reliable, more closely mimicking the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of neonatal HIE than models prepared with other methods, therefore, may be used in related research.

Objective To explore the different changes of the adult cerebral blood flow with ages,different weight and gender,to summarize the changing characteristics of cerebral blood flow.Methods 360 cases of examination were divided into two groups according to gender,and were divided into five groups at different ages,and were divided into four groups according to body mass index,using TCD detector blood flow velocity.Results 196 cases of male physical examination,the mean cerebral blood flow was (969.37 ± 117.54)ml/min;the 164 females physical examination,the average cerebral blood flow was (987.76 ± 114.34)ml/min,there was no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Different ages cerebral blood flow velocity were different,20 to 29-year-old group and the 30 to 39-year-old group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) ;40 to 49-year-old group,50 to 59 years,60 to 69 years old ＞ 70 age group significantly declined compoued with the first two groups,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) ;there were significant difference between the four groups (P ＜ 0.05).Overweight and obese group were significantly lower than the light and the normal group,there was a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TCDcan be a sensitive and accurate hemodynamic changes in the human brain,and is very important in the early diagnosis,prevention,treatment,and follow-up of cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To compare the clinical results of endovenous laser treatment(EVLT),radiofrequency endovenous occlusion(RFO)and conventional stripping combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy(TIPP)for lower extremity varicose vein.Methods From Jun 2004 to Jan 2007,200 cases(232 limbs)were treated by EVLT with TIPP,80 cases(88 limbs)by RFO with TIPP,and 180 cases(202 limbs)by conventional stripping with TIPP.Operation time,number of the incision made,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative hospital stay,complications,and one-year recurrence rate were compared with each other. Results Operation time was longer(41±8)min in RFO group than that in other two groups.Postoperative hospital stay was shorter in EVLT group(1.2±0.4 d)and RFO group (2.1±0.8 d)than that in stripping and TIPP group(P＜0.05).Patients in stripping group also suffered from more intra-operative bleeding more often incidental nervus saphenus injury and more incision numbers when compared with other two groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant difierence in one-year recurrence rate among patients in the three groups. Conclusions The clinical efficacy is almost the same among the three groups in terms of eradication of the varicose veins.EVLT and RFO are safe and minimal invasive for the treatment of lower extremity varicose vein.

OBJECTIVETo explore the morbidity of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with dysphonic diseases and to investigate the influence of LPR on the patients.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-seven patients with dysphonic diseases were encountered in Peking University of the People Hospital. Under the agreement, the patients were asked to fill in the scales of RSI, RFS, VHI and SF-36.24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring was applied to diagnose LPR definitely. 2643 volunteers were recruited to fill in the RSI scale through physical examination, outpatient, the ward and web survey.

RESULTS46.46% (59/127) patients were diagnosed with LPR definitely. 1241 of 2643 volunteer, who filled in the RSI, score more than zero in the first entry of hoarseness or dysphonia, 65.0% (807/1241) of them, scoring 13 points or higher, were diagnosed with clinically suspected LPR. Based on the 24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring, VHI total scores and subscores in the emotional domains were higher in positive group than in negative group. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in functional and physical domains. The SF-36 scale was used to evaluate the quality of life of the patients. The difference of 6 dimensionality, scores had statistical significance (P<0.05), including role-physical, general health, validity, social function, role-emotional and mental health. There was no statistical difference in dimensionalities of role-physical and bodily pain.

CONCLUSIONSThe volunteers who were diagnosed with hoarseness or dysphonia had the higher morbidity rate of LPR. At the time of treatment, more attention should be paid to the quality of life.

Dysphonia ; physiopathology ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Hoarseness ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles in patients of different age groups in Northeast China in 2014.Methods The clinical data of patients with measles in ten hospitals of infectious diseases in Northeast China from January 2014 to June 2014 were collected.Patients were divided into <16 age group and ≥16 age group, and the epidemiology , clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of all patients were retrospectively reviewed .SPSS 17.0 was used for data analysis.Results There were 1 401 patients with measles, in which 402 were <16-year old, and 999 were ≥16-year old.Clinical manifestations were mainly maculopapule (100.0%), fever (84.58%), cough (85.80%), Koplik’ s spot (73.23%), pharyngeal hyperemia (71.23%), diarrhea (43.97%), expectoration (40.97%), tears (39.40%) and runny nose (30.55%).The incidences of Koplik’s spot, sputum, pharyngeal hyperemia and diarrhea in <16 age group were lower than those in ≥16 age group (χ2 =8.364, 29.768, 10.953 and 6.701, P<0.05 or <0.01); while the incidence of runny nose was higher than that in ≥16 age group (χ2 =6.703, P<0.05).Abnormalities were found in blood routine examination, C-reactive protein (CRP), liver and kidney function, serum electrolyte levels, myocardial enzymes, and so on.Increasing in WBC, PLT and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB), and decreasing in WBC were observed in 38(9.45%), 122(30.35%), 279(69.40%) and 105(26.12%), patients in <16 age group, which were higher than those in ≥16 age group [45(4.5%), 14(1.40%), 347(34.73%) and 202(20.22%)], and the differences were of statistical significance (χ2 =12.593, 274.033, 139.385 and 5.830, P<0.05 or P<0.01).Increasing in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CRP, total bilirubin level (TBil), creatine kinase (CK), and decreasing in albumin (Alb), K+, Na+, Cl-were observed in 70(17.41%), 7(1.74%), 38(9.45%), 7(1.74%), and 214(53.23%), 59(14.68%), 45(11.19%), 94(23.38%) patients in <16 age group, which were lower than those in ≥16 age group [668(66.87%), 89(8.91%), 277(27.73%), 714(71.47), and 268(26.83%), 339(33.93%), 642(64.26%), 450 (45.05%)], and the differences were of statistical significance (χ2 =281.230, 23.073, 50.687, 159.740, and 14.674,114.286, 44.268, 271.546, P<0.01).Laryngitis and pneumonia were the most common complications.The incidence of laryngitis in <16 age group was 12.69% (51/402), which was higher than that in ≥16 years group (93/999, 9.31%,χ2 =3.545, P<0.05);while the incidence of spot shadows demonstrated by X-ray in <16 years group ( 72.89%, 121/166 ) was higher than that in ≥16 years group (265/445, 59.55%,χ2 =9.249, P<0.01).Conclusions There are differences in clinical features of measles in patients between <16 age group and ≥16 age group.Basic immunization in children and revaccination in adults should be enhanced to control the epidemics of measles .

BACKGROUNDTo study the effect and safety of tissue specific gene therapy of suicide gene for lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODSRetroviral vector of G1CEACDNa contained a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter regulated cytosine deaminase expression cassete (CEA/CD). By means of infection of virus, tissue specific expressing vectors and non-specific expressing vectors were transfected into A549 cell, which was CEA-producing lung adenocarcinoma cell line and then xenografted in nude mice, and the anti-tumor effect was evaluated. Then the retrovirus was injected directly into the tumor mass on nude mice, and the sensitivity of the xenograft to G1CEACDNa/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and the side effects were observed.

RESULTS(1) After transfected and untransfected A549 cells were implanted into nude mice, there was no difference in tumor formation among all the groups. (2) After 5-FC administration, the tumor transfected with tissue-specific gene displayed a higher sensitivity to the drug than those treated with non-specific in vitro gene-therapy. (3) The tumor-bearing nude mice were randomized in a blind manner based on comparable size to receive the supernatant of recombinant retrovirus G1CEACDNa followed by 5-FC, and significant growth suppression could be observed. (4) Comparing to the group with injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone, tissue-specific suicide gene therapy showed lower suppression to bone marrow.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that tissue-specific suicide gene therapy may play an important role in individual treatment of lung cancer.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral oxycodone /acetaminophen or tramadol in early postoperative patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological operations. METHODS: 120 gynecologic patients receiving laparoscopy operation were enrolled in a randomized,double blind, placebo controlled, multi center clinical trial with early oral analgesics if the vasual analgesia scores (VAS) was scored higher than 3.0. All patients were randomly received a single dose of oral analgesic: oxycodone/acetaminophen, tramadol or placebo, respectively. For rescue medication, PCA pump was provided in all three groups with a dose of 1 mg morphine and lockout of 5 minutes. The VAS scores, pain relief, PCA morphine consumption and side effects were evaluated at the following occasions of 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h throughout the study. RESULTS: The VAS scores and pain relief were significantly different in three groups at 0.75 , 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h. The VAS scores and PCA morphine consumption was significantly lower in oxycodone/acetaminophen and tramadol groups than those in placebo group. Pain relief in oxycodone/acetaminophen and tramadol groups was better than those in placebo group. The incidence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting significantly increased in tramadol group at 24 h compared with those in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Early oral administration of oxycodone /acetaminophen or tramadol can provide surgical patients with good and safe postoperative analgesia after laparoscopy gynecologic operation. The incidence of side effects in oxycodone /acetaminophen group is lower than that in tramadol group in this clinical trial.

Objective: To establish a New Zealand rabbit animal model of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) using esophageal balloon together with metal internal stent dilation and to investigate the changes of mucosa. Methods: 20 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 10 in each group. Balloon dilatation and metal internal stent dilation were carried out in experimental group to reproduce the animal model of LPRD.The middle of balloon was placed at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) while the stent was placed at the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). The guide wire was placed in the control group, but the balloon was not expanded and the stent was not placed. The general condition, pH value of hypopharynx, laryngeal histopathology and changes of pepsin content of New Zealand rabbits were observed regularly. The difference between experimental group and control group was compared. Results: The 24-hour Dx-pH monitoring results showed that the number of reflux episodes(20.0[9.5, 35.0], 13.0[6.5, 22.0]), and the percent time below pH 5.5 (1.36%[0.60%, 4.57%], 1.36%[0.43%, 2.77%]) in the experimental group at the 2nd and 4th week were significantly different from those in the control group (0[0,3.0], 1.0[0.5, 3.8]; 0[0, 0.01%], 0[0, 0], respectively, all P<0.01), suggesting that the experimental group New Zealand rabbits developed LPRD. Compared with the control group under microscope, lymphocytes infiltration and submucosal gland hyperplasia increased in the mucosa of the throat of the experimental group. The results of pepsin immunohistochemical staining between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.014). Conclusion The use of balloon dilatation of the LES combined with metal stent dilatation of the UES can successfully establish a laryngopharyngeal reflux model, and lesions in the throat tissue can be observed.