Objective To study the diagnosis value and clinical significance of serum sialic acid in malignant tumor. Methods Using enzymic method, the serum sialic acid levels were detected in 50 healthy persons, 90 benign disease patients, 160 malignant tumor patients. The serum sialic acid levels change were analyzed in different pathological types and after relative treatment. Results The serum sialic acid levels and positive ratio in malignant tumor groups were apparently higher than those in normal control and benign disease groups (P<0.01). The serum sialic acid levels in malignant tumor of different pathological types were apparently higher than those in normal control and benign disease groups (P <0.01), while there was no significance between different pathological types (P >0.05). The serum sialic acid levels in the improved patients significantly dropped (P <0.01), while those in the aggravated patients had an ascendent tendency.Conclusion The serum sialic acid has significant value in diagnosis, therapeutic effect and prognosis of malignant tumor.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlative factors and prevention measurements about nosocomial infection of tumor inpatients.METHODS The nosocomial infection correlative factors of 684 tumor inpatients between Jan 2006 to May 2005.were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS There were 78 infection cases among 684 patients,with the ratio of 11.4%.The infection often happened in a week after admission in hospital,and mostly occurred in respiratory system with a proportion of 67.03%.Pathogenic examination indicated that the main pathogens was conditional pathogens.Furthermore,age,duration in hospital,sicken time,application of chemical therapy,application of antibiotic drug,site of the tumor,malignant grade and nutrition condition,were correlation to nosocomial infection.CONCLUSIONS There is an extremely high infection rate of tumor patients in hospital.All the factors mentioned above should be considered seriously,and take precaution in advance to reduce nosocomial infection.

BACKGROUND:Sheng-Huangmixture includingChinese medicine Shengmai Decoction and total flavonoids of stems and leaves of radix has been shown to resist inflammation, regulate immune function, and protect ischemic myocardial tissues. However, its effect on the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cels after ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects ofSheng-Huangmixture on cardiocyte apoptosis and bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
METHODS:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats weredivided randomly into six groups: low-dose, moderate-dose and high-doseSheng-Huangmixture, positive control, blank and model groups (n=6). After 7 days of administration, models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury were established. TUNEL was usedto detect myocardial apoptosis. RT-PCR was utilized to measure bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the ischemic and reperfusion region.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the Sheng-Huangmixture group than in the model group (P< 0.05), but bax mRNA expression was significantly lower (P< 0.05). Thus, bcl-2/bax ratio increased. In addition, apoptosis index was more significantly decreased in theSheng-Huangmixture group(P< 0.05). (2) Results demonstrated that Sheng-Huangmixture can protect rat myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury, and effectively increase the bcl-2/bax ratio andinhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the underlying mechanism is mediated by up-regulating bcl-2 mRNA expression and down-regulating bax mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate.the co-stimulatory pathway of gastric cancer patients by examining the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD28,CTLA.4(CDl 52)and B7 molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLC)in patients with gastric cancer,and to discuss the role of costimulatory pathway in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.Methods The expression of CD28,CD152,CD3,CD4,CD8 and B7 molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes and T cell subpopulation were measured by flow cytometry in 56 patients with gastric cancer,and the data was compared and analyzed with that in gastric benign tumor group and healthy control group.Results The expression levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD3+ CD28+,B7-1(CD80),B7-2(CD86)and CD41/CD8+on PBLC in patients with gastric cancer was significantly lower than that of benign stomach tumor group and healthy control group.The expression levels of CD3+ CDl52+ and CD8+ on PBLC in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those of gastric benign tumor group and healthy control group.Conclusion Peripheral lymphocytcs in gastric cancer patients express low level of CD28 and B7 molecules and high level of CDI 52 molecules,which results in dysfunction of B7:CD28/CTLA-4 co-stimulation pathway and in turn affects the capacity of T cell to eliminate tumor cells,which makes tumor cells evading the immune surveillance and metastasizing.

Anxiety and depression are common conditions among patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)which may induce or aggravate intestinal symptoms. Psychological factors are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS via both central and peripheral pathways,and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)revealed that several brain areas,such as anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex,are associated with IBS,anxiety and depression. This article reviewed the use of fMRI for studying the correlation of IBS brain activity with anxiety and depression and its role in the central pathogenesis of IBS.

This paper introduces the basic principle,structure of Holter analysis system as well as its introduction,clinical application and development in China.In addition,it also lists some common errors which occurred in the use of the equipment in the past few years and their solutions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma Chemerin and diabetic nephropathy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Totally 195 T2DM patients and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The T2DM patients were further divivded into three subgroups:normal albuminuria group (n =65),microalbuminuria group (n =65),and clinical albuminuria group (n =65).The plasma Chemerin level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The serum Chemerin level was (150.20 ±21.99) μg/L in diabetic patients,which was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (62.13 ± 18.90) μg/L) (P ＜0.01).Inside the T2DM group,the plasma Chemerin level was [(143.63 ± 22.33) μg/L] in the microalbuminuria group and [(173.21 ± 23.91) μg/L] in the clinical albuminuria group (P ＜ 0.001),and both were significantly higher than that in the normal albuminuria group [(100.35 ±20.11) μg/L] (both P ＜0.01).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the plasma Chemerin level was independently associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (β =0.216,P =0.038),total cholesterol (β =1.867,P =0.048),high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (β =12.330,P ＜ 0.001),and urine albumin (β =37.184,P ＜0.001) in T2DM patients.Conclusion Plasema Chemerin level increases in T2DM patients and therefore can be a reliable indicator for detecting early type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To study application of surface plasmon resonance(SIR)system in detection of clinical pathogen with a gene chip.Methods 27 clinical samples were detected by SPR-based gene chip system.These samples were composed by 8 positive blood samples,3 positive pyoid samples,9 positive leucorrhea samples and positive reproductive tract pyoid samples,1 positive biopsy sample and 6 negative biopsy samples.Specific primers and probes for target pathogens were designed by bioinformatics methods and validated by PCR and enzyme-labelled chemiluminescence,respectively.SPR-based gene chip was prepared and utilized to detect clinical samples by SPR system.Results The primers and probes showed good specificity and accuracy,which can be applied to perform PCR and application of the gene chip.Compared with the clinical analysis,gene chip analysis of 26 clinical samples showed the consistent results.Conclusions SPR detection system proved to be accurate and reliable.The chip will have a promising prospect in application.

Objective To study the clinical value of nipple discharge detection in the early diagnosis of breast cancer,CA153 ,CEA levels were measured both in nipple discharge and serum. Methods 153 consecutive patients with nipple discharge in Rizhao hospital were studied,among them there were 91 cases with breast cancer and 62 cases with benign disease. The nipple discharged and serum from the 153 cases with nipple discharged were collected and CA153, CEA levels were measured with electrochemiluminescence method. Results The CA153, CEA levels of nipple discharge in breast cancer were significantly higher than the control group(CA153:t =28.949,33.844;CEA:t = 19.773,16.623, all P ＜ 0.01). The positive rate of CA153, CEA in nipple discharge were significantly higher than in the serum (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The positive rate of CA153, CEA in nipple discharge were significantly higher than in the serum. The detection of CA153 ,CEA had important value in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the dynamic level changes and significance of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the injury brain tissues of rats caused by pneumolysin (PLY).Methods Sixty-four SD rats were randomly and equally divided into PLY group and control group,0.1 mL PLY and isopyknic normal saline was given through left internal carotid artery respectively.Brain tissue gross and histological changes were observed at different time(4 h,6 h,12 h,24 h),meanwhile the expression levels of neurocyte damage marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) protein were detected by immunohistochemistry;and the expression levels of TREM-1,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected respectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The observation of brain tissue gross and histological changes indicated the existence of brain injury,and the expression levels of GFAP,NSE,TNF-α and IL-6 protein increased from 4 h after PLY were injected and augmented dynamically as time went on,compared with the control group at corresponding time points,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The level of TREM-1 in the PLY group reached a peak at the 4 h time point,but decreased somewhat at the 6 h time point,the level of TREM-1 was still higher than that in control group,the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).However,the level of TREM-1 in the PLY group declined obviously at 12 h and 24 h time points,compared with that in control group,there were no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of TREM-1 up-regulated obviously in the early stage of brain damage induced by PLY,which might be involved in the pathological process of brain damage by promoting the expression of TNF-α and IL-6.