Objective To investigate the clinical application and significance of nasotracheal intubation (NTI)on patients with respiratory failure.Methods 72 cases of post-operative and non-operative patients with respiratory failure were performed with urgent NTI or blind nasotracheal intubation(BNTI)and then mechanical venfilation.Results In all of the cases NTI were successful.32 cases received direct vision NTI;26 cases were BNTI:9 case8 were NTI through fibrobronchoscope and 5 cases were NTI under awake surface anesthesia.Operation were performed within 20 second to 11 minutes[(5.1±3.1)min].The remaining time of tracheal catheter were 2～21d [(9.3±5.9)d].Conclusion NTI was an important measure in rescuing the patients with respiratory failures.It is an essential rescue technique under the condition without fibrobronchoseope.

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this paper was to study the expression of related protein and Twist transcription factor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue and the correlations of OSCC and oral squamous cell carcino-metastasis. The paper also investigated the clinical significance of expression on OSCC.

METHODSThe labels of epithelium materialization (E-cadherin and cytokeratin), stromal labels (N-cadherin), transcription factor Twist protein, and mRNA expression in 30 OSCC tissues were investigated via immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The paper also conducted contrast analysis with clinicopathology.

RESULTSImmunization result showed that the expressions of Twist and N-cadherin in the OSCC group were more significant than those of the normal group (P<0.05). The expressions of E-cadherin and keratin in OSCC were significantly lower than those of the normal group (P<0.05). In the moderate- and low-differentiated group of OSCC, the expressions of Twist and N-cadherin were higher than those of the high-differentiated group (P<0.05). The expressions of E-cadherin and keratin were lower than those in the high-differentiated group (P<0.05). In the lymphatic metastasis group, the expressions of Twist and N-cadherin were higher than those of no-lymphatic metastasis group (P<0.05). The expressions of E-cadherin and keratin were lower than those of the no-lymphatic metastasis group (P< 0.05). Results of in situ hybridization showed that the expression of Twist mRNA in the moderate- and low-differentiated groups of OSCC, T3, and T4 groups as well as that of the lymphatic metastasis group were higher than those of the high-differentiated, T1 and T2 groups, and no-separate lymphatic metastasis group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEpithelium materialization exists in OSCC tissue. Twist can enhance the invasiveness of tumor cell and promote the infiltration and metastasis of OSCC. The combined detection of Twist, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin expressions can effectively predict and estimate OSCC metastasis.

Cadherins ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; physiology ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Twist-Related Protein 1 ; metabolism

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuralgia ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the expression of Hpa and its correlation with the microvessel density(MVD) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma(OSCC), thereby learning the function of Hpa in the tumor angiogenesis,invasion and lymph node metastasis.Methods:The expression of Hpa was studied in 48 patients with OSCCs, 15 patients with leukoplakia and 10 normal person with healthy oral mucosa by conventional immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. MVD was assessed with anti-CD31 antibody. Results: Positive expression ratios of Hpa and Hpa mRNA in leukoplakia were significantly higher than those in normal oral mucosa, while were significantly lower than in OSCC(P

[Objective]To discuss the clinical results of reconstruction of block bone deficit knee(lower femur and upper tibia) by transplantation of patella and present surgery protocols.[Methods]There were 7 patients who have giant cell tumor of bone in the lower femur or upper tibia at the knee in this report.The case history was from 4 to 12 months,average 5.8 months.Four were male and three were female.The age ranged from 18 to 40 years,average 31.8 years.Four had lesions at the lower femur and the other three had lesions at the upper tibia.According to Ennecking grade,five cases were in grade 2 and two cases were in grade 3.When the cartilage of the knee was damaged by bone tumors,the author supplemented it by autogenous patella to fill the defect.[Results]All cases of patella grafts were presented,with follow-up from 3 to 10 years(average 4.9 years),three cases were followed up more than 5 years.During the follow up,there was no case with recurrence、metastasis or necrosis and infection of graft.All the grafts had good union.According to the function evaluation standard of the international protecting extremities institute,3 excellent,4 good.The main complications were less range of movement of the knee(movement range 40～110 degree,average 88 degree).Weakness of the extensor apparatus was not obvious.One case had slight collapse of tibia plateau and another case sufferd from joint pain 6 years after operation.[Conclusion]When the cartilage of the lower femur and the upper tibia is damaged by bone tumors,the bone tumors and its affected condyle cowld be incised,then apply patella grafts to repair and reconstruct the defect of the knee.

Objective:To study the role of angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) in angiogenesis in oral squamous cell cacinoma(OSCC). Methods:Expression of angiopoietin-2 and CD_34 in 41 cases of OSCC(13 cases with lymph node metastasis)and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical SABC method. Microvessel density(MVD) in the samples was counted under microscope. Results:Ang-2 was detected in 28 out of 41(68.29%) cases of OSCC and 2 out of 10(20%) of normal oral mucosa(P

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder(DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-Ⅳ.Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases also have motor problems severe enough to be diagnosed as DCD.Further,children initially diagnosed as DCD have also been found to meet moderate to severe diagnosis for ADHD.Both disorders have been linked to a lot of psychosocial problems.Furthermore,when ADHD and DCD are co-morbid,the outcome tends to be more severe than when either disorder occurs alone.In the past decade,many studies identified shown that ADHD children experienced difficulties with both fine motor movements and gross motor movements.Notably,most of these foregoing studies found balance functions of ADHD were impaired.In order to maintain balance under a verity of environmental conditions,sensory information from somatosensory,visual,and vestibular origins must be integrated by the central nervous system.But there are rich evidences suggesting that children with ADHD can not organize the motor information effectively.The maintenance and control of posture and balance,whether in static or dynamic conditions,are essential requirements for daily activity.The balance function has been closely associated not only with both gross motor movements,such as sitting,standing,walking and fine motor movements,but also with human behaviors.There are increasing evidences suggesting that balance deficit correlates with symptoms of ADHD.Therefore,motor coordination difficulties co-occurring with ADHD should be given emphasis in clinical practice;the training of balance may be one of the possible methods to improve the motor coordination function in ADHD children.

Objective:To explore the effect of methylphenidate on the balance function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and the correlation between the variations of balance function and subjective clinical assessment before and after treatment.Methods:From July to December 2006,23 children(19 boys and 4 girls) who met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for ADHD participated in an open study conducted at Institute of Mental Health,Peking University.The variation of their balance functions before and after methylphenidate extended-release tablets(OROS methylphenidate) treatment were evaluated,and the differences of balance functions between 19 ADHD boys pre-and post-treatment and 38 age-matched typically developing control boys were compared.Balance functions were assessed with sensory organization test(SOT) provided by SMART EquiTest system.Subjective clinical assessments were measured with ADHD rating scale-Ⅳ and IOWA Conners rating scale.Results:The equilibrium score(ES) in SOT5,SOT6,and composite score (61.84?14.19,65.88?15.41,and 75.70?10.30,respectively),and the strategy score(SS) in SOT4 and SOT5(89.20?3.17 and 83.22?6.56),and the sensory analysis of vestibular ratio(67.64?14.43) improved significantly after OROS methylphenidate treatment compared to those before treatment(49.81?16.26,57.61?16.72,68.70?11.96,86.84?4.49,78.55?6.55,and 54.46?17.27,respectively,P0.05). Conclusion:This study suggests that methylphenidate can improve the balance function of children with ADHD through direct effect on the balance system.

Objective:To investigate whether the likelihood of balance impairment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) increases with the presence of disruptive behavior disorder(DBD),and whether the likelihood of co-occurring diagnosis of DBD increases in ADHD children with severer balance deficit.Methods:Three groups of 20 children each,representing pure ADHD,ADHD+DBD,and typically developing control children,were included and group matched by age and gender.Balance functions were assessed with the Balance Master in different conditions.We compared the percentages of children in each group who swayed faster than 85% of the typical control children in all conditions.Results:In the conditions of firm surface with eyes open(FI/EO) and eyes closed(FI/EC),and foam surface with eyes open(FO/EO) and eyes closed(FO/EC),the sway velocities of ADHD only group(0.65?0.26 ?/s,0.65?0.30 ?/s,0.95?0.29 ?/s,and 1.70?0.49?/s,respectively) were significantly higher than those of the typical control group(0.47?0.18 ?/s,0.43?0.19 ?/s,0.76?0.21 ?/s,and 1.27?0.38 ?/s,respectively)(P

Objective To explore the effects of murinecytomegalovirus(MCMV)infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEF)on the proliferation and activation of regulatory T cell in vitro. Methods A co-culture system of T cell and MCMV infected MEF(T-MEF MCMV)was established.The viral load of supernatant was determined by plaque assay.The proliferation of T cells was observed with cell counting.The proportion of CD4+ CD25+ cells was measured by flow cytometry.The levels of Foxp3 protein were measured by Western blot.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was utilized tO determine whether MCMV infection of MEF influenced the level of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β mRNA.The level of TGF-β protein in supernatant was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The difference between T-MEF MCMV group and control group was assessed by one-way ANOVA.Results When T cells were co-cultured with MCMV infected MEF for 1 day and 3 days,the viral load in supernatant decreased.But when co-culture lasted for 6 days,the antiviral effect obviously diminished,as the viral load[(5.58±0.67)×105 PFU/mL]of the experimental group showed no statistic difference with MEF MCMV control group[(6.05±0.34)×105PFU/mL].When co-cultured with MCMV infected MEF for 3 days,T cell increased from pre-culture level of[(2.02±0.05)×106/mL]to(2.25± 0.13)×106/mL(P＜0.05).But when co-culture lasted for 6 days,the number of T eelI returned to (2.08±0.14)×106/mL,which had no statistic difference with that of co-culture for 3 days system. Both the expressions of Foxp3 protein and the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in T-MEF MCMV group were up-regulated as the infection time extended,which were two times and three times of the control group level,respectively.The mRNA level(A value)of TGF-β in MCMV infected MEF increased from baseline of 1.09±0.13 to 3.15±0.54 on day 3 after infection.The expression of TGF-β in supernatant 3 days after infection was(3.85±0.32) μg/L,which was significantly higher than that before infection[(1.74±0.14)μg/L,P＜0.05].Conclusions Activated T cells have antiviral effect.However,the function of T cells is rapidly inhibited after activation,which may be due to the expression of Foxp3 mRNA induced by MCMV infected MEF and increased CD4+ CD25+ Treg proportion of the co-cultured T cells.TGF-β level is significantly increased after CMV infection,which may be an important mechanism of Treg proliferation.MCMV may manipulate Treg to evade specific immune elimination and,as a result,to cause CMV replication.