To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two cephosporin antibiotics in the treatment of lung RRinfections. Method: The cost and effectiveness of two therapy regimens in treatme nt of lung infections were compared by cost-effectiveness analysis. Result: Ceftriaxone was a cost-effective antibiotic compared with su lperazon (cefaperazone sulbactam) to treat lung infections. Conclusio n: The analysis result showed that pharmacoeconomics was avery impor tant for rational use of drug and decrease of medical care cost.

0.05)in the knowledge demands of the dosage form factors but their examination of the knowledge of the dosage form factors showed their lack of the relative knowledge.They had some difference in the knowledge degrees of the dosage form factors.Conclusion:The medical staff had a strong demand of the knowledge of the dosage form factors due to their lack.

ctive method for previously untreated ITP patients and maintenece treatment with small-dose dexamethasone between high-dose dexamethasone contributes to improve the long-term curative effect.

Purpose To investigate effect of valsartan on expression of Notch pathway and production of extracellular matrix. Methods Urine protein and production of extracellular matrix were measured after diabetic mice were treated with valsartan. The levels of Jag-ged1, Notch1, Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TypeⅣcollagen and Laminin were determinated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. Results Valsartan suppressed urine protein and production of extracellular matrix in diabetic mice (P<0. 05). Valsartan also inhibits overexpression of Jagged1, Notch1, NICD1, TGF-β1, Type Ⅳ collagen and Laminin in glomerular tissues of diabetic mice (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion Valsartan inhibits activa-tion of Notch pathway in glomerular tissues of diabetic mice, inhibits production of extracellular matrix in glomerulus and delays glomer-ulosclerosis.

Objective To discuss the criteria for the evaluation of rational antibiotic drug use in medical cases ( paper edition) of the antimicrobial agent clinical application monitoring network administered by The Ministry of Health. Methods Based on the relevant provisions from The guiding principles for clinical applications of antibacterial drugs and“The notice by the General Office of the Ministry of Health on related questions of clinical application management of antibacterial drugs” ( the General Office of the Ministry of Health [2009] NO. 38), combined with the actual situations of antibacterial drugs in clinical use, relevant laws, regulations, and guidances, the evaluation items in the feedback form were studied. Results The study, to a certain extent, contributed to the understanding of evaluation criteria on antimicrobial agent use in clinical application monitoring network of The Ministry of Health for monitoring net members by investigating related questions regarding the evaluation criteria, and will make the evaluation results more consistent. Conclusion The discussion of the evaluation criteria can reduce the deviation of the evaluation results and make the evaluation process more standardized.

Objective To observe the treatment effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with low molecular weight heparin calcium injection in treating deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in lower limb after cesarean section. Methods Seventy-six cases of DVT after cesarean were randomly divided into 2 groups. Thirty-six cases of control group were injected low molecular weight heparin calcium subcutaneously 100 AXaIU/kg twice daily, and forty cases of treatment group were treated with Buyang Huanwu Decoction additionally. After analysing the clinical symptoms and sign before and after treatment, HBV, LBV, PV, FIB, PLT, APTT, TT, PT and indexes of impedance plethysmography, CDFI were observed to evaluate the efficacy. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of treatment group was 97.5%(39/40), and the control group was 77.8%(28/36), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences of hemorheological indexes (HBV, LBV, PV, FIB) and impedance plethysmography indexes between before and after treatment in treatment group were statistically significant (P<0.05), while the differences of blood coagulation indexes (APTT, TT, PT) were not significant (P>0.05). No adverse reaction was found during treatment. Conclusion The treatment of DVT after cesarean section with Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with low molecular weight heparin calcium injection is safe and effective.

Aging changes of somatostatin (SS) mRNA-positive neurons in the dorsal hippocampus of old rats were studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry and image analysis. In the young rats,SS mRNA-positive cell bodies were mainly located in the pyramidal and polymorphic cell layers of the CA1 and CA2 regions, and in the strata radiatum and polymorphic cell layer of the CA3 region, and in the polymorphic cell layer of dentate gyrus. In the old rats,SS mRNA-positive cell bodies were concentrated in the polymorphic cell layer and denate gyrus. A marked decrease of number of SS mRNA-positive cell bodies and a significant increase of gray value of SS mRNA-positive cell bodies were found in the dorsal hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the old rats as compared with the young rats. No significant age difference in the sectional area of SS mRNA-positive cell bodies was observed in the dorsal hippocampus. The results showed that there were apparent changes with aging of the SS mRNA-positive cell bodies in the dorsal hippocampus of the rats. The significance of the changes remains to be studied further.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Bletilla striata polysaccharide ( BSPS) on immunological and chemical liver injury in mice. Methods Thirty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into five groups, including the normal control group,model control group,and low-,middle-,and high-dose BSPS groups (n=6 each).Tail vein injection of ConA was carried out to establish the ConA-induced liver injury model.After different treatments,all the animals were sacrificed,and the plasma levels of ALT and AST were tested.Additionally,sixty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into six groups,including the normal control group,model control group,silymarin group,and low-,middle-,and high-dose BSPS groups (n=10 each).Tail vein injection of CCl4 was performed to establish the CCl4-induced acute liver injury model.After different treatments,the plasma levels of ALT and GSH were tested.The effects of BSPS on the weights of the liver and spleen were examined. Results The levels of ALT and AST were reduced in BSPS-treated mice when compared with those experiencing only ConA-induced liver injury ( model control group) ,and significant difference was found between the middle-and high-dose BSPS groups and the model control group (P<0.01,P<0.05).The weights of the liver and spleen and the level of ALT were reduced in BSPS-treated mice as compared with those with only CCl4-induced acute liver injury (model control group),while the level of GSH was significantly increased in middle-and high-dose BSPS groups (P<0.05). Conclusion BSPS at low,middle,and high doses can prevent against the ConA-induced immunological liver injury and CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice.

Objective To evaluate the effects of fluid resuscitation and large-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) on the Alveolar-arterial oxygen exchange in patients with refractory septic shock. Method A total of 89 intensive care patients with refractory septic shock treated with fluid resuscitation and/or HVHF were enrolled between August 2006 and December 2009. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, patients were treated with fluid resuscitation, n = 41 cases) and in group B, patients were treated with large-volume hemofiltration and fluid resuscitation, n =48). The O2 content of central venous blood(CcvO2), arterial oxygen content (CaO2), Alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (P(A-a)DO2), the ratio of arterial oxygen pressure/alveolar oxygen pressure (PaO2/PAO2), respiratory index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI) were checked. The levels of oxygen exchange in two groups were detected by arterial blood gas analysis before treatnent, 24 hour, 72 hour and 7 days after treatment. The APACHE Ⅱ scores in patients with refractory septic shock were measured before and the 7th day after treatment with HVHF and/or fluid resuscitation respectively. Data were analyzed by using t -test and chi-square test to compare the differences and ratio between two groups and were expressed in mean ± standard deviation, and the analysis of variance was done with SPSS version 12.0 software. Results ① The differences in CcvO2 and CaO2 between two groups were[(0.60±0.24) vs. (0.72±-0.28), P ＜0.05 and (0.84±0.43) vs. (0.94±0.46), P ＜0.05]; and the oxygen extraction rates (O2ER) were significantly different between two groups [(28.7±2.4) vs. (21.7±3.4), P<0.01];② The levels of P(A-a)DO2、ratio of PaO2/PAO2、RI and OI in group B were reduced more significantly than in group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01);③The APACHE Ⅱ scores in both groups were gradually reduced after treatment for 7 days, and the APACHE Ⅱscore in group B on the 7th day of treatment were lower than that in group A[(17.2 ± 6.8) vs. (8.2 ± 3.8), P ＜ 0.01]. Conclusions Fluid resuscitation and HVHF could improve alveolar-arterial-oxygen exchange in patients with refractory septic shock, and at the same time decreased the APACHE Ⅱ scores, improving the survival rate of patients.

Purpose To investigate the clinical, imaging and pathologic characteristics of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.Methods The clinical and pathological data were reviewed in 11 cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.Results Most of these patients were male (7/11). The mean age was 57.1 years.Most tumors were located in the long bone and pelvis. Imaging showed that bones were extensively destroyed.There was calcification or ossification on focus of infection. The gross specimen showed that cartilage component was located within bone and dedifferentiated sarcoma was found out of the bone.Microscopically, well differentiated chondrosarcoma and poorly differentiated sarcoma components were observed. Six patients died and the average survival time was 14 months.Conclusions Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is an unusual subtype of chondrosarcoma with pleomorphic alterations. Further understanding the pathologic features of the tumor is important to increase the accurancy of diagnosis.