To explore the new trends of incidence and treatment patterns of DCIS of the breast. Methods: 479 patients with DCIS of the breast, who were diagnosed and treated between 1982 and 1995, formed the population for this study. Retrospective study has been done via charts review. Results: The percentage of DCIS of the breast of all the breast cancer patients has steadily increased from 3.3% in 1982 to 17.35% in 1995. The upward trends are observed in all age groups above 40 years, but chiefly in the age group of 40-49 years, whose rates is higher than those of other age groups. Trends in management of DCIS patients include a decreasing reliance on mastectomy (from 100% to 21.95%) and increasing utilization of excision with or without irradiation (from 0% to 78.05%). Conclusion: In the last two decades, DCIS of the breast represents an increasing percentage of all breast cancer diagnoses. The percentage of DCIS of the breast had been steadily increasing between 1982 and 1995. The trend suggests a slightly younger patient population as compared with our entire breast cancer population. Mostly the conserving surgery with radiation therapy is the first choice for DCIS of the breast.

Retinoblastoma 94(RB94)gene,a new tumor suppressor gene,is found in the past several years.It has been found that Rb94 gene has a more powerful antitumor effection compared with Rb110gene.After transfection,Rb94 gene could adjust telomerase activation,induce apoptosis and regulate cell cycle.It also has a synergistic action associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicities of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 127 patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma in our department from January 2008 to January 2011,who were divided into two groups:conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(RCT) group,69 patients and radiotherapy(RT)group,58 patients. The side effects,quality of life and effective rates of them were compared. Results The severe rate of the marrow toxic effect and the incidences of radia-tion-induced esophagitis were higher in the RCT group(29. 0% vs 12. 1% ,χ2 = 5. 387,P = 0. 020;24. 6% vs 10. 3% ,χ2 = 4. 341,P = 0. 037). Patients in the RT group had better quality of life than those in the RCT group in gastrointestinal side effects(nausea,vomiting,diarrhea)and food intake(73. 9% vs 12. 1% ,χ2 =48. 574,P = 0. 000;43. 5% vs 25. 9% ,χ2 = 4. 274,P = 0. 039). In the RCT group,the effective rate was 91. 30%(63 / 69)and 72. 41 %(42 / 58)in the RT group,with a statistical significance(χ2 = 7. 852,P =0. 005). Conclusion Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma can improve the short-term curative effects,but it also increase the acute toxic effect. Further follow-up studies are needed for its long-term effect.

At present,the technology to predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy with biomakers has been widely used in clinical practice.The approaches of biomarkers detection are various,including immunohistochemistry,detection of serum biomarkers conventional blood tests,gene expression profile analysis,single nucleotide polymorphisms,miRNAs,proteomics analysis.With the development of biotechnology,the technology of biomarkers detection is expected to become effective means in assessment of adjuvant therapy,risk,prognosis and individualization in esophageal cancer treatment.

Objective:To examine postural control between normal and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)boys,and compare the development characters.Methods:In the study,146 ADHD boys and 84 normal boys participated,ages being between 7 and 12 years.Balance Master was used to assess posture control.Posture stabilities were tested under 4 different conditions(firm surface with eyes open,firm surface with eyes closed,foam pad with eyes open,foam pad with eyes closed).We tested three times for one condition,20 s per time.The mean sway velocity was recorded.Results:(1)Normal boys:In firm surface with eyes open,analyses of variance between normal boys revealed no significant differences between different age groups,and the 11-and 12-year-old group did not achieve scores comparable to the adult(t=6.145,P

Hypofractionated three-dimensional confornul radiotherapy (3DCRT) makes it possible to further improve loeal control,overall survival and the quality of life for the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).But the dose-fractionation and total dose are not yet clear,which need further study.Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage NSCLC patients is well tolerated and results in excellent local control and overall survival.SBRT is expected to become a new standard treatment in patients with early stage NSCLC.

Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment method for esophageal cancer. Cene expression profile of cancer cells may be one of key factors in determining the effectiveness of radiation therapy To provide guidance for individual therapy, research advances in gene expression involved in radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer are discussed from three aspects: radiation damage repair, cell cycle distribution and signal traneduetion.

The esophageal cancer mouse models have three categories:chemical carcinogenesis model,xenograft tumor model and genetic engineering model.Chemical carcinogenesis model can simulate well the pathological processes of human esophageal cancer and is prepared simply.Xenograft tumor model is currently the most commonly used esophageal cancer animal model,which has advantages of rapid tumor formation,higher tumor formation rate and lower cost.Genetic engineering model involves mainly p53,Cyclin D1,Brca1 and p120ctn,and it helps to understand the biological characteristics of tumors,but it is expensive and the preparation time is long.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the levels of the spontaneous apoptosis index(SAI),expressions of P53 and the radiosensitivity of rectal carcinoma.Methods:Thirty-six patients with rectal carcinoma who received preoperative radiotherapy were registered in this study.Specimens were obtained by biopsy before irradiation and after operation.The apoptotic index(AI) of each tissue specimen was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphophate nick-labling (TUNEL) assay and expressed as a percentage,Immunohistochemical evaluation for P53 and the radiosensitivity of the tumor was also peformed.Results:Consistent low levels of spontaneous apoptosis were observed in all specimens evaluated,the mean AI of spontaneous apoptosis was 0.98%+/-0.31%;There was an inverse correlation between SAI and the expression of P53 protein(r=0.72,P0.98% was significantly higher than that of SAI

Objective To probe the changes of RAGEmRNA expression in renal tissue of.streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used in control rats and diabetic rats for 12 weeks. Results After 4 weeks of diabetes inducement, RACEmRNA level showed a continuous increase both in diabetic renal cortex and medulla. However, this enhancement could not be observed in 2 weeks of diabetes. In addition, after 8 weeks diabetic rats had significantly higher glycated Hb(GHb). Conclusion Gene expression of RAGE in renal tissue of diabetic rats is altered and the excessive gene expression of RAGE may enhance the AGEs-RAGE interactions which would contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, this change occurs as a result of hyperglycemia-induced AGEs formation.