Objective To evaluate the clinical value of tumor chemosensitivity test in the guidance of the advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy.Methods Women with ovarian cancer were enrolled and fresh tissue samples were collected for chemoresponse testing.Oncologists chose a drug for each patient according to the patient’ s condition by double blind method.Each treatment was classified by the assay as: sensitivity (S); moderate sensitivity (I);resistant (R).Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were detection.The relationship between treatment response and PFS or OS was analysis.Results 262 patients were enrolled.The PFS and OS were significantly improved in sensitivity patients (S) after chemotherapy,but no significant difference were found in I and R groups.In I+R groups (HR=0.66,P=0.008) , median PFS was 8.9 months, OS was 5.8 months.Chemotherapy response test results was consistent with clinical results cisplatin sensitive and resistant ( HR:0.72 vs.0.66).Multi factor regression analysis showed that tumor chemosensitivity test was independent prognostic factors (HR =0.66, P =0.021).The average OS extended for 14 months (37.6 months for the S group vs.group I +R 23.8 months,HR =0.62, P =0.011).Conclusion Tumor chemosensitivity assay is correlated with the clinical effects and might play an important role in guiding the recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer patients with individualized chemotherapy.

Objective This study aims to investigate the mutation spectrum and frequency of GJB2 , mtDNA12SrRNA,and SLC26A4 genes in Hui people,Tibetan,Tu nationality,and Mongolian patients with non-syndromic hearing loss in Qinghai province.Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 211 minority patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss in Qinghai province to extract genomic DNA.Three genes of GJB2,mitochondrialDNA12SrRNA,and SLC26A4 were screened for mutations in our study cohort using SNPscan technology.Results Among these 211 patients,5 Tu patients and 1 Mongolian patient were found to carry the ho-moplasmic mtDNAA1555G mutation.The GJB2 mutations detection rates were 11.38%,4.55%,5.88%,and 10%in Hui people,Tibetan,Tu nationality,and Mongolian patients,respectively.No statistically significant differences in the GJB2 mutations detection rates were found among all four ethnicities (P>0.05).c.235delC was the most prevalent mutation in both Tu patients and Mongolian patients.The allele frequency was 2.94% and 5%,respec-tively.While for Hui patients,c.299 300delAT was the most prevalent mutation with the allele frequency of 4.47%.The mutations detection rates of SLC26A4 were 6.5%,4.55%and 2.94%in Hui people,Tibetan,and Tu nationality patients,respectively.No statistically significant differences in the SLC26A4 mutations detection rates were found among all three ethnicities (P>0.05).c.235delC was the most prevalent mutation in Hui patients,the allele frequency was 2.44%.While for Tibetan patients,c.1226G>A was the most prevalent mutation with allele frequency of 2.27%.Conclusion A total of 10.9% of deaf patients have inherited hearing impairment caused by GJB2,SLC26A4,and mtDNAA1555G mutations.The mutation spectrum of GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes has the eth-nic specificity in nonsyndromic hearing loss patients of minority ethnicities in Qinghai province.

Objective To analyze the feature of SLA specific T cell response in AIH. Methods Thirtyone cases of AIH were enrolled by investigating T-cell reactivity against chemically synthesized peptides spanning the full SLA protein using ELISpot. The 31 cases of AIH included 10 anti-SLA/LP positive cases and 21 negative cases. The control groups included 30 PBC patients, 29 chronic viral hepatitis patients and 30 healthy cases. The secretion of IFN-γ after PBMC stimulated by SLA peptides was observed. Results Eighteen of 31 cases with AIH [56. 08 % ( 18/31 ) ] showed the positive response to SLA peptide pools, and only 1 of 30 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (3.34%) and 1 of 29 patients with virus hepatitis ( 3.44% ), could be elicited responses by SLA peptide pools. There wasn't positive response in healthy eases. The response frequency to SLA peptides in AIH group was significantly higher than those in PBC cases, chronic viral hepatitis cases and healthy cases (X2 = 21. 295, 20. 655, 15.988, P < 0. 01 ). Amongst 18 AIH patients with positive responds to SLA pool, 8 antigen clusters including aa 1-44, aa 57-132, an 129-180,aa 177-196, aa 193-244, aa 241-268, aa 281-308 and aa 321-428 were highlighted. The mean number of recognized peptides was 6 (2-17), indicating the polyclonal feature. Fourteen of 18 AIH patients with positive response to SLA peptides were subjected to live function test simultaneously when PBMC were collected. There was significant correlation between the breadth of recognized poptides and AST ( logarithm, r = 0. 539, P = 0. 045). Conclusions SLA peptides can induce PBMC in peripheral blood of AIH patients to secrete IFN-γ and it is polyclonal response. The breadth of recognized peptides may reflect the degree of liver inflammation.

Objective To explore the relationship between adrenarche and gonadarche.Methods Total 49 idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP)girls,whose serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)Z scores for chronological age were higher than+2 s at diagnosis.were enrolled.Physical examinations during pubertal stage were repeated at 3-6 months intervals,and serum DHEAS levels were monitored yearly within an average period of 4.08 years.Of them,16 girls were followed up until more than one year after discontinuation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa)treatment.Results Before GnRHa treatment,these49 girls presented a younger average age at attainment of pubic hair stage2(PH2)and pubic hair stage3(PH3)than normal(8.07 years vs 11.16 years,8.82 years vs 12.40 years respectively).During GnRHa treatment,the intervals between PH2 and PH3,PH3 and pubic hair stage4(PH4),breast stage 2(B2),and PH2 were longer than normal(1.69 years vs 0.83 years,1.64 years vs 0.60 years,and3.62 years vs 0.76 years respectively).The intervals between PH2 and PH3,as well as B2 and PH2 during GnRHa treatment were also longer than that before GnRHa treatment(1.69 years/35 0.88 years,3.62 years vs 1.13 years respectively).The serum DHEAS Z scores decreased during GnRHa treatment,and increased significantly after GnRHa cessation.Conclusion Gonadarche after age of 6-year-old may lead to earlier adrenarehe.GnRHa treatment might slow down the progression of adrenarche and suppress the hypothalamuspituitary-gonadal axis.

Objective To observe the effect of the application of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) network platform in the information management of the patients with PICC.Methods Altogether 17 254 outpatients receiving PICC maintenance in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2012 to April 2013 were enrolled as the control group,including 7 227 males and 10 027 females,with the median age of 58 years (12-85 years).A total of 20 384 outpatients from April 2013 to April 2014 with PICC were selected as the observation group,including 8 188 males and 12 196 females,~th the median age of 59 years (13-86 years).Those patients all received PICC maintenance in outpatient clinic during the intermission of therapy after PICC insertion.The time of data entry,the integrity of the data,description accuracy about complications,and normalization of wording were compared between the two groups.Results The average time of data entry in the control group was (46 ± 6) seconds,significantly longer than that in the observation group [(12 ± 5) seconds,t =562.660,P ＜ 0.05].In terms of the integrity of the data,there were 11 732 cases of complete data,3 623 cases of less complete data,and 1 899 cases of incomplete data in the control group;while the numbers of cases of complete data,less complete data,and incomplete data in the observation group were 19 568,725,and 91,respectively,showing significant difference compared with the control group (x2 =5 312.000,P ＜ 0.05).In the description accuracy about complications,the control group had 11 840 accurately described cases and 5 414 inaccurately described cases,while the observation group had 18 427 accurately described cases and 1 957 inaccurately described cases (x2 =2 814.000,P ＜ 0.05).The wording was standard in 15 280 cases but not standard in 1 974 cases in the control group,and standard in 19 659 cases and not standard in 725 cases in the observation group,with significant inter-group difference (x2 =872.600,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Simple and convenient data summary could help quality control and quality analysis,preferably guarantee the safety of catheter insertion and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of early ambulation in patients with acute deep ve-nous thrombosis. Methods The literatures about early ambulation for acute venous thrombosis were collected and the quality of the literature was evaluated by two investigators independently. Results Thirteen published studies were recruited for systematic review,including 10 RCTs and 3 CCTs. The meta-analysis showed that compared with bed rest,early ambulation did not increase the incidence of secondary pulmonary embolism in patients with acute DVT[early activity:22/1408;bed rest:34/1417;RR=0.62,95%CI(0.37,1.03),and the incidence of DVT progression [early activity:48/1523;bed rest:45/1525;RR=0.85,95%CI(0.58,1.24)]. There were no statistically significant differ-ences in mortality,swelling,and pain relief in acute DVT patients. Conclusion Early ambulation did not increase the incidence of thrombus progression and secondary pulmonary embolism in patients with acute DVT compared with bed rest. Besides,early ambulation cannot relieve symptoms of swelling and pain in DVT patients. However,it can relieve the acute pain of DVT patients with moderate to severe pain.

Objective To understand how serum DHEAS levels change with sex,age and stage of sexual maturation in children and adolescents and explore the relationship between adrenarche and pubertal maturatiotL Methods Serum samples from 120 healthy boys,198 healthy girls and 152 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) were examined for DHEAS.Referenee ranges for healthy children and adolescents and statistical difierences between heahhy girls and ICPP girls were analyzed with respect to sex,age and stage of sexual maturation.Results Both healthy children and ICPP girls showed extremely low levels of serum DHEAS and they were not related to sex.age or tanner stages in the individuals below age of 6 years.Serum DHEAS levels were positively related to both age (above age of 6 years)and tanner stage in healthy groups(r=0.69 and 0.71 respectively,P＜0.01).After the onset of puberty,serum DHEAS levels appeared to be higher in boys than that in girls within the same tanner stage(P＜0.05).Within the individusis in the same age group with same sex.serum DHEAS levels increased along with pubertal development.While within the individuals in same tanner stage group with salne sex after puberty onset.serum DHEAS levels showed no significant difference among different age groups.For example.there was no difference in serum DHEAS levels of healthy girls in tanner stage Ⅲ among different age subgroups(age of8-9;age of 10-11,age of 12-13)and the mean vallie of serum DHEAS was 532.0-557.8μg/L(F=0.21,P=0.98).In different age subgroups above age of 6 years,Z scores for serum DHEAS in ICPP girls were highher than them healthy ones with advanced tanner stages(0.97us-0.1 and 1.39us-0.08,JP≤0.01)In different tanner stage subgroups.Z scores for serum DHEAS showed no difierence between healthy and ICPP girls despite apparent different age ranges(0.00 us-0.31-0.18,P＞0.05).Conclusions Serum DHEAS level increased along with both age (above 6 years) and tanner stage in healthy children and adolescents.There was no gender difference until the onset of puberty.It was demonstrated that adrenache and gonadarche were related to each other.Reference ranges for adolescents should be interpreted according to sex.age and tanner stage simultaneously.

Objective To study the significance of antibody to double-stranded DNA (anti- dsDNA) in autoimmune hepatitis(AIH). Methods Anti-dsDNA were detected by immunological blotting. According to the anti-dsDNA, the patients were separated two groups: anti-dsDNA positive group and anti-dsDNA negative group. The clinical characteristics were compared between anti-dsDNA positive AIH group and negative group. Results Among the 43 serum samples, 13 (30.23%) eases with anti-dsDNA positive were found. The average level of AST(aspartate aminotransferase) and TBIL(total bilirubin) were (647.56 ±529.77) IU/L and (10.81± 8.08) rag/L, respectively, which was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). PTA (prothrombin activity) was 75.72%± 30.23 %, lower than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The liver cirrhosis rate in the anti-dsDNA positive AIH group was 61.5% (8/13), ,significantly higher than that of the control group. The time from the onset to liver cirrhosis was significantly shorter in an- ti-dsDNA positive AIH group than that of control group by the survival analysis and log rank test (P = 0. 0074). Conclusion AIH patients with anti-dsDNA positive generally associate with the serious liver damage, and prognosis is worse.

Objective To study the effect on body mass index ( BMI ) caused by treatment with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs ( GnRHa) in girls with central precocious puberty ( CPP) or early and fast puberty ( EFP ) . Methods The BMI in 318 girls ( 227 CPP and 91 EFP ) treated with GnRHa alone was analyzed. Among them 89 were followed up to their final adult height. Results Before GnRHa treatment was started, thegirlswithCPPandEFPhadameanBMIstandarddeviationscore(SDS)forchronologicalage(BMISDSCA)of0.39 ±0.84andforboneage(BMISDSBA)of-0.11±0.69. Attheendoftreatment,themeanBMISDSCAwas0.59±1.01 and BMISDSBA was 0. 24 ± 0. 89, both were significantly higher than those at initiation. The increment in BMISDSBA (0.38±0.50)wasgreaterthanthatinBMISDSCA(0.21±0.56). Moreover,theratioofoverweight(BMI>85%)was significantly elevated. BMISDSCA of 89 girls who were visited at their final adult height was 0. 17 ± 1. 15, which was similar with BMISDS at initiation and in normal population. Conclusion The mean BMISDSCA of CPP and EFP was significantly higher than the general population, while BMISDSBA was significantly lower. During GnRHa treatment, BMISDS tended to be elevated. But it was reversible, for the mean BMISDS was back to normal at final adult height.

The genus Xestospongia is one of the most widespread genera of sponges, containing abundant secondary metatolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities. The main structure types of secondary metatolites found in this genus are alkaloids, quinines, terpens, steroids, lipids, polyketones, etc. These metatolites exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. This paper reviews the progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of the second metabolities from sponges of Xestospongia, especially for recent five years, with the aim for further research.