Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of interleukin2 (IL-2 ) in the treatment of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection( RRTI). Methods 160 children with RRTI from Mar 2005 to June 2008 in our hospital were divided into experimental group (n =80) and control group (n =80) randomly. IL-2 was given by hypodermic injection in experimental group and the other was treated with oral transfer factor. Then the clinical efficacy in two.groups was observed. Results The effects in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group(P <0.01). Conclusion IL-2 could enhance immunity and reduce the incidence rate of RRTI in children patients. The effects were superior to those patients treated with oral transfer factor.

Objective To explore the importance of diabetic education and hypoglycemia nursing for population with high risk of hypoglycemia through analysis of the personal factors influencing incidence of hypoglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients during initial use of insulin.Methods There were 257 cases of T2DM hospitalized patients during initial use of insulin,among whom 80 experienced hypoglycemia.They were divided into two groups,one was the hypoglycemia group,another was the non-hypoglycemia group.Firstly,we compared the different characteristics of the two groups such as gender,BMI and HbAlc,and so on.And then,the possible risk factors of hypoglycemia were analyzed by a Logistic regression model.Finally,the most significant factors were analyzed with the ROC curve.Results These two groups were obviously different in seven elements such as BMI,Scr,HbAlc and TG,and so on.BMI and HbAlc were the most primary causes for prevention of hypoglycemia.When patients got HbAlc＜8.65％ or BMI＜26.3 kg/m2,they had more opportunity to occur hypoglycemia.Conclusions BMI and HbAlc of patients are primary causes for hypoglycemia.It is of great significance for nurses to enhance diabetes education to the patients with HbAlc＜8.65％ or BMI＜26.3 kg/m2 to alleviate the incidence of hypoglycemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of intensive control of residual amount in stomach on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP)during the process of enteral nutrition. Methods 96 patients with mechanical ventilation(MV) more than 48 hours were randomly divided into the case group and the control group, they were treated with intensive control and common control of residual amount in stomach respectively. The incidence rate of VAP, mortality rate, time of ventilation and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of VAP was 20.83% in the case group and mortality rate was 18.75%,the time of MV was(15.21±2.36)days, the hospitalization time was(22.38±12.34)days. The incidence rate of VAP wag 39.58%.mortality rate was 39.58%,the time of MV wag(19.85±4.58)days, the hospitalization time was(29.46±15.24)days in the control group. Conclusions Intensive control of residual amount in stomach could be helpful to decrease the incidence of VAP and mortality rate of patients with mechanical ventilation using nasal feeding, also shorten the time of MV and the hospitalization time.

Objective To estimate brain grey matter volume changes and location of abnormal brain regions cerebrum in early stage of bipolar disorder I (BD),in order to provided objective basis for diagnosing early stages BD.Methods 1 7 cases of BD with duration less than 2 years and 1 7 normal controls were recruited in this study.The volumetric difference of grey matter between two groups were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)software.Statistical threshold was voxel> 100,P <0.001 (uncor-rected).Results Compared to the normal controls,the grey matter volume of BD patients decreased in the left dorcial anterior cingu-late cortex(ACC),left insular,right sub-genu ACC,left superior temporal cortex,bilateral hippocampus-parahippocampus-amydala and left posterior lobe of cerebellum(P <0.001).Conclusion The grey matter volume of early stage BD patients is decreased,main-ly locating in the bilateral limbic system,the superior temporal gyrus and the cerebellar cortex,which probably is the morphological appearance of pathomechanism in early stages of BD.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and gene subtypes among women in Qingdao form 2015 to 2019, so as to provide scientific support for the prevention and treatment of HPV related cervical cancer in Qingdao.Methods:A total of 26396 female cervical exfoliated cell specimens were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to October 2019, then 17 high-risk HPV genotypes and 6 low-risk HPV genotypes were detected by PCR and reverse dot blot in vitro, and prevalence and year, genotype and age distribution were analyzed.Results:The total prevalence of HPV was 18.17%. The prevalence of single infection, double infection and multiple infection were 13.41%, 3.40% and 1.35% respectively. The infection rate of 7 high-risk subtypes (HPV52, 16, 58, 53, 56, 51, 68) and 3 low-risk subtypes (HPV81, 42, 43) exceeded 1%. The HPV prevalence of different age groups was significantly different and the prevalence showed a bimodal pattern among different age groups. There were two peaks in the ≤25 years group and 46-50 years group, which were 23.61% and 19.63% respectively. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution among different age groups.Conclusions:The cervical HPV infection rate of women in Qingdao is at a medium level, and single infection is the main pattern in different genotypes and age groups. In addition to the vaccine coverage subtypes, the prevalence of other subtypes such as HPV 53, 56, 51 and 68 in this region is also high. Therefore, regular HPV screening is still needed after vaccination to find out HPV genotypes which are not covered by the vaccine. It is suggested that the government optimize the HPV vaccine coverage genotypes to prevent the occurrence of HPV infection associated with cervical cancer.

Objective? To explore the application of action research method in optimizing informationized disease management system on venous thromboembolism(VTE) and to improve the VTE disease management. Methods? By convenience sampling, 50 nurses and 235 patient profiles in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2015 to March 2017. According to the framework of action research method, firstly, the problems of VTE disease management system were clarified, and the system improvement plan was designed and implemented by means of literature review and expert meeting, etc. Through the two cycle processes of plan-action-observation-reflection (the first round and the second round), the informationized VTE disease system was continuously improved. The observation indicators were the completeness rate of patient profiles content, the accuracy rate of Caprini risk assessment, the accuracy rate of arm/leg circumference measurement, the filling time of reporting part and the filling time of daily tracking part. The data collection time was before intervention, after the first and second rounds of intervention. Results? Through the first round of action research, we improved the VTE information disease management system, and raised the content integrity rate of the reporting system from 72.00% to 100.00%; the correct rate of risk assessment from 68.00% to 91.11%, and the correct rate of arm/leg circumference measurement from 62.00% to 97.04%, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Through the second round of action research, the intelligence of the system increased, the filling time of the reporting part shortened from (107.32±8.07) s to (80.50±7.25) s, and the filling time of the daily tracking part shortened from (53.38 ± 6.37)s to (29.08 ±4.65)s, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions? Action research method is an effective way to solve practical and multi-disciplinary cooperation problems. Based on action research method, improving and optimizing VTE disease management system can be applied to clinical practice and improve the quality of disease management.

Objective? To explore the cognition of nurses in high-risk surgical departments for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods? Totally 464 nurses in surgical departments at high risk of VTE (departments of orthopedics, general surgery, neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and critical care medicine) from 11 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) nationwide who attended the seminar on nursing by the Chinese Nursing Association in September 2017 were investigated with VTE Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire for Clinical Nurses to understand their knowledge about basic, physical and drug prevention for VTE. Results? The cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments scored (13.51±3.42), standing at a medium level. In particular, the knowledge about physical prevention was unsatisfactory, which scored (5.71±2.18). The cognition score of VTE prevention varied in nurses of different departments, and the cognition of VTE prevention of nurses from departments of general surgery, orthopedics and critical care medicine was relatively better. Multivariate analysis revealed that educational background was an independent risk factor for the cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments (OR=1.630,95%CI:1.035-2.567). Conclusions? The cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments is unsatisfactory and cannot meet the needs of clinical work. Targeted training should be provided according to the weak links in the cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments to improve the quality of VTE prevention and nursing, thus reducing the incidence rate of perioperative VTE in these patients.

Objective To analyze and explore the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) based on the Caprini Risk Assessment Model, so as to provide basis for nurses to identify the risk factors of VTE. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016, a total of 329 patients who were diagnosed with VTE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method. All the research subjects were assessed using Caprini Risk Assessment Model, analyzing the major risk factors for VTE. The risk factors of different gender, different site of thrombosis and different age group were compared and analyzed, and the characteristics of the risk factors were discussed. Results The top 10 risk factors in Caprini Risk Assessment Model were: bed time> 72 h, BMI≥25 kg/m2, age between 41 to 60 years old, age between 61 to 74 years old, surgery (> 45 minutes), lower extremity edema, surgery (within 1 month), medical patient in bed, age≥ 75 years old and abnormal lung function (COPD). Further analysis found that abnormal lung function (COPD) was an important risk factor for men (χ2=7.695, P=0.006); surgery (> 45 minutes) and lower extremity edema were important risk factors for distal deep vein thrombosis (χ2=17.699, 30.853; P< 0.001); bedridden time> 72 h was an important risk factor for the elderly (χ2=5.583, P=0.015); deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism history was an important risk factor for the young (χ2=5.584, P=0.018). Conclusions VTE probably occur in patients over 40 years old, and male patients with abnormal lung function (COPD). Large operations (>45 min) and lower extremity edema have a lower score in the Caprini Risk Assessment Model, however, they are meaningful for the formation of proximal thrombosis, which could not be ignored. The elderly patients are more likely to form thrombosis when their bed time is more than 72 hours. Young and middle-aged patients need to be vigilant for recurrent thrombosis. VTE risk assessment needs to be evaluated for the characteristics of different individuals.

Objective To investigate the trend of C-reactive protein in patients underwent total knee arthroplasty, and to seek the best time to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in order to guide clinical nursing. Methods A total of 1 316 patients underwent total knee arthroplasty from January 2015 to December 2017 were studied to observe the occurrence of DVT. Patients were divided into DVT group (n=297) and non-DVT group (n=1 019). The C-reactive protein was compared between the two groups before operation, 1 to 7 days and 14 days after operation. Results Within 3 months after operation, the incidence of DVT in total knee arthroplasty patients was 22.57% (297/1 316). Symptomatic DVT occurred in 34 patients during hospitalization and asymptomatic DVT occurred in 263 patients within 3 months after operation. The levels of C-reactive protein in the DVT group were higher than those in the non-DVT group since the 3rd day after operation, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions The level of C-reactive protein in patients with DVT is higher than that in patients without DVT. Medical staff should use various measures to prevent DVT, and dynamically observe changes in C-reactive protein to facilitate the early identification of DVT.

Objective To investigate and analyze surgical nurses' knowledge of nursing care for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 2015 and 2017 by this multicenter study. Methods Surgical nurses from 29 provinces and municipalities in China were investigated with the VTE prevention knowledge questionnaire designed for clinical nurses on the annual conference of the Chinese Nursing Association respectively from June to August 2015 and from October to December 2017. The results of these two investigations were compared. Results Totally 2 285 surgical nurses were investigated in 2017, whose average score was (50.97±11.529); while a total of 2 656 surgical nurses were investigated in 2015, whose average score was [(46.89±11.453), (t=7.568, P＜ 0.01)]. The scoring rate for physical and drug prophylaxis was lower than 60% in both investigations. Conclusions Surgical nurses show a higher level of VTE knowledge in 2017 than in 2015, but their mastery of such knowledge is still imbalanced. Hospital managers should pursue new training models and continue to popularize VTE-related knowledge in order to enhance VTE-related knowledge in surgical nurses and improve the quality of clinical nursing care.