A novel chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was based on the oxidizing reaction of luminol by the trivalent copper-periodate complex (K5[Cu(HIO6)2], DPC) in alkaline medium. The CL intensity could be enhanced in the presence of amikacin sulfate (AKS). A new CL method was developed for the determination of AKS by coupling with flow injection (FI) technology. Because of the distinctive oxidative effect of DPC, the luminol-based CL reaction could occur at a low concentration of 10à7 M. The relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of AKS in the range of 4.0 ? 10à9-4.0 ? 10à6 g/mL with the detection limit of 1.2 ? 10à9 g/mL. The relative standard deviation was 2.1% for 8.0 ? 10à9 g/mL AKS (n?9). The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of AKS at the level of ng/mL in serum samples. The recovery varied from 97.0% to 106.3%. A possible mechanism of the CL reaction was discussed in detail by relating to the CL kinetic characteristics and electrochemical activities of the oxidant DPC.

A flow-injection chemiluminescence ( FI-CL ) reaction system with diperiodatoargentateⅢ was developed for the determination of hydrocortisone in human serum. The weak chemiluminescence signal from the reaction between DPA and sulfuric acid system can be greatly enhanced in the presence of hydrocortisone. The optimal conditions of the CL system were 1. 0 mol/L H2SO4, 2. 5×10-4 mol/L diperiodatoargentateⅢ, and flow rate of 4. 20 mL/min. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity was linearly to the concentration of hydrocortisone from 3 . 0 × 10-10 g/mL to 1 . 0 × 10-7 g/mL and the detection limit was 2 . 2 × 10-10 g/mL ( 3σ) . The relative standard deviation ( RSD ) was 0 . 6% ( n =11 ) for 5 . 0 × 10-8 g/mL hydrocortisone solution. The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of hydrocortisone in serum samples with the recoveries of 93 . 0%-110 . 0%, and the relative standard deviations were 0 . 3%-3 . 2%. The possible chemiluminescence mechanism was investigated by measuring fluorescence spectra and UV-vis absorption spectra of the system.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria types and distribution characteristics of critical patients with lower respiratory tract infection in neurosurgery department,and to analyze the high risk fac?tors of lower respiratory tract infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 80 cases of critical patients with lower respiratory tract infection in neurosurgery department of General Hospital of People Liberation Army from April 2013 to April 2014 was carried out. The pathogenic bacteria types and distribution characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed by means of bacterial identification,and single factor and multi factor Lo?gistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the related factors of lower respiratory tract infection.Results One hundred and thirty?four strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured from sputum of 80 cases of patients. Among which the gram negative bacteria were 109 strains,accounting for 81.34%(109/134),while the Gram positive bacteria were 17 strains,accounting for 12.69%(17/134) and the fungi were 2 strains,accounting for 1.49%(2/134).The proportion of three kinds of pathogenic bacteria had statistical significance(P=0.004, 0.001). The single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that,younger age,use of ventilator,use of antimi?crobial drugs and pulmonary infection rate were protective factors of lung infection(OR(95%CI)=0.586(0.475-0.722),0.708(0.574-0.873),0.827(0.697-0.981);P=0.043,0.007,0.000);disturbance of consciousness, tracheotomy,insert gastric tube, surgery and pulmonary infection incidence were risk factors for lung infection (OR(95%CI)=4.769(1.069-21.276),11.612(5.438-24.792),22.989(19.385-27.263),10.426(8.789-12.361);P=0.001,0.008,0.005,0.002).The multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the trachea incision, the consciousness and the lower respiratory tract infection (OR(95%CI)=4.627(2.143-20.645),10.412(2.334-46.455);P=0.009,0.002).Conclusion Patients with conscious disturbance and tracheotomy were more likely to have lower respiratory tract infections. The pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections are Gram?negative bacteria,and the majority of pathogens are high resistance, and it is multi drug resistance.

A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method free of CL reagent was developed for the determination of captopril based on its enhancing effect on the CL derived from diperiodatoargentate(III)-sulfuric acid system. Compared with the conventional CL system, the CL system based on trivalent silver was characterized of good selectivity for the absence of CL reagent. The CL mechanism was discussed through CL spectra and UV–vis absorption spectra. The conditions of the FI-CL system were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the relative CL intensity was linear with the captopril concentration in the range of 0.3–15.0 μg/mL. The detection limit for captopril was 0.05 μg/mL, and the relative standard deviation (n=11) was 2.0% for 5.0 μg/mL captopril. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of captopril in tablet and human urine with the recoveries of 83.1%–112.5%, and the relative standard deviations of 0.5%–4.4%. The results obtained by the proposed method agreed well with those obtained from HPLC method. The proposed method is fast, convenient, and cost-effective for the determination of captopril in medicine and biological samples.

The positive rate of autoantibodies was 29.7% in 1617 diabetic patients. The positive rate of monoautoantibody was lower than that of combined assay with 3 autoantibodies. Combined assay of multiple autoantibodies may enhance the positivity of early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) may be a better screening test for predicting insulin dependency, the prediction of GADA combined with protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody may approximate to 100%, whereas islet cell antibody assay may be needed in the adolescent patients.

Objective To explore the emotional socialization development between boys and girls aged 1-3 years. Methods A total of 1008 children were randomly selected with 571 boys and 437 girls. Chinese version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assess-ment (CITSEA) was used to assess the emotional socialization development situation between boys and girls. Results There were statistical-ly significant differences between boys and girls in the overt behavior domain and ability domain of CITSEA (t>2.136, P<0.05), and was not in the covert behavior domain and imbalance domain (t<1.172, P>0.05). Conclusion There are gender differences in emotional socialization development of children.

Trimethoprim molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared as the coating of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and applied to the trace analysis of trimethoprim and three sulfonamides in complex samples.The MIP-coating was about 21.5 μm thickness with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 5.9％ (n=10).It was homogeneous and dense with good thermal and chemical stability.The extraction capability of the MIP-coating was 1.7 times over that of the non imprinted polymer (NIP) coating.The MIP coating exhibited selective adsorption ability to sulfonamides,triazines and methotrexate besides antibacterial synergists.The methods for the determination of trimethoprim and three sulfonamides by MIP-coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with HPLC were developed.It was successfully applied to the trace trimethoprim analysis in spiked urine and plasma samples.The linear range was 5 to 200 μg/L and the detection limit was 1.6 μg/L.The recoveries in urine and plasma samples were 84.5％ to 91.7％ with RSDs of 2.9％ -4.4％,71.9％ to 85.1％ with RSDs of 3.0％ -7.3％,respectively.The trimethoprim MIP-coated stir bar was also applied to the trace sulfonamides analysis in spiked milk sample.The linear range was 10-200 μg/L,the detection limit was within the range of 4.5-6.1 μg/L,and the recovery was 83.2％ - 110.2％ with RSDs of 4.1％ -8.0％.

Objective To evaluate the release of leucine-enkephalin (L-EK) in the cerebrospinal fluid induced by intrathecal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells modified with human preproenkephalin (hPPE)gene and the analgesic efficacy of L-EK for bone cancer pain.Methods Forty CIBP female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into transplantation (CIBP+ hPPE/HEK293,n =20) and control (CIBP + HEK293,n =20)groups using a random number table.At 1 day before inoculation of cancer cells (T1,baseline) and 8,15,21,25,32 and 35 days after inoculation (T2-7),thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) was measured,and the number of licking/biting the claw on the transplantated side and degree of hindlimb limping during free activities were recorded.After observation at T4,10 rats were chosen from each group and sacrificed and the cerebrospinal fluid of rats was collected in an ice bath for detection of hPPE expression using radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with control group,TWL was significantly prolonged,the concentration of L-EK in the cerebrospinal fluid was increased,and the number of licking/biting the claw on the transplantated side and degree of hindlimb limping during free activities were decreased at T4-7 in transplantation group.Conclusion Intrathecal HEK293 cells modified with hPPE gene can continuously secrete L-EK and mitigate bone cancer pain.

Objective To study the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue liraglutide played in the proliferation of CD4+CD25 T cells in normal people and newly-onset type 1 diabetic patients,and to evaluate the possible immune regulatory role of liraglutide in the therapy of type 1 diabetes.Methods CD4+ CD25-T cells of 10 normal people and 10 newly-onset type 1 diabetic patients were separated from peripheral blood by MACS immunomagnetic beads and stimulated by Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 Dynabeads to proliferate.CFSE labeling technique was used to evaluate the proliferation of CD4+ CD25-T cells by flow cytometry.Liraglutide of different concentrations(0,25,50,and 100 nmol/ml) was added to the proliferation system,then the proliferation of CD4+CD25-T cell was measured.Results (1) Liraglutide suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ CD25-T cells from either normal people or type 1 diahetic patients with dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Under the different concentrationsofliraglutide,the proliferation ofCD4+CD25 T cells from diabetic patients was mueh more robust than that of normal people (P＜0.01).(3) The inhibitory effects of liraglutide on CD4+ CD25-T cells proliferation in normal people and diabetic patients were similar (P＞0.05).Conclusion The proliferation of CD4+ CD25 T cells in type 1 diabetic patients was more robust than normal people,which indicated cellular immune dysfunction in type 1diabetes.Liraglutide inhibits the proliferation of CD4+ CD25-T cells of type 1 diabetic patients in vitro.The immunosuppression effect of liraglutide may have potential value in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

AIM: To investigate the correlation between the signal pathway of IKK/NF-?B and the anti-oxidant activity in asthmatic rats and the modulation of Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb). METHODS: Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (group C), asthmatic group (group A) and Egb group(group E). Asthma in rats was established by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge methods. The mRNA of IKK? and the protein of NF-?B P65 in lung tissue were assessed by using in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probe and immunohistochemisty, respectively. RESULTS: The expression of IKK? mRNA and NF-?B P65 protein in group A were significantly increased when compared with group C (P