Objective ABCG2(ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2)is a member of ABC transporter superfamily,and participates in the mechanisms of high resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in tumor treatment.The aim of present study is to investigate the expression and significance of ABCG2 in lung cancer tissues.Methods Lung cancer tissues were obtained from 83 patients(64 NSCLC,19 SCLC)by bio-autopsy or surgery.No patients had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before bio-autopsy or surgery.83 lung cancer specimens were analyzed for ABCG2 protein expression by using immunohistochemistry.Negative controls had the primary antibody eliminated.Human placenta tissues were used as positive control.In addition,five specimens of normal lung tissues were included for comparative study.Results The present study confirmed the predominant localization of ABCG2 transporter in plasma membrane.Some of ABCG2-positive tumors showed mixed membranous and cytoplasmic staining.ABCG2 expression was found in 71.9%(46/64)of NSCLC and 10.5%(2/19)of SCLC.The level of ABCG2 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in SCLC(P

Objective To analyze the trend of nursing information system(Nursing Information System,NIS) and contemporary situation,so as to provide a reference for the further development of NIS in China.Methods Based on China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database,Wanfang database and VIP Chinese academic periodical database,retrieval published NIS literature from 2009 to 2013 in China.Seven aspects were analyzed:time,areal distribution,cooperative rate,authors,institutions,periodicals and keywords.Results There were 438 articles from 128 published journals,47.9％ papers were in the statistical source journals.Research content mainly involved clinical nursing and nursing management.Conclusions NIS research has achieved great development in the past 5 years,but the researches should be strengthened in breadth and depth.

To study the effect of glucagon-likepeptide 1(GLP-1)receptor agonist on insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 36 male SD rats were served as the experimental animal and randomly divided into control group, model group, and GLP-1 group. The rats of control group were given routine diet with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, those in model group were given high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while GLP-1 group rats were fed with high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide. After 4 weeks of treatment, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, liver injury and oxidative stress were all assessed. Serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST)levels and total cholesterol, triglyceride contents in liver tissue, and as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)levels of model group were significantly higher than those of control group, complex insulin sensitivity index(ISIcomp)level was significantly lower than that of control group; serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, AST contents and HOMA-IR levels of GLP-1 group were significantly lower than those of model group, ISIcomp level was significantly higher than that of model group; superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), catalase(CAT)contents in liver tissue of model group were significantly lower, while malondialdehyde content and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, NF-E2 related factor-2(Nrf-2), antioxidant response element(ARE), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1), glutathione thiol transferase(GST)mRNA expression were significantly higher than control group; SOD, GSH-Px, CAT contents and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, Nrf-2, ARE, HO-1, NQO-1, GST mRNA expression in the liver tissue of GLP-1 group were significantly higher, while malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of model group. GLP-1 receptor agonist reduces insulin resistance and liver oxidative stress injury in diabetic rats with nonalcoholic liver disease.

Objective To evaluate the advantage and clinical value of javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Method Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma were made on electronic databases of CBM, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP and PubMed from 1990 to February 28, 2015. Quality of the included RCTs was assessed by Jadad scoring , and Meta-analyses were performed by RevMan5.3 software. Results Seven RCTs involving 575 patients were included in Meta-analysis. All studies were in low quality. The results of Meta-analyses showed that Javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma, compared with control groups, could increase the recent curative effect (P < 0.000 01) and improve the quality of live (P = 0.000 8), decrease the hematologic toxicities (P = 0.03) and the incidence rate of radioaction esophagitis (P = 0.02), but not enough evidence was found to prove that it can enhance survival rate (P = 0.25). Conclusions The results of Meta-analysis indicate that javanica oil emulsion injection may have therapeutic effects on the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Yet the effects of javanica oil emulsion injection still need to be confirmed by large multi-center randomized controlled trials.

Objective To investigate the association between serum level of secretory type Ⅱ phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 Ⅱ a) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods A total of 124 consecutive MS patients aged over 65 years were enrolled and another 90 elderly non-MS subjects were served as controls.The serum concentration of sPLA2 Ⅱ a was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Blood pressure,blood lipids and blood glucose levels etc.were also measured.The carotid intima-media thickness was examined by color Doppler ultrasonography.Results Serum level of sPLA2 Ⅱ a was significantly higher in elderly MS patients than in control group [(4.41±1.55)μg/L vs.(2.39±0.97)μg/L,P＜ 0.05].Compared with the control group,elderly MS patients showed CIMT was significantly increased [(1.17±0.24) mm vs.(0.89±0.24)mm,P＜0.05].Serum level of sPLA2 Ⅱ a were higher in elderly obesity patients than in normal BMI subjects [(4.76±0.99)μg/L vs.(2.84±0.54)μg/L,P＜0.05].Multiple regression analysis indicated that sPLA2 Ⅱ a level was an independent risk factor for CIMT in elderly MS patients after adjusting for the effects of BMI,IL-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs CRP) on CIMT(r=0.38,P＜0.01).Conclusions Serum level of sPLA2 Ⅱ a is increased in elderly MS patients and is independently correlated with CIMT,which has a predictive value for atherosclerosis,sPLA2 Ⅱ a may be involved in the process of vascular endothelial injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of selenium and iodine deficiency on the contractibility of rat thoracic aorta and probe into its mechanisms.Methods Isolated vascular methods were used to study the effects in different groups.Results The contraction of rat thoracic aorta of the groups with selenium and iodine deficiency was less than that of the normals(P(0.05));sodium selenite(0.1mol/L) had no effect on rat aortic contraction,but was significantly synergic with the contraction induced by KCl combined with NE(P

Objective To evaluate the release of leucine-enkephalin (L-EK) in the cerebrospinal fluid induced by intrathecal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells modified with human preproenkephalin (hPPE)gene and the analgesic efficacy of L-EK for bone cancer pain.Methods Forty CIBP female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into transplantation (CIBP+ hPPE/HEK293,n =20) and control (CIBP + HEK293,n =20)groups using a random number table.At 1 day before inoculation of cancer cells (T1,baseline) and 8,15,21,25,32 and 35 days after inoculation (T2-7),thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) was measured,and the number of licking/biting the claw on the transplantated side and degree of hindlimb limping during free activities were recorded.After observation at T4,10 rats were chosen from each group and sacrificed and the cerebrospinal fluid of rats was collected in an ice bath for detection of hPPE expression using radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with control group,TWL was significantly prolonged,the concentration of L-EK in the cerebrospinal fluid was increased,and the number of licking/biting the claw on the transplantated side and degree of hindlimb limping during free activities were decreased at T4-7 in transplantation group.Conclusion Intrathecal HEK293 cells modified with hPPE gene can continuously secrete L-EK and mitigate bone cancer pain.

Objective To explore the interaction between polymorphisms of rs17222919 which located in the 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein(ALOX5AP) gene promoter and environmental risk factors in ischemic stroke(IS).Methods We conducted a case-control study involving a total of 622 cases and 631 unrelated healthy controls which were selected from Henan Han populations,and the environment risk factors were recorded.Genotyping aimed at detecting both genetic and environmental factors in relation to IS was performed by TaqMan-polymerase chain reaction technology while interaction indexes (Υ) were calculated to determine interactions and their role models.Results The rs17222919 TG (189/622,30.4％),GG (18/622,2.9％)genotype frequencies and G (225/1244,18.1％)allele frequencies in IS subjects were significantly lower than those in controls (221/631,35.0％ ; 31/631,4.9％ ; 283/1262,22.4％ ; x2 =4.117,P =0.042 ; x2 =4.457,P =0.035 ; x2 =7.294,P =0.007).Negative interactions between TG + GG genotype and hypertension,diabetes or cigarette smoking in the occurrence of IS (Υ =0.943,0.922,0.830) were observed,whose role models were all super-multiplicative models.Conclusions According to our study,ischemic stroke is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and G allele of rs17222919 may have weakened the role of environmental factors for hypertension,diabetes and cigarette smoking in IS incidence.

Objective:To synthesize a new β-amyloid (Aβ) radioactive tracer (2-((2-6-[ 18F]fluoro-5-(methylamino)pyridin-2-yl)benzothiazol-6-yl)thio)ethanol ( 18F-FINH-Me), and evaluate its biological distribution and affinity to Aβ plaques. Methods:18F-FINH-Me was synthesized by GE FN automated module, and the quality control and stability of 18F-FINH-Me were determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodistribution of 18F-FINH-Me was observed in normal C57BL/6 mice ( n=25). MicroPET/CT imaging was performed in Alzheimer′s disease (AD) model mice( n=5) and matched normal C57BL/6 mice( n=5). The brain tissues of mice were taken for Aβ immunohistochemical staining. 18F-FINH-Me autoradiography was performed in postmortem brain sections of one AD patient (female, 69 years old) and one healthy volunteer (female, 66 years old). Results:The decay correction yield of 18F-FINH-Me was (53±4)% ( n>20) with the radioactive purity of more than 98% ( n>20) and the specific activity of 79.90-122.00 GBq/μmol ( n=10). 18F-FINH-Me was stable in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) after incubation for 4 h at room temperature. The biodistribution showed that 18F-FINH-Me was mainly excreted through the liver and kidneys. MicroPET/CT imaging showed that 18F-FINH-Me was obviously uptaken in the brain of AD mice. After injection for 1-2 min, the uptake of 18F-FINH-Me reached the peak, and the elution speed was fast (whole brain standardized uptake value: 0.73±0.17 for 1 min, 0.31±0.06 for 30 min). The immunohistochemistry showed that there were abundant Aβ plaques in the brain of AD model mice but not in the normal C57BL/6 mice brain. The autoradiographic results showed that 18F-FINH-Me exhibited substantial plaque labeling in brain sections of one AD patient but not in the healthy volunteer. Conclusion:18F-FINH-Me may be an effective PET agent for detecting Aβ plaques in brain.

Objective:To test the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Br?set Violence Check-list (BVC-C).Methods:With the authorizing permission by the author,the BVC was translated into Chinese and a-dapted,and five psychiatry experts who had worked more than 20 years were invited (3 clinical doctors and 2 nur-ses)to evaluate the content validity of the scale as the content validity index.Totally 556 inpatients who met the di-agnosis criteria for mental disorders according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision (ICD-10)were totally selected to proceed the formal testing.The BVC scale was used to evaluate inpatients every 8 hours,the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS)was used to test concurrent validity;the results of the real attacking incidents were used to test the criterion validity;the internal consistency re-liability of the scale was tested by Cronbach αcoefficient.Results:The content validity index of the scale was0.93.In addition to the own attack subscale,the MOAS total scores and the other 3 subscales scores were positively correlated with the BVC total scores and each item score (r =0.11 -0.69,P <0.01).The best criterion validity was 8 hours through analyzed,the AUC was 0.98.When the cut-off was 2,the sensitivity and specificity were 78.9% and 95.1% respectively.The Cronbach αcoefficient was 0.76 and the item total correlations were 0.47 -0.80 (P <0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that the BVC-C has good validity and reliability,which could be used as an effective prediction tool for psychiatric violence risk assessment.