Objective:To study the characteristics,related factors and precautionary measures of ceftriaxone-induced anaphylactic shock,and provide reference for clinical safe medication.Method:The literature between January, 1994 and December,2007 was collected from Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database,and Wanfang Medicine Data China info,70 cases with ceftriaxone-induced anaphylactic shock were reviewed and analyzed.Result:Of the 70 cases,43(61.4%) were male,and 27(38.6%) were female.64(91.4%) received intravenous fusion or intravenous injection and 6(8.6%),intramuscular or prostate capsule injection.Most of the anaphylactic shock cases occurred within 20 minutes(71.2%) after administration.61 cases recovered(87.1%) and 8 cases died(11.4%) and 1 cases became vegetable(1.5%) after treatment.Conclusion:The ceftriaxone-induced anaphylactic shock is rapid so as to be timely rescued.Patients should be asked about their case history and medication history in detail before treatment in order to reduce occurrences of shock.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for comprehensive intervention and management of chronic disease in China.METHODS:The global chronic disease trends and disease burden were summarized;theoretical framework,practice and experience of international chronic disease management were summarized and analyzed as well as enlightenment on domestic chronic disease management.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Worldwide prepresentative chronic disease theory model mainly involved USA chronic disease nursing model and WHO innovation care for chronic conditions.Main experience of international chronic disease management is that managing based on community,confirming preferential intervened disease types,adopting standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment pathway,designing rational transfer treatment system,providing patient self-management support.At pres ent,chronic disease management have been improved in China,but is still poor in community management.It is necessary to strengthen community medical staff training about chronic disease prevention and treatment and health education for social group.

Objective To study the changes of the rat's hearing threshold by long-term treatment with Vitamin-C and the reason of the changes. Methods Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group was treated with water added Vit-C and the placebo group was treated with drinking water.(1)Concentrations of malondialolehyde(MDA)of the cochlea with fluorescence chromatometry.(2) Auditory sensibilities with auditory brainstem response testing.(3) The frequency of the mtDNA~(4834)bp deletion in the cochlea with polymerase chain reaction technique. Results Hearing threshold of both groups become worse with aging,and the treatment group showed the better auditory sensitivities,the less concentrations of MDA and the less frequency of mtDNA~(4834)bp deletion compare with the placebo group. Conclusions Long-term treatment with Vitamin-C could reduce the degree of hearing loss of the rats and the concentrations of MDA of the cochlea and the frequency of mtDNA~(4834)bp deletion in the cochlea.The oxygen radicals theory should be the etiology of presbyacusis.

Objective To explore the possibility of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)into alveolar epithelial cells and bronchial epithelial cells.Methods MSCs were isolated from a male SD rat and were labeled with DAPI before injection.75 female recipient SD rats were divided randomly into five groups:lung injury group,MSCs treatment group,MSCs control group,mononuclear cells control group and normal control group.One,two and four weeks after the engraftment,five rats in each group were sacrificed and their lungs were harvested.Alveolar structure was observed by HE staining,and immunofluorescent examination was carried out to detect the positive staining of pan-cytokeratin.Results Some blue DAPI-labeled cells could be seen in alveolar wall in MSCs treatment group one,two and four weeks after MSCs engraftment,and some of these blue DAPI-labeled cells were found to express pan-cytokeratin.It was also found that some blue DAPI-labeled cells could be found in bronchial wall two weeks after MSCs engraftment and some of them were pan-cytokeratin positive.However,these phenomena were not found in other groups.Conclusion Rat MSCs could differentiate into alveolar epithelial cells and bronchial epithelial cells in injured lung induced by bleomycin exposure.

Objective ABCG2(ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2)is a member of ABC transporter superfamily,and participates in the mechanisms of high resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in tumor treatment.The aim of present study is to investigate the expression and significance of ABCG2 in lung cancer tissues.Methods Lung cancer tissues were obtained from 83 patients(64 NSCLC,19 SCLC)by bio-autopsy or surgery.No patients had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before bio-autopsy or surgery.83 lung cancer specimens were analyzed for ABCG2 protein expression by using immunohistochemistry.Negative controls had the primary antibody eliminated.Human placenta tissues were used as positive control.In addition,five specimens of normal lung tissues were included for comparative study.Results The present study confirmed the predominant localization of ABCG2 transporter in plasma membrane.Some of ABCG2-positive tumors showed mixed membranous and cytoplasmic staining.ABCG2 expression was found in 71.9%(46/64)of NSCLC and 10.5%(2/19)of SCLC.The level of ABCG2 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in SCLC(P

Objective Using zebrafish to analyze the effect of water temperature on the recovery of spinal cord in-jury. To detect the cell proliferation and changes of gene expression at the injury site during the process of recovery. Meth-ods Surgical operation was performed to induce spinal cord injury ( SCI) on adult fish. Water at a series of temperature was applied to culture the fish. Swimming ability was adopted to observe the recovery of spinal cord injury following surger?y. Vibration sections and immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the cell number post SCI at different stages. The changes of gdnf and nos gene expression were determined by real?time PCR. Results The water temperature changes from 28℃ to 32℃ did not affect the swimming ability of non?injured and sham?injured fish ( P>0. 05 ) . The swimming ability recovered mostly in 8 weeks post spinal cord injury. At 32℃, the swimming ability recovered faster than at 28℃ or at 30℃(P<0. 05). The cell proliferation increased obviously following spinal cord injury (P<0. 05). The proliferation of cells surrounding the spinal cord in jury was more extensive in SCI fishes incubated in 32℃ water than in 28℃ or 30℃ water ( P<0. 05). Real?time PCR assay showed that gdnf was up?regulated in all groups post SCI at 24 h, and 7 and 14 days (P<0. 05). The nos expression was up?regulated in all groups following SCI in 24 h (P<0. 05) and 7 days. There was no sig?nificant difference between the SCI group and sham?injury group (P<0. 05), while after 14 days, the expression of nos was reduced in the SCI group compared with the sham?injury group (P<0. 05). Conclusions A slight increase of incu?bating water temperature can accelerate the recovery of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.

In the program entitled "Studies and Practice on the Community-Oriented Teaching Model of Preventive Medicine for Non-Preventive Medicine Specialty", we have renovated the curricular arrangements, textbooks, teaching contents and methods of traditional preventive medicine for non-preventive medicine specialty so as to explore a new pattern of teaching preventive medicine for non-preventive medicine specialty in West China.

Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical study and safety of dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were reviewed in the paper. As a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin can reduce HbA1c, FPG and body weight of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main adverse reaction is genital infection. The antihypertensive effect of dapagliflo-zin is still under study at present.

BACKGROUND:Tranexamic acid administered either in intra-articular route or in intravenous route can significantly reduce blood loss during total knee arthroplasty. Recent studies are stil controversial in application mode of tranexamic acid in the clinic.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical outcomes of tranexamic acid in intra-articular route and intravenous route during total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify randomized control ed trials concerning the comparison of tranexamic acid in intra-articular route and intravenous route during total knee arthroplasty published before 1 May 2015. Transfusion rate, hemoglobin decline, drainage volume and thromboembolic complication rate were considered as indexes to evaluate the clinical effect, for meta-analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six randomized control ed trials involving 847 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed no significant difference between intra-articular and intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in terms of transfusion rate, hemoglobin decline, drainage volume, total blood loss, and thromboembolic complication rate. Subgroup analysis for dose regimen showed that when occlusion time of drainage tube was<2 hours. Intra-articular route of tranexamic acid showed high drainage volume and hemoglobin decline compared with the intravenous route of tranexamic acid (P<0.01). Results confirmed that during total knee arthroplasty, clinical effects of intra-articular and intravenous routes of tranexamic acid are similar during total knee arthroplasty. Moreover, it is recommended that occlusion of drainage tube can be conducted for 2 hours in intra-articular route of tranexamic acid.

ObjectiveTo construct human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) modified with human preproenkephalin (hPPE) gene.MethodshPPE gene fragments were obtained from recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1( + )/hPPE by using restriction endonuelease Hind Ⅲ and Not Ⅰ.Homologous recombination of lentivirus and hPPE gene was produced by using recombinant DNA technology.HEK293 cells were then transfected with the recombinant lentivirus vectors.The expression of hPPE gene in HEK293 cells was detected by Western blot.ResultsThe results of DNA sequencing indicated that the positive clone of recombinant lentivirus was completely consistent with sequencing of hPPE in Genebank.The titer of the concentrated virus was 2.07 × 108 TU/ml.GFP fluorescence was not seen in HEK293 cells transfected with the lentiviral vector under fluorescence microscope.A strong fluorescence was seen in HEK293 cells transfected with Ubc-GFP-L.V.empty viral vector.Positive expression of hPPE was demonstrated in HEK293 cells transfected with lentiviral vector by Western blot.Conclusion HEK293 cells modified with hPPE gene were successfully constructed and the target gene hPPE was stably expressed in HEK293 cells.