Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100026, ChinaAbstract Objective To observe the change of lipid metabolic parameters, sex hormone and bone mineral density(BMD) in patients with endometriosis before and after oral administration of gestrinone. Methods Fifty-six patients with endometriosis, aged from 20 to 45, were treated with gestrinone 2.5 mg two times a week for 6 months one week after operation. Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),ApoA_1,ApoB,follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH),E_2 and BMD were determined before taking gestrinone, after taking for 6 months and withdrawal for 6 months. Results After administration of gestrinone for 6 months, serum HDL-C and ApoA_1 decreased significantly (P

Objective To observe the effect of topical application with warm and wet carthamus tinctorius alcohol and anisodaminum on phlebitis caused by mannitol injection. Methods 100 patients with fractured bones suffered from phlebitis caused by mannitol injection were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 50 cases in each group. The observation group adopted topical application with warm and wet carthamus tinctorius alcohol and anisodaminum while the control received external application of 50% magnesium sulfate. The dosage was 3 hours per time,2 times a day, one time in the morning and afternoon respectively. The treatment continued till the phlebitis disappeared and the effect at the 24th,48th and 72th post treatment was compared between the two groups. Results The effect at the above mentioned time points in the obsevation group was superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Topical application with warm and wet carthamus tinctorius alcohol and anisodaminum on phlebitis caused by mannitol injection proved to be safe and had no adverse effect.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of opportunistic infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.Methods A comprehensive retrospective chart review study was conducted of 603 AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections in a special hospital authorized for AIDS patients.Results In all 603 patients,327 cases (54.2％) were infected with Pneumocystisjiroveci,251 cases (41.6％) were infected with fungus and 210 cases (34.8％) were infected with mycobacterium.Totally 367 cases (60.9％) had only one pathogen and 236 cases (39.1％) were co-infected with more than one pathogen.A total of 390 cases (64.7％) had a single site of infection with the respiratory tract being most frequently involved (271 cases,69.5％),and 213 cases (35.3％) had more than one infected site.The most common coinfected sites were oropharynx and respiratory tract (111 cases,52.1％).Conclusions AIDS patients are usually coinfected with multiple pathogenic organisms and multi-systems involved.Most of the opportunistic infections can be cured by timely diagnosis and effective treatment to prolong life and improve the quality of life of AIDS patients.

Objective To translate the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire(PDQ),and test the relia bility and validity of the Chinese version of PDQ.Methods Through forward translation,back translation,cultural adjustment,etc.,the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ) was introduced to localize it.60 eligible patients with diabetes were selected in a tertiary hospital to make a preliminary investigation.The results were statistically analyzed in order to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of PDQ.Results The Chinese version of PDQ had good reliability,whose total internal consistency coefficient was 0.831 and test-retest reliability was 0.801.The questionnaire has good validity.Total Content Validity Index was 0.938.I-CVI was between 0.800 and 1.000.The questionnaire's dimensions had good parallel validity with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and body mass index (BMI).Conclusions The Chinese Version of the personal diabetes questionnaire has good reliability and validity,which can be widely used as the evaluation tool of diabetes self-management education.

Objective To evaluate urinary nucleosides determination for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Methods The concentrations of 14 different urinary nucleosides from 42 colorectal carcinoma patients, 10 patients with villous adenoma and 62 normal adults were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Principal component analysis was applied to classify colorectal cancer patients and normal adults. Results The levels of Pseu、 C、 m1A、 mU、 m22G、 I、 m1G、 ac4C、 m6A in colorectal carcinoma group were (42.67?21.89)、(0.44?0.51)、(2.72?0.83)、(0.13?0.08)、(1.79?0.55)、(0.50?0.36)、(1.44?0.52)、(0.82?0.30)、(0.07?0.08)nmol/(?mol creatinine) respectively, which were much higher than those in normal adults (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of sinomenine on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/ R) in rats.Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S) , group I/R and sinomenine group (group SIN).Renal I/R was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SIN groups.In group S, the bilateral renal pedicels were only exposed.Sinomenine 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before reperfusion in group SIN, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group S and group I/R.At 6, 12 and 24 h (T1-3) of reperfusion, 6 rats from each group were chosen, and blood samples were drawn from the hearts for determination of the serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.The animals were then sacrificed, and the left kidney was removed and embedded into a paraffin block for determination of the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the renal tissues (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Compared with group S, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly increased at T1-3 , and the expression of HIF-1α was significantly up-regulated at T2,3 in group I/R and group SIN, and the expression of VEGF was significantly upregulated at T2,3in group I/R, and at T1-3 in group SIN.Compared with group I/R, the serum Cr concentration at T1-3 and serum BUN concentration at T2,3 were significantly decreased and the expression of HIF-1α at T2,3and VEGF at T1-3was significantly up-regulated in group SIN.Conclusion The mechanism by which sinomenine attenuates renal I/R injury is related to up-regulation of the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the renal tissues of rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of sinomenine on the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Seventy-two healthy male Wistar rats, aged 6-9 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), sinomenine group (group SIN), group I/R, and sinomenine+I/R group (group SIN+I/R).The animals were anesthetized with 10％ chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg.The left renal pedicles were clamped with atraumatic microclips for 45 min followed by reperfusion, and the right kidney was removed immediately after onset of reperfusion to establish the model of renal I/R injury.Sinomenine 60 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before reperfusion in group SIN +I/R, and at the corresponding time point in group SIN.At 6, 8 and 12 h of reperfusion, the blood samples were drawn by cardiac puncture for measurement of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.The left renal specimens were obtained for examination of pathological changes (with light microscopes) and for determination of the rate of NF-κB-positive cells and iNOS expression in renal tissues (by immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with group C, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN, and rate of NF-κB-positive cells were significantly increased, and the expression of iNOS was up-regulated in I/R and SIN+I/R groups, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group SIN.Compared with group I/R, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN, and rate of NF-κB-positive cells were significantly decreased, and the expression of iNOS was down-regulated in group SIN+I/R.The microscopic examination showed that the pathological changes of kidney were significantly attenuated in group SIN+I/R compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which sinomenine attenuates renal I/R injury is related to inhibited activity of NF-κB and down-regulated expression of iNOS in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sinomenine on apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells of rats subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and the relationship with C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway.Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), I/R group and sinomenine group (group SIN).Renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by reperfusion, and the right kidney was removed immediately after onset of reperfusion in anesthetized rats in I/R and SIN groups.In group SIN, sinomenine 60 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before reperfusion, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of sinomenine at the same time point in S and I/R groups.Six animals in each group were selected at 0.5, 6 and 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for determination of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.Immediately after blood sampling, the left kidney was removed for examination of pathological changes in renal tissues (with light microscopes) and for determination of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and caspase-3 expression (by immune-histochemistry) and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (by TUNEL).The apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly increased, the expression of p-JNK and caspase-3 was up-regulated, and the apoptotic rate was increased in I/R and SIN groups.Compared with group I/R, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly decreased, the expression of p-JNK and caspase-3 was down-regulated, and the apoptotic rate was decreased in group SIN.The microscopic examination showed that the pathological changes of kidney were significantly attenuated in group SIN compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which sinomenine attenuates renal I/R injury is related to inhibited activation of p-JNK signaling pathway and reduced apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells of rats.

Objectives Occult HBV infection is defined by positive HBV DNA in individuals with undetectable levels of HBsAg.The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection in HIV-infected patients.Methods Serum samples were obtained from 105 HBs Ag-negative HIV patients who were hospitalized and were not giyen anti-virus treatment at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.Microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA)was used to detect HBV serologic markers(HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-Hbe and anti-HBc).EUSA was used to detect HCV antibody.CD4+ T cell count was examined with flow cytometry.Nested PCR was used to amplify surface protein region of HBV.Results 32(30.5%)patients(27 men,5 women)were HBV DNA positive in the 105 HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients(92 men and 13 women).22 patients(including 5 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 16-30 years group,44 patients(including 15 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 31-49 years group and 39 patients(including 12 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 50-75 years group.5 patients were negative for all HBV serologic markers and 27 patients detected with at least one of anti-HBc.anti.Hbe or anti-HBs.14 patients (29.8%)with HBV DNA+in 47 HIV-infected patients were coinfected with HCV,18 patients(31.0%)were HBV DNA+in 58 HIV-monoinfected patients.The median absolute CD4+T eell count was 145.1cells/μ1(4-623 cells/μ1),26 patients(34.7%)were HBV DNA+in 75 AIDS patients with CD4+T cell＜200 cells/μ1 and 6 patients(20.0%)HBV DNA+in 30 HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T cell＞200cells/μ1.No statistical significant association could be established between the above factors.Conclusions It is found tIlatoccult HBV did occur in HIV-infected patients.No statistical significant association could be established between occult HBV infection and gender,age,HBV serologic markers,coinfected HCV and CD4+T cell count.

Objective To analyze the causes of death for 89 HIV/AIDS patients,and the association of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts with the mortality.Methods Data were collected from 89 deceasedpatients who were admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from Jan 1996 to Sep 2007,and wereretrospectively analyzed with t-test.Results Heterosexual,blood transfusion and blood products were themajor transmission routs for 89 deceased HIV/AIDS patients.The primary causes of death varied with different levels of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts.With higher CD4+T lymphocyte counts,patients were more likelyto die from non-AIDS-related opportunistic infections such as upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Serious pulmonary infection induced by various etiologies was the primary cause of death.Co-infections of multiple etiologics were often seen in these death cases.Conclusion Opportunistic infection is the primary cause of death for HIV/AIDS patients.Appropriate therapies should be based on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and patients' specific conditions to reduce the mortality.