Objective To investigate the predisposing factors and fungal characteristics of nosocomial fungal infection (NFI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The fungal characteristics and laboratory indices were analyzed in patients with and without NFI secondary to CKD. Results The most common infection site of NFI in 65 cases patients with CKD was urinary tract (25 man-times, 38.46%), and the second common site was digestive tract (20 man-times, 30.77%). The most common pathogenic fungus was Candida albicans (68.49%), followed by Candida tropicalis (17.81%). The sensitivity of Candida albicans to fluconazol was 90%. The predisposing factors included prolonged length of stay, anaemia, malnutrition, hypogammaglobulinemia, mass proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and the use of large dose of broad spectrum antibiotics, prednisone and cytoxan. Conclusion CKD may predispose to NFI, and the most common fungus is Candida albicans,so the predisposing factors should be controlled so as to prevent NFI among patients with CKD.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Huobahuagen Tablets combined with irbesartan on the risk factors of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Thirty patients in the control group were treated with Huobahuagen Tablets (5 tablets po t.i.d.), and 32 patients in the treatment group were treated with irbesartan (150 to 300 mg po q.d.), besides the same treatment as the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the levels of blood pressure (BP), 24 h urine protein (Upr), urinary red blood cells (URBC), blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (Alb), alanine transaminase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and serum creatinine (Scr) were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of Upr, URBC and Scr in both groups were decreased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of BP, Upr, URBC and Scr in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The levels of Alb in both groups were increased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the level of Alb in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Huobahuagen Tablets, when used together with irbesartan, may improve the renal function of the patients with IgA nephropathy and slow the deterioration of the disease by reducing BP, Upr, URBC and Scr.

Objective To observe the effect of topical application with warm and wet carthamus tinctorius alcohol and anisodaminum on phlebitis caused by mannitol injection. Methods 100 patients with fractured bones suffered from phlebitis caused by mannitol injection were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 50 cases in each group. The observation group adopted topical application with warm and wet carthamus tinctorius alcohol and anisodaminum while the control received external application of 50% magnesium sulfate. The dosage was 3 hours per time,2 times a day, one time in the morning and afternoon respectively. The treatment continued till the phlebitis disappeared and the effect at the 24th,48th and 72th post treatment was compared between the two groups. Results The effect at the above mentioned time points in the obsevation group was superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Topical application with warm and wet carthamus tinctorius alcohol and anisodaminum on phlebitis caused by mannitol injection proved to be safe and had no adverse effect.

This study was aimed to evaluate effects of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) five elements music therapy on the quality of life for both senior and non-senior advanced cancer patients , and improve TCM com-prehensive treatment mode . A total of 170 patients were stratified according to 70-year-old in a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) with a parallel single-blind design . The ratio of patients among three groups was 2:2:1 . In the experimental group , TCM five elements music was given in the treatment . In the positive control group , western music was used in the treatment . And in the negative control group , no music was given in the treat-ment . The treatment was given for 30 min , 5 times per week . And the observation duration was 3 weeks . The Hospice Quality of Life Index-Revised ( HQOLI-R ) , Karnofsky Performance Scale ( KPS ) and Symptom Diary Score recorded by patients were used in the evaluation . The results showed that when comparing HQOLI-R , KPS and Symptom Diary Score before and after treatment among all advanced cancer patients in each group , there was a significant difference before and after treatment in the TCM five elements music therapy group ( P< 0 . 05 ) . But there was no significant difference before and after treatment in the western music therapy group or the negative control group ( P > 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that TCM five elements music therapy is effective in improving quality of life and subjective symptoms for both senior and non-senior advanced cancer patients . However , the sensitivity of using the Symptom Diary Score as an evaluation index among senior patients still needs to be further proved .

AIM:Activin A,a member of transforming growth factor superfamily,is the negative regulator factor in liver regeneration. In this study,the effects of extract of Ginkgo Biloba on hepatic fibrosis and the expression of Activin A in rats with cirrhosis were investigated. METHODS:The experiment was performed at in the Central Laboratory of Wuhan First Hospital from September 2005 to December 2006. ①Thirty-six male SD rats of(160?20) g were randomized into 3 groups:control group,model group and treatment group. ② Except the rats in the control group,others were intraperitoneally injected with 500 mL/L CCl4 for 8 weeks to establish models of hepatic fibrosis. Meanwhile,the extract treatment group was infused with the extract of Ginkgo Biloba(Chinese drugs preparation laboratory of Wuhan First Hospital,detected by Hubeu Wushi Medicine Industry Co.,Ltd. No. 02-391) daily for 8 weeks. ③After administration,all anesthetized rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for the determination of liver function biochemical indexes. Liver tissue samples were used for histopathological examinations. The expression of Activin A was determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS:All 36 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①The liver function in extract treatment group was significantly improved compared with that in model group. ②The grade of fibrosis in extract treatment group were remarkably lower than that in model group under light microscope. ③The positive staining of Activin A in treatment group was significantly reduced compared with model group. ④The expression of Activin A mRNA in extract treatment group was significantly reduced compared with model group. CONCLUSION:Extract of Ginkgo Biloba can effectively decrease the expression of Activin A in rats with hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4,and lessen the degree of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the detection of respiratory tract virus from throat swabs of patients with lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)in a hospital,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Throat swabs of hospitalized children with LRTI between May 2103 and April 2014 were detected by di-rect immunofluorescence assay,infection/carriage of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influen-za virus A(IV-A),IV-B,parainfluenza virus 1(PIV-1),PIV-2,and PIV-3 in children were surveyed.Results Of 8 425 throat swab specimens of hospitalized patients,1 879 were detected virus,the total detection rate was 22.30%,detection rate of RSV was the highest (11 .31 %),followed by PIV-3(4.37%).There was no significant difference in the total detection rate of respiratory tract virus between children of different genders (P =0.051).Of all age groups,detection rate of RSV in infants and young children was the highest,the detection rates of 7 kinds of virus from preschool children were approximate,detection rate of ADV from primary school children was the high-est (37.50%).In spring and winter,children mainly infected with RSA,accounting for 62.82% and 69.88% re-spectively;in summer,PIV-3 was the predominant virus,accounting for 41 .47%,in autumn,there was little difference in the percentage of each virus.Conclusion The detection rate of 7 kinds of virus isolated from throat swabs of hospitalized children with LRTI is related to age and season;the detection rate of 7 kinds of virus from in-fants and young children is high,RSA is the main virus.

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the difference factors for PHC patients by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of different age groups of senior people in China and support reference for individualized intervention by clinical medical workers.Methods 153 cases of PHC patients by TACE were selected by convenience sampling method from October 2013 to June 2014.The data were collected using general data questionnaire,Health Promotion Strategy Scale,QOL-LC,Memorial Symptom Assessment Scales and Social Support Scale to evaluate the physical,psychological and social aspects of the PHC patients.We divided the patients into young,middle-aged and elderly groups.Single factor and multiple factors regression analysis were used to compare the status and influencing factors.Results Psychological function,value of blood AFP,marital status entered the model and were self-care efficacy and correlated factors of young-aged patients,which could explain 50.6％ of the total varience.Physical symptoms,exploitation degree of support and intervention treatment times entered the model and were self-care efficacy and correlated factors of middle-aged patients,which could explain 47.8％ of the total varience.Symptom distress,degree of cuhural and psychological function entered the model and were self-care efficacy and correlated factors of elderly-aged patients,which could explain 42.4％ of the total varience.Conclusions The self-care efficacy were low in all ages of PHC patients by TACE,it is associated with a variety of factors.Doctors and nurses should pay more attention to the self-care efficacy for PHC patients by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with different age groups.Also we should evaluate and make well-targeted policies and personalized inter-ventions to promote self-management self-efficacy.

Objective To explore the application effect of action-oriented teaching method in senior midwifery practice teaching.Methods Selecting 30 students from class 1,grade 2011 of the midwifery professional for the experimental group,another 30 students from class 2 for the control group.We selected four core contents for the experimental teaching refbrm such as obstetric abdominal examination,external pelvimetry measurement,prenatal vulva washing disinfection and sterile towel covering before the delivery.The experimental group was taught by action-oriented teaching,in accordance with the procedures:putting forward the projects or work task,set goals and grouping,making work plans,implementing and evaluating.The control group was taught by traditional teaching.We used questionnaire smvey and skills examination to evaluate the teaching effects and conducted teaching satisfaction scores and scores for t test to two groups of students.Results (1)Questionnaires:The resuhs of the 18 issues on the teaching effect evaluation,professional technology level and nursing soft skills,etc.showed that the experimental group's evaluation of the action-oriented teaching is higher than the control group's evaluation of the traditional teaching(P＜0.05),action-oriented teaching is more helptul to improving the professional skill and nursing soft skills(P＜0.05).@The scores of skill examination:The skills scores of the experimental group(80.01 ± 9.36) were significantly higher than those of the control group(71.32 ± 8.85)(t=3.70,P=0.000).The difference was statistically significant (t=3.70,P=0.00).Conclusions Action-oriented teaching helps to raise practice teaching effecr,train students' clinical work ability and nursing soft skills.It is suitable for practice teaching of senior midwifery.