Moss has high tolerance and accumulating capacity to heavy metal.In this study, the distribution of heavy metal elements in moss sampled from lead-zinc mine was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.The speciation of lead was analyzed by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy.Research showed that the contents of Pb, Zn, Cd and As in the moss of the mining area were extremely high, and their maximum concentration were 1.06 mg/g , 1.23 mg/g, 30.5 μg/g, 13.2 μg/g, respectively.Besides, the shoots especially the new tissue of the moss were the major sites for accumulation and storage of heavy metals.The micro-distribution characteristics varied among Hypnum plumaeforme and Brachytheciumprocumbens, indicating the difference of different species of moss in absorption pathway, accumulation and tolerance mechanisms for heavy metal.Linear combination fitting results indicated that the main lead speciation in moss was lead phosphate (78%) and lead oxide (22%), which suggested that the precipitation of lead phosphate might be the main mechanism of tolerance for moss.

Objective To observe the effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) using the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)-targeting RNAi recombinant adenovirus vector. Methods Homologous recombination and cloning techniques were used to construct RNAi recombinant adenoviral expressive vectors specific to GSK-3β. Then, the adenovirus plasmids was transfected into HEK 293A cells to produce adenovirus and amplify the adenoviral stock. Plaque forming assay was used to titer the adenoviral stock. The GSK-3β and β-catenin protein expressions were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of HUVEC was detected with MTr assay. Results The RNAi adenovirus vectors specific to GSK-3β were successfully produced with high titer. The expression of GSK-3β protein in HUVEC could be down-regulated efficiently by the RNAi adenovirus, along with increased β-catenin protein expression. The proliferation of HUVEC was significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) after infected with GSK-3β RNAi recombinant adenovirus for 3, 5, 7 days. Conclusion RNAi adenovirus is an important tool that can inhibit the expression of GSK-3β efficiently, along with increased β-catenin protein expression. Up-regulating of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might play an important role in the proliferation of HUVEC.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of opportunistic infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.Methods A comprehensive retrospective chart review study was conducted of 603 AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections in a special hospital authorized for AIDS patients.Results In all 603 patients,327 cases (54.2％) were infected with Pneumocystisjiroveci,251 cases (41.6％) were infected with fungus and 210 cases (34.8％) were infected with mycobacterium.Totally 367 cases (60.9％) had only one pathogen and 236 cases (39.1％) were co-infected with more than one pathogen.A total of 390 cases (64.7％) had a single site of infection with the respiratory tract being most frequently involved (271 cases,69.5％),and 213 cases (35.3％) had more than one infected site.The most common coinfected sites were oropharynx and respiratory tract (111 cases,52.1％).Conclusions AIDS patients are usually coinfected with multiple pathogenic organisms and multi-systems involved.Most of the opportunistic infections can be cured by timely diagnosis and effective treatment to prolong life and improve the quality of life of AIDS patients.

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the difference factors for PHC patients by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of different age groups of senior people in China and support reference for individualized intervention by clinical medical workers.Methods 153 cases of PHC patients by TACE were selected by convenience sampling method from October 2013 to June 2014.The data were collected using general data questionnaire,Health Promotion Strategy Scale,QOL-LC,Memorial Symptom Assessment Scales and Social Support Scale to evaluate the physical,psychological and social aspects of the PHC patients.We divided the patients into young,middle-aged and elderly groups.Single factor and multiple factors regression analysis were used to compare the status and influencing factors.Results Psychological function,value of blood AFP,marital status entered the model and were self-care efficacy and correlated factors of young-aged patients,which could explain 50.6％ of the total varience.Physical symptoms,exploitation degree of support and intervention treatment times entered the model and were self-care efficacy and correlated factors of middle-aged patients,which could explain 47.8％ of the total varience.Symptom distress,degree of cuhural and psychological function entered the model and were self-care efficacy and correlated factors of elderly-aged patients,which could explain 42.4％ of the total varience.Conclusions The self-care efficacy were low in all ages of PHC patients by TACE,it is associated with a variety of factors.Doctors and nurses should pay more attention to the self-care efficacy for PHC patients by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with different age groups.Also we should evaluate and make well-targeted policies and personalized inter-ventions to promote self-management self-efficacy.

Objectives Occult HBV infection is defined by positive HBV DNA in individuals with undetectable levels of HBsAg.The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection in HIV-infected patients.Methods Serum samples were obtained from 105 HBs Ag-negative HIV patients who were hospitalized and were not giyen anti-virus treatment at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.Microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA)was used to detect HBV serologic markers(HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-Hbe and anti-HBc).EUSA was used to detect HCV antibody.CD4+ T cell count was examined with flow cytometry.Nested PCR was used to amplify surface protein region of HBV.Results 32(30.5%)patients(27 men,5 women)were HBV DNA positive in the 105 HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients(92 men and 13 women).22 patients(including 5 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 16-30 years group,44 patients(including 15 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 31-49 years group and 39 patients(including 12 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 50-75 years group.5 patients were negative for all HBV serologic markers and 27 patients detected with at least one of anti-HBc.anti.Hbe or anti-HBs.14 patients (29.8%)with HBV DNA+in 47 HIV-infected patients were coinfected with HCV,18 patients(31.0%)were HBV DNA+in 58 HIV-monoinfected patients.The median absolute CD4+T eell count was 145.1cells/μ1(4-623 cells/μ1),26 patients(34.7%)were HBV DNA+in 75 AIDS patients with CD4+T cell＜200 cells/μ1 and 6 patients(20.0%)HBV DNA+in 30 HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T cell＞200cells/μ1.No statistical significant association could be established between the above factors.Conclusions It is found tIlatoccult HBV did occur in HIV-infected patients.No statistical significant association could be established between occult HBV infection and gender,age,HBV serologic markers,coinfected HCV and CD4+T cell count.

Objective To analyze the causes of death for 89 HIV/AIDS patients,and the association of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts with the mortality.Methods Data were collected from 89 deceasedpatients who were admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from Jan 1996 to Sep 2007,and wereretrospectively analyzed with t-test.Results Heterosexual,blood transfusion and blood products were themajor transmission routs for 89 deceased HIV/AIDS patients.The primary causes of death varied with different levels of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts.With higher CD4+T lymphocyte counts,patients were more likelyto die from non-AIDS-related opportunistic infections such as upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Serious pulmonary infection induced by various etiologies was the primary cause of death.Co-infections of multiple etiologics were often seen in these death cases.Conclusion Opportunistic infection is the primary cause of death for HIV/AIDS patients.Appropriate therapies should be based on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and patients' specific conditions to reduce the mortality.

Aim To evalute the effects of losartan on the cardiac function and secretion of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin(ET) in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF) .Methods Sixty patients with class Ⅱ～Ⅳ CHF were randomised to receive a 12 weeks of routine therapy either with losartan(n ＝ 30)to be added from 25 mg to 50 mg daily or with enalapril(n ＝ 30) to be added from 2.5 mg to 5 mg daily. The cardiac systolic and diastolic funtion and the levels of NO and ET were observed before and after therapy respectively, with 30 normal control subjects seving as control. Results The abnormal cardiac systolic and diastolic function parameter were present in patients with CHF. The ET and NO levels in CHF patients were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05) . NYHA function class was improved in 85% of losartan-treated patients and in 84% of enalapril-treated patients after 12 weeks, as compared with cardiac function at baseline. ET and NO levels were significantly reduced(P＜0.01), NO/ ET ratio was increased (P＜0.05) after 12 weeks of therapy in two active groups. Conclusion The systolic and diastolic functions of patients with CHF are greatly improved by losartan treatment, which reverses the imbalance of NO/ET and it is suspected that this action may be another important mechanism of its treating heart failure.

This article was to elucidate that the needling depth is closely related to the meridian qi, disease location, disease nature and needled area based on the records of needling depth in Nei Jing (Canon of Internal Medicine). Moreover, different depths will produce different therapeutic efficacies;meanwhile, improper depth may lead to grave consequences.

Objective To compare the clinical results of the ureteral reimplantation with the traditional open approach and laparcocopic pneumovesical approach. Methods A retrospective review of 108 patients who underwent ureteral reimplantation from December 2004 to October 2010 was conducted.The patients were divided into open and pneumovesical groups according to the surgical approach.Perioperative results were compared between the two groups in terms of operative time,postoperative intravenous antibiotics duration,catheterization duration,postoperative stay,average total cost and surgical cost,respectively.And the pneumovesical group was divided into two stages by time,compared the operative time of the two stages and between the later stage and the open group. Results The postoperative hospital stay of pneumovesical group was shorter than the open group (6.8 ± 1.9 d and 8.9 ± 2.9 d,P =0.002 ).For catheterization duration,the pneumovesical group was shorter than the open group as well (5.2 ± 1.2 d and 6.2 ±2.2 d,P=0.057).For the postoperative intravenous antibiotics duration,the pneumovesical group was 5.0 ± 1.3 h,the open group was 5.4 ±1.6 h (P =0.159).For the total cost,the pneumovesical group was 16 067.9 ±4 295.8 RMB,the open group was 15 617.7 ± 5 486.5 R MB (P =0.168).For the surgical cost,the pneumovesical group was 9369.4 ± 1366.6 RMB,the open group was 7397.9 ± 1797.3 RMB ( P =0.083 ).Operative duration of the pneumovesical group and open group were 3.2 ± 1.1 h and 2.3 ± 1.1 h ( P =0.003).For pneumovesical group,the mean operative durations of the two stages were 3.6 h and 2.8 h (P =0.286).And the later stage of pneumovesical group was a little longer than the open group,but no significant difference ( P =0.234 ).No major complication was found in the 2 groups during the operative time and the postoperative hospital stay.Twenty-four patients (38 ureters) of the pneumovesical group were followed up with micturating cystourethrography ( MCU),ureterovesical reflux recurred in 3 patients.Two patients changed from grade Ⅲ to grade Ⅰ and 1 patient changed from grade Ⅴ to grade Ⅲ after the surgery.Five patients (9 ureters) of the open group were followed up,1 patient found bladder diverticulum; 1 patient found ureteral stricture 6 months after the surgery and got improved after secondary ureteral relimplantation surgery. Conclusions The pneumovesical approach is shorter than the open group in postoperative hospital stay and catheterization reserved duration.The pneumovesical approach is a safe and effective option for ureteral reimplantation.

Objective To verify whether the periodic or continuous exposure to high glucose may have different effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)apoptosis, and to explore the effect of NF-κB pathway on apoptosis of HUVEC induced by high glucose using the RNAi adenovirus vector. Methods RNAi combinant adenovirus vector which targeted 1566 site of NF-κB p65 mRNA was constructed and the effect of p65 gene knockdown in HUVEC was detected by Western blot analysis. Then, the RNAi adenovirus was transducted to explore the role of NF-κB pathway on the regulation of apoptosis in HUVEC induced by high glucose. The apoptosis of HUVEC was tested by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Results High glucose could induce apoptosis of HUVEC. p65 protein expression of nuclear extracts was significantly increased in high glucose culture as compared to control group, but only slightly increased in NF-κB-specific knockdown group, which maintained at basal state. Compared with normal glucose group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in high glucose group was significantly increased (25.81%±1.77% vs 8.20%±0.63%, P<0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was decreased in 30.5 rmnol/L glucose plus Ad-1566 than that in 30.5 mmol/L glucose plus Ad-DEST (11.49%±0.92% vs 26.10%±0.98%, P<0.01). Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by high glucose was inhibited by the RNAi adenovirus. Conclusion High glucose induces apoptosis of HUVEC. Knockdown of NF-κB p65 may protect HUVEC from apoptosis by preventing high glucose-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation.