Objectives:To observe the role of combined use of early micro feeding and intravenous nutrition in low birth weight(LBW) infants. Methods:Fifty four cases of LBW infants were randomly divided into two groups.Early micro feeding and intravenous nutrition were given in one group(EF & IN group) and another group(Control group) was given only with intravenous nutrition.The times of intravenous nutritional support requirement and hospital stay,the increase in body weight and the changes in serum bilirubin,lipids and creatinine were compared between the two groups. Results:The times of intravenous nutritional support and hospital stay were shortened and the body weight was increased in EF & IN group. The levels of serum bilirubin and creatinine and the serial concentrations of lipids on the day 7 and 14 after birth were significantly lower than those in control group. Conclusions:The combination of early,micro feeding and intravenous nutrition is superior to the only use of intravenous nutrition in shortrenning the critical course,increasing the body weight,beginning the oral intake and decreasing the possible injuries from total parenteral nutrition.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the neuronal apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain.Methods Seventy-two adult male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 each):sham operation group (group S) ; chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group; Dex + CCI group (group D).Two ligatures were placed on right sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread in groups CCI and D.In group D Dex 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day starting from the end of operation until the animals were sacrificed.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with yon Frey filament (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulation (PWL) were measured at one day before (T0,baseline) and on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after operation (T1,2,3).Six animals were sacrificed at each time points (T1,2,3) after the measurement of PWT and PWL.Their lumbar segments (L4,5)were removed for examination with transmission electron microscope and detection of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression (by immune-histochemistry).Results CCI significantly decreased PWT and PWL,increased Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression at T1,2,3 and induced apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn neurons in group CCI as compared with group S.Intraperitoneal Dex significantly attenuated CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and neuronal apoptosis in group D as compared with group CCI.Dex injected intraperitoneally further increased Bcl-2 expression but decreased caspase-3 expression in group D as compared with group CCI.Conclusion Reduction in neuronal apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn is involved in the attenuation of neuropathic pain by Dex.

Objective To explore the mechanism of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) via observing the change of mitochondria in IUGR placenta. Methods Placenta samples were collected from 30 singleton pregnancies at the time of elec-tive caesarean section. Fifteen of them were appropriate for gestational age and 15 were IUGR. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, DNA copies were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and membrane potential was assayed by lfow cytometry. Results Signiifcant morphological changes of placental mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscopy in IUGR, mitochondrial DNA copies in IUGR placenta were signiifcantly increased (P<0.01) and membrane potential decreased dramatically (P<0.01). Conclusions It is suggest that impaired mitochondrial function in IUGR may involve in IUGR pathogenesis.

Objective To investigate a new method of measuring serum total protein by improving biuret double reagent through two point terminal method in order to dissolve the sample's interference of hemolysis, icterus, lipid , polymeric glucose.Methods The precision, recovery rate, the examination limit, the linear scope and the interference experiments were done by improving biuret reagent in order to ensure the method's basic function. The method was compared to Doumas method in order to ensure its reliability and the effection of dissolving the interference.Results The proportion of sample and reagent was 5∶220 ?l and the linear scope was 140 g/L. Regress equation:Y=484.0+48.06X,r=0.999 3.The within run CV(n=20) was 0.24% and the day to day CV(n=20) was 1.07%.The average recovery rate was 99.5%(95.6%~103%).The examination limit was 2.36 g/L. The interference was not significant when Hb concen tration was lower than 2.1 g/L, Bil lower than 148 ?mol/L,TG lower than 28.2mmol/L and polymeric glucose lower than 30 g/L. While measuring normal sample, improving method and Doumas method were highly correlation. Regress equation:Y=-2.435 4+1.037 4X,r=0.988 2. There wasn't a significant reference between results.Conclusion It could dissolve effectively the sample's interference of hemolysis, icterus, lipid, polymeric glucose and increase the result's accuracy while adopting improving biuret double reagent through two point terminal method.

By use of color Doppler ultrasonography (ATLHDI 5000,made in USA),a prospective study was made in 362 aged (greater than or equal to 60 years) patients (252 males and 110 females) for a period of 3 years.There were 176 patients (48.2%,130 males and 46 females) had degenerative vavular disease (DVD).The incidence increased with the aging of the population.There were no evident differences between males and females.Degenerative aortic valvular deformation was most frequently found (in 171 cases),followed by mitral (in 24 cases).The complications were hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease.It suggests that the DVD in the elderly mainly occurs in aortic valves,then in mitral value.Its incidence increases with aging.Complications such as hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease are important risk factors of DVD.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA in spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n =24 each):sham operation group (group S),group NP and dexmedetomidine group ( group DEX).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ choral hydrate 350 mg/kg.NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI).The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread in groups NP and DEX.In group S,the right sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated.Dexmedetomidine 50μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally daily staring from the end of operation,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in groups S and NT.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured on day 1 before operation and on day 1,3,7 and 14 after operation.Six animals were sacrificed after MWT and TWL measurement on day 1,3,7 and 14 after operation in each group,the L4～6 segment of spinal cords was removed for determination of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA expression by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group S,MWT and TWL were significantly decreased and the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly up-regulated after operation in groups NP and DEX ( P ＜0.05).Compared with group NP,TWL and MWT were significantly increased and the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly down-regulated after operation in group DEX ( P ＜ 0.05 ).TWL and MWT were significantly higher and the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly lower on day 1,3 and 14 after operation than on day 7 after operation in groups NiP and DEX ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates NP is related to inhibition of the expression of P2X4 R mRNA and p38 MAPK in rats.

Objective: To investigate the associations of deficits in prepotent response inhibition with attention deficit and impulsive behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), so as to provide insights into response inhibition training in ADHD to relieve clinical symptoms. Methods: From March to December 2022, 57 children with ADHD were selected from the clinical psychology department of a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou City as the ADHD group, and 55 normal children matched by age and gender were selected from a primary school as the control group. Prepotent response inhibition, attention deficit and impulsive behavior were assessed by inhibition conflict task, visual continuous performance test (CPT) and matching familiar figures test (MFFT), respectively. The associations of deficits in prepotent response inhibition with attention deficit and impulsive behavior were analyzed using multiple linear regression model, and the predictive value of deficits in prepotent response inhibition on ADHD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The children included in the ADHD group had a mean age of (8.77±1.60) years and 44 males (77.19%), and the children included in the control group had a mean age of (9.20±1.77) years and 42 males (76.36%). The error rate of inhibition conflict task, missing report rate of visual CPT and the number of MFFT errors were higher in the ADHD group than in the control group [22.50% (12.50%) vs. 8.75% (7.00%), 24.00% (30.00%) vs. 7.50% (7.00%), 8.67±3.32 vs. 4.47±3.16; all P<0.05]. Multiple linear regression model showed that the error rate of inhibition conflict task was positively associated with the missing report rate of visual CPT (R2=0.135, β=0.091, P<0.001) and the number of MFFT errors (R2=0.092, β=0.009, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.891, the sensitivity was 93.00%, the specificity was 80.00%, and the cut-off was 13.13%. Conclusions The deficits in prepotent response inhibition are positively associated with attention deficit and impulsive behavior.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS) in protection against acute lung injury (ALI) in rats with paraquat poisoning.Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely: control group, model group, dexamethasone (DXM) treatment group, and DAS treatment group, with 20 rats in each group. The model of paraquat poisoning was reproduced by single does of 70 mg/kg given by gavage, while the same volume of normal saline (NS) was given in same manner in control group. 100 mg/kg of DAS, the same volume of NS, or 1 mg/kg DXM injection were given respectively in DAS treatment group, model group, or DXM treatment group intraperitoneally after exposure to paraquat, once a day for 14 days. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 days, respectively. The inferior lobe of right lung was harvested, and the degree of lung injury was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining under optical microscope; the upper lobe of right lung was used to determine the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and for evaluation of the degree of pulmonary edema. The expression of nuclear factor -κB (NF-κB) in the middle lobe of right lung was assessed with immunohistochemistry. The expression of tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) mRNA in the left lung was determined with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results① The pulmonary structure in control group was found to be intact. However, in the model group there were progressive pathological changes in lung, including marked edema and thickening of alveolar walls, collapse of alveoli, infiltration of inflammatory cells, alveolar wall, and obvious bleeding in the local lung tissue, and formation of transparent membrane in alveolar space. Less infiltration of inflammatory cells and no obvious destruction were found in alveolar structure in the DAS and DXM treatment groups.② Lung W/D ratio: lung W/D ratio of model group was apparently higher than that in control group at every time point, and peaking on the 3rd day (6.15±0.54 vs. 4.15±2.10,P< 0.05), and the ratio of lung W/D of DAS and DXM treatment groups was obviously lower than that in model group at every time point, especially on the 3rd day (3.99±1.26, 4.30±0.70 vs. 6.15±0.54, bothP< 0.05), but there was no significant difference between DAS and DXM treatment groups in this regard.③ The immunocytochemistry analysis revealed minimal NF-κBp65 expression in the cell nuclei of the control group, while extensive NF-κBp65 expression was found in model group. Minimal NF-κBp65 positive expression in the cytoplasm and even less positive expression in the nucleus was found in the DAS and DXM treatment groups, and integralA value was significantly lower in the DAS and DXM treatment groups than that of the model group, especially on the 3rd day [(17.98±0.06)×107, (18.53±0.04)×107 vs. (28.85±0.61)×107, bothP< 0.01], but there was no significant difference between DAS and DXM treatment groups.④ It was shown by RT-PCR that the expression of TNF-α mRNA in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 3rd day (gray value: 3.63±0.62 vs. 0.51±0.13, P< 0.05). The expression of TNF-α mRNA in lung tissue was significantly decreased in DAS and DXM treatment groups compared with model group (gray value: 2.49±0.57, 2.02±0.26 vs. 3.63±0.62, bothP< 0.05), but there was no significant difference between DAS and DXM treated groups.ConclusionTreatment with an intraperitoneally injection of DAS is capable of attenuate the extent of PQ-induced ALI in rats by alleviating pulmonary edema, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α in lung tissue, and ameliorating pathological changes in lung tissue.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of Feikang Granules (FG) on airway remodeling and D-xylose excretory rate in pulmonosplenic asthenia rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods SPF SD rats were equally randomized into four groups:normal control group,COPD model control group,high-dose FG group,and low-dose FG group. The pulmonosplenic asthenia rats models with COPD were established by the way of smoking with cigarettes,repeated infusion of lipopolysaccharide in the airway and feeding with decoction of Folium Sennae.The general health state of rats was observed,and pathological changes of lung tissue were examined by the optical microscope. The wall thickness of small airway in rats was measured and the excretory rate of D-xylose was detected by bromoaniline method. Results Compared with the model control group,weight was increased,the pathological changes of pulmonary alveoli andbronchiole were relieved,small airway wall thickness became thin,and D-xylose excretory rate increased in high-dose and low-dose FG groups and the normal control group,the difference being significant (P

Objectives To implement the guideline-based clinical practice program for identification and manage-ment of dysphagia in stroke patients,and to create a good evidence-based practice culture,and to improve the quality of clinical care. Methods In this study,we use the Iowa model of evidence-based practice as a guide, reference guide issued by RNAO to implement the corresponding implementation strategy tool,and gradually apply the program to the pilot ward. Results The implementation of the program had a positive impact on the patient level (quality of life,satisfaction and hospitalization),the nurse level(satisfaction and knowledge),and the level of eachau-ditcriteria. Conclusion It is possible to improve the clinical nursing quality by adapting the high quality guide-lines for the identification and management of dysphagia in foreign countries and this study can provide reference for the research of future guideline implementation.