Objective To explore the association between three SNPs of IL 10 promoter and childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Three SNPs( 1082/ 819/ 592) were genotypes,and evidence for linkage disequilibrium was analyzed using Genehunter 2 0 software.The correlations between symptoms and haplotypes were assessed.Results The results showed that all genotypes and haplotypes in the IL 10 promoter region exhibited to significant association with childhood SLE,and no significant differences in clinical features among childhood SLE with various haplotypes could be demonstrated.But the frequence of haplotype GCC ( 1082 *G 819 *C 592 *C) in children with SLE and their parents was higher than that in adult SLE patients and adult normal controls,and the frequence of ATA in children with SLE was lower than that of adult SLE patients.Conclusion It is concluded that haplotype GCC might have certain relationship with childhood SLE,which deserves further study.

Objective: To develop a molecular screening test for genetic defects on hearing loss related genes has significant impacts on early identification of hereditary hearing loss and genetic susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Early identification of pre-lingual hearing loss is very important for patient's language development, academic achievement, and social skill. Two common mutations, the 235delC in GJB2 gene and the mutation A1555G in mitochondrial DNA, are included in the newly developed screening panel for Chinese population. Methods: A molecular genetic assay, based on fluorescent labeled multiplex PCR and automatic DNA fragment analyzing techniques, was developed to detect both mutations simultaneously. Results: This assay was able to detect both mutations from patient's samples, and pooled DNA tests, as well as suitable to detect mutation from the DNA extracted from dried blood spot and buccal swab. Conclusion: This assay could be a useful tool for newborn screening and carrier screening for the hereditary hearing loss for the Chinese population.

Objective　In order to find out influencing factors of corrosiveness of common chemical disinfectants used at present for medical instruments on varied metal material, and to offer scientific bases for working -out corresponding state standards. Methods　Liquid instruments disinfectants containing chlorine and glutaraldehyde compound disinfectant were chose to take an example to study their corrosiveness to varied sorts and type s of the metal. Sing le related factors were researched by contrast test study in the process of dete rmining metal corrosion rate (R value, mm*a-1) citing from GB10124-88 me thod. Results　Varied chemical disinfectants had different metal R valu e. R value was in fluenced by kinds of metal pieces, sorts of soaked vessel material, drying tempe rature, whether changing liquid disinfectants or not and water quality, while d ifferent capacity of balance measure had no effect on R value. Concl usi ons　R value was affected by kinds and types of metal pieces and other factors. These fac tors should be considered sufficiently while determining or comparing corrosiven ess of chemical disinfectants to soaked metal.

Objective To investigate the expression of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) gene in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and to evaluate the possible connections between STAT2 gene expression levels and clinical features. Methods One hundred and forty-four SLE patients, 27 non-SLE patients with other rheumatisms and 58 normal controls were recruited for this research, and the subjects were surveyed for clinical data collection. SYBR Green Dye based real-time quantitative PCR method was used to compare the expression levels of STAT2 in patients with SLE and those in the controls. The correlation of the gene expression levels and disease activity and specificity was studied. Results STAT2 expression levels (5.2±1.7) in SLE patients were remarkably higher than those in non-SLE patients and normal controls (4.3±1.1, 4.5±1.2, P<0.01 in both). The expression levels of STAT1 were increased in active SLE patients(5.2±1.5), comparing with those observed in inactive SLE patients (4.8±2.9, P<0.01), and expression levels of STAT1 in SLE patients were negatively correlated with C3 levels in sera (r=-0.449, P<0.01) whereas were positively correlated with SLEDAI-2K score and 24 hour urine protein (r=0.317, 0.309, P<0.01 in both). Conclusion Over-expression of STAT2 gene in the peripheral blood cells is linked with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the elevated expression level of STAT2 is correlated with SEE disease activity.

ObjectiveTo further understand the clinic manifestations of childhood primary Sjogren's Syndrome(pSS) and enhance early diagnosis. MethodsFive cases of pSS from Renji Hospital, Shanghai, were reported and their clinical features were analysoed. And literatures from Medline database and Weipu database were reviewed and discussed. Results①Childhood pSS had various clinic presentations that were non-specific and sicca symptoms were absent or occur late in most cases. ② The most common presentations were recurrent parotiditis and cutaneous manifestations with various locations and forms. ③ American-European Criteria for SS were not suitable for the diagnosis of childhood pSS. ConclusionRecurrent parotiditis and cutaneous manifestations in children can be used as clues for the diagnosis of childhood pSS but needs to be further confirmed by the positive results of salivary gland biopsy and autoantibodies examination, particularly SSA/SSB.

Objective:To observe the expression of BTLA on T cells during activation and further analyze its inhibitory effects on T cell activation in different phases.Methods: T cells from PBMC were enriched by negative selection using magnetic beads.Expression of BTLA,CTLA-4 and PD-1 on freshly isolated human T cells and kinetics expression of BTLA,CILA-4 and PD-1 on CD3 mAb stimulated T cells were examined by flow cytometry.T cells were stimulated by anti-CD3 mAb combined with anti-CD28 mAb in the presence of anti-BTLA mAb 8H9,then T cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay in the different culture time.Immature DCs were generated from monocytes cultured in the medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4, and further driven to maturation by anti-CD40 mAb.Expression of HVEM on DCs was measured by flow cytometry.T cells were co-cultured with DCs in the presence of soluble 8H9 or anti-HVEM antibody to block HVEM-BTLA interaction,T cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Results:Freshly isolated T cells exhibited high levels of BTLA expression, but not CTLA-4 and PD-1.After T cell activation, BTLA expression decreased on first 2 days, with rapidly increasing to high levels.Unlike BTLA, expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 was gradually increased during T cell activation.8H9 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cell stimulated by CD3 mAb and CD28 mAb.8H9 could still exhibit inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation after 24 h or 48 h of preactivation by CD3 mAb plus CD28 mAb stimulation.HVEM was highly expressed on immature DCs, and down-regulated on mature DCs.Blockade of BTLA by soluble 8H9 or anti-HVEM antibody enhanced DC-mediated T cell proliferation within 48 h.Conclusion: BTLA signal enhances the threshold of T cell activation and plays importantly negative regulatory role in the initiation and early phase of T cell activation.

Objective The aim is to inquiring into the diagnosis and discrimination of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with centric nervous system (CNS) infection.Method The retrospective analysis of 14 patients with SLE and CNS infection was made.Results These patients were treated by corticosteroid for a long time before CNS infection.There were 4 patients with cryptococcal meningitis,3 with suppurative meningitis,5 with tuberculosis meningitis,1 with encephalopyosis and 1 with unclear diagnosis.Conclusion Pathogenic microbiological assay of cerebrospinal fluid is a reliable basis for diagnosis of SLE with CNS infection.The diagnosis of patients without pathogenic organism depends on original infection,manifestations,difference of cerebrospinal fluid and head CT.The differentiation of SLE complicated with CNS infection from SLE encepalophathy is important.

Objective To continue to study if there is any other pathogenic gene expression related to Th1/Th2 abnormal differentiation,based on the author′s previous results,which have shown that Th1/Th2 unbalance is due to the cytokines and cytokine receptors of differentiation.Methods TaqMan Real time PCR was used to detect the gene expression of Th1/Th2 control in recent onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients ( n =38).The genes include I?B,IRF 1,STAT4,GATA3,IL 4R and the others such as CCR1,CCR2,CCR4,CCR5,caepase 1 and CD38,which participate in inflammation,cell apoptosis and so on.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients ( n =50) and normal people ( n =28) were control groups.Results ① Resent onset SLE patients comparing to normal people:STAT4 expression in IL 2/IL 12R ? 2/STAT4 access which induced Th1 differentiation increased significantly ( P 0 05) ;GATA3 expression which induced Th2 differentiation in IL 4/IL 4R/GATA3 access decreased significantly ( P

Objective To correlate the expression levels of interferon inducible genes (IFIGs) with disease activity and clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patiems,.Methods Peripheral blood cells obtained from 67 SLE patients and 23 healthy donors (HDs) were subjected to real-time PCR to measure the transcriptional levels of five IFIGs (OAS-1,Mx-1,Ly6e,IFIT1 and IFIT4).Interferon scores were calculated and were compared between various groups of SLE patients as well as between patients and controls;ISRE lucife:rase reporter gene activity was measured in 17 of 67 patients and correlated with interferon score.Results Interferon scores were strongly correlated with ISRIE reporter gene aetivity,which represented for the type Ⅰ interferon activity in serum.The expression.levels of IFIGs and jinterferon scores were significantly elevated in SLE patients compared with HDs (P＜0.0001).Interferon scores were correlated positively with SLEDAI-2K(P=0.0006) and negatively with C3 levels(P=0.0162).Interferon scores were also significantly elevated in SLE patients with a positive anti-Sm or anti-RNP autoantibodies.Clonclusion The interferon score may be regarded as a good indicator for serum type I interferon activity in SLE and serves as a new hiomarker for disease activity in SLE patients.

Objective To explore the effects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility gene IFIT1 on chemokine expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and its possible role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methods The expression vector of pEGFP-N1/IFIT1 was transfected into RAW264.7 cells by electroporation. 24 h after transfection, cells were stimulated with LPS ( 1 μg/ml). The transcriptional levels of chemokine MIP-1α, RANTES, CCL9, CXCL2 and IP-10 were measured at various time points after stimu-lation using real-time quantitative PCR. The chemokine expression levels in the kidneys of 8 week-old NZB/NZW F1 mice were also determined by real time PCR. Results Compared with cells transfected with null vector, IFIT1 high RAW264.7 cells produced significantly increased levels of MIP-1α, RANTES, CCL9, CXCL2 and IP-10 both at 4 h and 24 h after stimulation (P<0.05). Chemokine expression levels were signi-ficantly elevated in kidneys of 8 week-old NZB/NZW F1 mice compared with those of 8 week-old BALB/c mice controls (P<0.05). Conclusion IFIT1 may participate in target organ damages in SLE via augmentation of chemokine production by macrophage cells.