Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE)is defined as early hepatic encephalopathy without grossly evident neurologic abnormali-ties,but with cognitive deficits that can be revealed by psychometric testing.However,numerous studies have shown a lack of obvious clini-cal manifestations in MHE patients,and there is no international unified diagnostic gold standard for this disease.Affected patients′quality of life and ability to work are markedly impaired,and some even gradually progress to symptomatic hepatic encephalopathy.The treatment methods for MHE mainly include eliminating the precipitating factors for this disease and medication.This review presents the options for treatment of MHE and gives an objective evaluation of the efficacy of each treatment scheme.Currently,several treatment methods are used together,but no studies have demonstrated that combined use of treatment methods can improve the treatment outcome.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution.There is an upward trend in the incidence of this disease in recent years,and multiple systems and organs are affected.Complication of bone and joint is the most commonly seen of Brucellosis.Although cardiovascular complication is rare,it is the major reason for Brucellosis-related mortality.The author summarized domestic and foreign studies on Brucella endocarditis.

Case 1, a 63-year-old female patient presented with blisters and bullae arising in erythema all over the body with itching for 2 months. Two years ago, the patient underwent peri-intestinal lymph node dissection for the treatment of malignant melanoma of the rectum and anal canal, and received intravenous injection of toripalimab for preventive treatment for 1 year, and generalized skin lesions occurred 2 weeks after drug withdrawal. Direct immunofluorescence testing of erythema on the upper extremities showed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) was deposited along the basement membrane zone; salt-split indirect immunofluorescence testing of a serum sample showed liner deposition of IgG in the epidermis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that the serum level of anti-BP180 antibodies was over 200 U/ml. The patient was diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid, but it was doubtful whether the disease was caused by PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab or not. Then, the patient received oral minocycline at a dose of 200 mg/d and prednisolone acetate at a dose of 20 mg/d, and topically applied halometasone cream all over the body. After half-a-month treatment, the blisters crusted over and the erythema darkened in color. Case 2, a 36-year-old female patient presented with generalized blisters and itching for more than 3 months. The skin lesions manifested as tense blisters, bullae, bloody bullae and crusts on the edematous erythema. The patient had a 3-year history of vaginal malignant melanoma, which was stage Ⅳ postoperative melanoma with local recurrence and lymph node metastasis nearby the right iliac vessels. After 2-year treatment with intravenous injection of toripalimab, generalized skin lesions occurred all over the body. Direct immunofluorescence testing of the erythema showed weakly positive staining for IgG, and linear deposition of IgG along the basement membrane zone; salt-split indirect immunofluorescence testing of a serum sample showed liner deposition of IgG in the epidermis. ELISA revealed that the serum level of anti-BP180 antibodies was over 200 U/ml. The case 2 was diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid, but it was also doubtful whether the disease was caused by PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab or not. Then, the case 2 was treated with oral doxycycline at a dose of 200 mg/d and oral prednisolone acetate at a dose of 40 mg/d. After 2-week treatment, the blisters completely crusted over and erythema darkened in color.

Objective:The glucemic index(GI)and insulin index(II)of wheat flour, oat fiber and resistant starch (RS) were studied.Method:Ten healthy subjects consumed 4 kinds of carbohydrate foods: glucose powder,wheat flour food, oat fiber food and RS food.Up to 120 min after consumption of test materials, blood samples were taken for glucose and insulin analyses.Results:The GI value of wheat flour food, oat fiber food, RS food was 88.24?20.84,60.16?14.16,47.05?10.22 respectively,regarding glucose powder as 100 . The II value of them was 83.06 ? 10.68 , 68.32 ? 17.08, 60.26 ? 30.1 respectively.The area and peak level under the glucose-response curve and insulin-response curve of RS food were significantly lower than those of glucose powder and wheat flour food (P

Liver failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by serious liver damages.It can results from a variety of causes,and the prognosis is usually poor.How to objectively assess the severity of liver failure and accurately predict the prognosis are the hot spots and challenges in studies on liver failure.The assessment criteria and models widely used clinically include:Child-Turotte-Pugh (CTP) score,acute physiology,age and chronic health evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ/Ⅲ score,King's College Hospital (KCH) criteria,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score.Besides,more factors are identified as potential markers in prognosis assessment.This paper reviews the importance of prognosis assessment in liver failure,and introduces current and new systems or markers in prognosis assessment.

Objective To study whether arsenic can induce p53 gene mutation in the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the skin cancer tissue of the patients with endemic arsenism in Xinjiang. Methods PCR-SSCP silver staining technique was employed to detect the mutation of exon E5-9 of p53 gene. Results Gel electrophoresis imaging demonstrated Exon E6, 7 of p53 gene appeared abnormal strips, strip absence and strip shift. Conclusion Arsenic can induce p53 gene mutation, the mutation sites located on exon E6,7.

Objective To study the volume of total prostate and the volume of its transitional zone in different age groups of elderly men. Methods 213 elderly men of 50 to 79 years of age from a community of Beijing city were divided into 3 groups and studied. The volume of total prostate and the volume of the transitional zone were measured by rectal ultrasonography and the index of the transitional zone was calculated. All the data were evaluated with statistical analysis. Results The number of subjects in the 50～59 age group was 75,in the 60～69 age group 81 and in the 70～79 age group 57.The volume of total prostate was 23.82?8.83,29.16?10.01 and 33.77?11.74 respectively and the transitional zone 1.52?1.19, 3.60?3.66 and 7.25?7.02ml respectively. The index of transitional was 0.10?0.12, 0.13?0.11, 0.20?0.11 respectively. The difference in volume of the total prostate has not been statistically significant whereas the difference in the volume of the transitional zone between the 3 age groups has been significant. Conclusions The volume of total prostate and that of the transitional zone increases with age. The speed of hyperplasia of the transitional zone has been faster than that of the whole prostate.The index of the transitional zone indicates the difference of the whole prostate and the transitional zone in hyperplasia.

Objective To study the prostate volume,prostate weight and the clinical parameters in BPH patients and to investigate the interrelationships between the relevant parameters. Methods The complete data of 80 cases of BPH underwent open surgery were reviewed and analyzed.SPSS software was uesd to make the statistical analysis. Results The volume of surgical specimen has been positively correlated with PV( r=0.872,P

Objective To study cloning and the primary function of a new gene AsTP2 transactivated by arsenic trioxide. Methods Using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, the mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide (5?mol/L) and 0.9 percent sodium chloride, respectively, then cDNA was synthesized. SSH method was employed to analyze the differentially expressed DNA sequences between the two groups. From the subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by arsenic trioxide, the coding sequence of a new gene was obtained by bioinformatics method, and amplified by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The novel gene was named as AsTP2, which was logged in the GenBank with the accession number AY744366. AsTP2 of 1119 nucleotides (nt), coding a protein of 372 amino acid residues (aa). Conclusion A new gene has been recognized as the new target transactivated by arsenic trioxide. The results will give a new clue to explore the molecular carcinogenic mechanism of inorganic arsenic.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze and compare the congruity between Maria and DDW-J standard and Roussel uclaf causali-ty assessment method(RUCAM)for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury(DILI),and evaluate its application. METHODS:In ret-rospective analysis,the clinical data of 122 patients with DILI with RUCAM ≥3 scores was quantitatively scored by Maria and DDW-J standard,χ2 test was conducted for statistical analysis. RESULTS:Among the 122 cases,120 cases(98.4%)were classi-fied as“likely and possible”by DDW-J standard,which was significantly higher than the 58 cases(47.5%)that classified as“pos-sible”by Maria standard,with statistical significance;and compared with Maria standard,DDW-J standard was more closer to RU-CAM scoring results. CONCLUSIONS:DDW-J standard is superior to Maria standard,and close to RUCAM scoring results for DI-LI;RUCAM is still the DILI diagnostic evaluation system with high accuracy and operability.