BACKGROUND: Glycemic index (GI) is a physiological index of carbohydrate food. It has been found out in epidemiological studies that GI is useful in controlling and preventing some chronic diseases such as diabetes,cardiovascular disease,obesity.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the acceptance and practical significance of GI knowledge in diabetic patients by comparing with the traditional education with food exchange list (FEL)as the main material.DESIGN:A comparative observational test.SETTING:Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two diabetic patients volunteered to join in the study were selected from the Department Endocrinology of Beijiog No.6 Hospital from October 2000 to February 2002,including 36 males and 36 female of 10-70 years old with an average age of 58 years.METHODS:The 72 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to two groups:① GI group which received GI-based nutrition education;② FEL group receiving FEL-based nutrition education.They were educated for 5 months by means of classes,personal education and consultation by telephone.The changes of knowledge,food selection and blood glucose in the diabetic patients were observed before and after education.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of the awareness of nutrition education,fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) before and after education.RESULTS: All the 72 diabetic patients were involved in the analysis of results.①The correct answering rates after education were obviously higher than that before education (P<0.01).Before education,the correct rates of answers to GI questions in the Gl group were lower than the correct rates of answers to FEL questions in the FEL group (0 vs.6.5%,P<0.01).After education,the correct rates in the Gl group were higher than those in the FEL group (92.2%VS.79.4%,P<0.01): whereas there were no significant differences in the average correct rate of answer to the same question between the two groups (P>0.05).The Gl group was better than the FEL group in selecting cereal,fruit,bean and its.products (P<0.01).② The FBG and 2hPBG after education were lower than those before education in both groups(P<0.01),whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The knowledge of GI was better accepted than that of FEL by the diabetic patients in dietary treatment.

Objective: To analyze the phytosterols content in cereals and legumes commonly consumed in China, and to estimate the intake of phytosterols in Chinese people. Methods: 25 cereals and 16 legumes were chosen as samples. The content of ?-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, ?-sitostanol, campestanol were analyzed by GC methods and the total phytosterols were calculated; The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people were estimated using the data of “Survey on the Status of Nutrition and Health of the Chinese People” in 2002. Results: The content of phytosterols in wheat flour was higher than that in rice. The refinements of cereals will decrease the phytosterols content. Phytosterols content in soybean was higher than other legumes. The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people was estimated to be 130.76mg/d from cereals and 7.86mg/d from legumes. Conclusion: The analysis of phytosterols in food and the estimation of daily intake is valuable for chronic disease prevention. The higher consumption of wheat flour and legumes in diet is recommended.

Objective: To examine the effects of the education with glycemic index(GI)on dietary knowledge,attitude and practice of diabetic patients,and on their blood glucose and lipid.Methods: Seventy-two subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly assingned into two groups. The test group (group GI) mainly learned the knowledge about GI of food. The controlled group (group FEL) mainly learned the knowledge about food exchange list(FEL). Outcomes were assessed by the change of dietary knowledge, attitude and practice, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose ( 2 hPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), and blood lipids which include total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and lipid comprehensive index (LCI). The period lasted five months. Results: The percent of correct answer for GI questions was increased significantly from 0 % before education to 92.2% after education (P

Objective: To study the effects of zinc on transport function of erythrocyte membrane. Methods: This study was conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, weanling rats were divided into three groups and fed with different zinc diets (2.2, 28 and 128 mg Zn/kg diet) for four weeks, the transport function of Na +/K + pump, COTS-1, COTS-2, Gardos and RF channels were determined. In vitro, different concentration of zinc (0,5,10,50,100 and 500 ?mol Zn 2+ /L) were added into fresh human blood and the activities of the five transport channels were detected. Results: Proper zinc could keep the highest activities of Na +/K + pump, COTS-2 and Gardos channel. Too low or too high zinc decreased the transport function of these three channels and the activities of COTS-1 and RF channel were increased with the increase of zinc concentration, indicating the competitive function of these two channels. Conclusion: Zinc plays an important role in maintaining the transport function of erythrocyte membrane.

Objective To analyze the phytosterol content in plant materials commonly used in functional food in China.Method Thirty kinds of food commonly used as medicines and forty kinds of Chinese herbs were chosen as samples.The contents of phytosterols(?-sitosterol,campesterol,stigmasterol,?-sitostanol) were analyzed by GC methods established by our laboratory.Results The frequency of various plant materials used in functional food was different,e-g.hawthorn about 408 times and huangqi 342 times.Phytosterols were contained in all samples analyzed,but were different in contents,some less than 10mg/100g while some more than 380mg/100g.In most samples,?-sitosterol is the largest portion of total phytosterol.Conclusion The phytosterols are important functional ingredients in plant materials frequently used in Chinese traditional medicine.The data of phytosterol contents in plant materials are valuable for utilization and further study in functional food.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI)in clean wound orthopedics surgery.Methods SSI among patients receiving clean wound orthopedic surgery from April 1 to Sep-tember 30 in 2014 were monitored,risk factors for SSI were analyzed.Results A total of 665 patients were moni-tored,14 cases(2.11 %)of SSI occurred.Univariate analysis showed that types of skin,skin preparation modes, and ASA score were risk factors for SSI in clean wound orthopedic surgery (all P <0.05 ).Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that conventional skin preparation,ASA score ≥ grade Ⅱ,and duration of operation ≥90 minutes were independent risk factors for SSI in patients receiving clean wound orthopedic surgery (OR [95%CI ],3.96 [1 .07-14.70],6.45[1 .97-21 .11],and 4.08[1 .35 -12.30]respectively).Conclusion The improved method of skin preparation,grade I ASA score,and shortening duration of operation can reduce the incidence of SSI in clean wound orthopedic surgery,on the basis of improving the autoimmunization of patients,strengthening prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection can reduce the incidence of SSI in clean wound orthopedic surgery.

Retrospectively from February, 2006 to June, 2009 the clinical characteristics of 14 misdiagnosed cases of insulinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analysed. The rate of misdiagnosis was 38% ( 14/37). The rate of IRI/G≤0. 3 was 33%. Insulinoma has often been misdiagnosised when IRI/G≤0. 3. Hence a diagnosis of insulinoma can not be excluded with this IRI/G rate.

Objective To investigate the status of professional self-concept of nurses and its influencing factors of Clinical registered nursing major in Guangdong. In order to provide the basic theory of improving the level of professional self-concept of nurses. Methods A total of 280 nurses were investigated from different levels and deployment of hospitals by convenient sampling method and with Nursing Professional Self-concept Scale (PSCNI).With variance analysis, two-sample t test and multiple stepwise regression analysis to analyze the influence of professional self-concept of nurses by demographic questions. Results The score of professional self-concept of nurses was (85.79±9.23) points, the project average score was (2.86 ± 0.31) points which were positive. Dimension score of flexibility was the highest which was (3.23±0.44) points. Dimension score of communication skills was the lowest which was (2.62± 0.38)points. Age、years of work, marital status, job title, whether hold executive duties、the choice of career, job satisfaction (t/F=1.29, 1.53, -3.13, 1.88, 3.68, 3.59, 1.68, P<0.01)all had a significant impact on professional self-concept of nurses. And age, the choice of career and job satisfaction (t=4.385,-2.889,-2.268, P=0.000, 0.004, 0.024)were three main related factors of the score of professional self-concept. Conclusions The professional self-concept of nurses was positive, but it is also unbalanced. Nursing managers should be concentrate on increasing the level of professional self-concept of young and involuntary nurses, and also according to the characteristics of hospitals and departments to improve the job satisfaction of nurses to achieve the purpose of improving the professional self-concept of nurses themselves.

Objective:To study the changing characteristics and impact factors of helical tomotherapy (HT)for longitudinal dose fall-off outside the target, in order to guide the plan junction or pretreatment target and implementation efficiency in clinical.Methods:Eight patients with head and neck tumors admitted to the Department of Oncology Radiotherapy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in December 2019 were retrospectively selected as the research objects. The planning target area and dose drop structure were outlined in the head and neck images with a thickness of 1 mm obtained by Siemens SOMATOM Definition AS positioning computerized tomography (CT). Different field widths (FW, 5.0 cm/2.5 cm/1.0 cm) and pitches (0.430/0.287/0.215) were assembled for planning with the same modulation factor (1.8), finest does calculation grid (0.195 cm ×0.195 cm) and other planning parameters were consistent. The plans were designed by different parameters, and the result was analyzed by univariate analysis.Results:The that different pitch curves coincided under the same field width by comparative analyzing, so pitchs had no effect on dose drop. The different field width curves were independent of each other, indicating that the field width had an effect on dose drop in the head and foot direction. The relationship between the longitudinal dose drop speed outside the target and the change of the field width was inversely correlated: the larger field widths meant the slower dose fall-off and the larger penumbra, while the smaller field widths meant the faster fall-off and the smaller penumbra. When the dose fall-off to 50% of the prescribed dose, the distance from the target was approximately equal to half the field widths, and the pitchs had not affect the rate of dose-drop, while the dose at different distances from the target boundary could be calculated by the fitting formulas. The field widths and pitchs had little effect on the CI and HI index of the target, relatively, the target area was best when the field width was 2.5 cm. The total beam-on time gradually decreased with the increase of the field widths and pitches.Conclusions:When segment target therapy needs to consider planning junction, execution efficiency, and controlling longitudinal dose fall-off and considered the execution, the optimal planned parameters such as field widths and pitches could be selected or the target at the junction regions could be adducted according to the longitudinal dose drop formula, so as to achieve the ideal dose distribution.

Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) is a key linker in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the progression of the tumour. Recent studies have shown that the activating mutation of MYD88 L265P has been identified in about of 90% lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and about of 40% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other subtypes of B-cell proliferative neoplasms. Different types of B-cell proliferative neoplasms have their own histology, immunohistochemistry and clinical characteristics, thus, mutation rates of MYD88 L265P are different. This review discusses the latest progress of MYD88 L265P mutation in B-cell proliferative neoplasms.