As a safe and noninvasive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) are used to change the cortical excitability, and induce or enhance neural plasticity, which can promote the recovery of motor function after stroke. This paper summarized the individual treatment of rTMS on motor function of stroke patients, the advantages of TBS compared with rTMS, and the mechanisms and clinical application of TBS.

BACKGROUND:Similarly with C-reactive protein, red blood cel distribution width can reflect the inflammatory process. Red blood cels involved in inflammatory process leads to the increase in red blood cel distribution width due to various inflammation factor receptors existingon the surface of red blood cel s. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between the neutrophils lymphocyte ratio, red blood cel distribution width and the pathogenesis andseverity of idiopathic facial paralysis. METHODS:The severity of idiopathic facial paralysis was assessed using the House and Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System (HB) and Sunnybrook System (SB) in 30 included patients with idiopathic facial paralysis (disease group). The patients were graded as general (score 30-100) and severe paralysis (score 0-29) according to SB scores, or as mild (grade II/III), moderate (grade IV), severe paralysis (grade V/VI) according to HB grades. In addition, 30 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Neutrophils lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cel distribution width (RDW) were compared between groups. The correlation of SB and HB scores with neutrophils lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cel distribution width was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Neutrophils lymphocyte ratio was higher in the disease group than the control group (P< 0.01). A significant difference in red blood cel distribution width was found between different stages of disease severityin patients. Red blood cel distribution width was negatively correlated with SB scores (P< 0.01), while was positively correlated with HB grades (P< 0.01). Our results suggest that (1) neutrophils lymphocyte ratio is increased when idiopathic facial paralysis occurs; (2) red blood cel distribution widthis positively correlated with the severity of idiopathic facial paralysis, which indicates that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic facial paralysis, and red blood cel distribution may be a marker for assessing the severity of idiopathic facial paralysis.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a frequently-occurring cardiovascular disease in the clinical setting with high mortality rate.Negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression, are common in patients with CHD. These negative emotions predict a worse prognosis and rehabilitation outcome and impair the patients' quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation can improve the emotion of anxiety and depression effectively and provide superior benefits in quality of life in CHD patients.

Facial nerve grading system (FNG) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis, and also serves as a primary tool for prognosis. Subjective grading systems are currently the most widely used methods due to their easy accessibility, popularization and low costs. Objective grading systems, which have obvious advantages in terms of index quantization, repeatability and consistency between evaluators, will become the mainstream in future application and possess development prospect despite their limitation of technology and cost. This article reviewd the clinical application of different types of FNGs in facial nerve grading among different periods, and made a summarization of currently-existing facial nerve grading methods. It may provide a scientific and reasonable reference to the constitution, filter and application of facial nerve grading systems in treating idiopathic facial paralysis.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is a member of MMP family, can degrade extracellular matrix. During the early stage of cerebral ischemia, MMP-2 degrades endothelial tight junction and basal lamina resulting in the opening of blood-brain barrier. During the late stage, MMP-2 promotes neurovascular regeneration and the recovery of the damaged brain tissue.

Recently, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) passway has been found to play an important role in the inflammation injury after cerebral infarction, and exercise seems to induce a downregulation of TLR4 expression in various tissues. It is possible that TLR4 plays an important role in the mechanism of rehabilitation after a cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life(QOL) of stroke patients at acute phase, and study the dependability of QOL with activities of daily living(ADL) and other influencing factors. Methods 47 patients with acute stroke were selected in this study, evaluating their ADL, QOL with the Barthel index and the Short Form-36(SF-36), compared their QOL scores with that of ordinary Chinese norms, Meanwhile, recording the patients' basic information: gender, age and so on, and studying the relationship between them and QOL in these patients.Results The Results showed that the stroke patients in acute phase have a lower QOL compared with ordinary Chinese norms, there is a varying dependability between QOL and ADL, gender, age, disease type, diseased region, living environment of these patients, of which, ADL, age, disease type were the most conspicuous.Conclusion The stroke could reduce the QOL of patients and ADL, age, disease type were the most important factors.

Objective To observe the effect of core stability training on the associated reaction of upper limbs in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods From November, 2014 to May, 2016, sixty stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and treatment group (n=30). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the treatment group received core stability training for 20 minutes during exercise. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assess-ment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Associated Reaction Rating Scale (ARRS) before and 6 weeks after treatment. Results The scores of FMA-UE, FMA-LE, BBS and ARRS improved significantly in both groups after treatment (t>12.158, P<0.001), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (t>2.317, P<0.05). Conclusion Core stability training can re-lieve the associated reaction of upper limb in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Urinary tract infections remain the most frequent infection in patients with either traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord inju-ry. The urinary tract infections are closely related to impaired bladder storage, voiding dysfunction, and use of indwelling catheters after spi-nal cord injury. Repeated urinary tract infections can cause upper urinary tract deterioration, and related chronic or repeated exposure to the antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections increases the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization. Therefore, it is important to de-termine appropriate urinary tract infections treatment in spinal cord injury patients who are admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. The limita-tions of the usual measures in prevention of urinary tract infections in this population have led the way to explore more innovative modali-ties and approaches. We reviewed the researches of urinary tract infections on spinal cord injury. It is presented to provide reference for clini-cal diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the risk factors of stroke- associated pneumonia (SAP) in stroke patients. Methods A retrospective study was designed to analyze the clinical data of 159 patients with stroke. They were divided into SAP group (n=35) and non-SAP group (n=124). Their age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gastric mucosal protective agents, dysphagia after stroke (DAS), stroke history, type of stroke, hypoproteinemia, disturbance of consciousness, nasal feeding and smoking were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results 22% of the 159 patients suffered from SAP. Univariate analysis showed, there was statistical difference in age (P<0.01), gastric mucosal protective agents (P<0.01), DAS (P<0.01), hypoalbuminemia (P<0.05), disturbance of consciousness (P<0.05), nasal feeding (P<0.001) and smoking (P<0.01) between two groups. Binary Logistic regression for the multivariate analysis indicated that age≥70 years old, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking were the risk factors related with SAP. After adjusting for all other variables, the odds of SAP were 5.119 times higher for patients requiring nasal feeding than those without nasal feeding. Conclusion There is a high morbidity for SAP, which is attributed to multiple factors. Age≥70, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking may be the most important risk factors related with SAP.