Objective To inverstigate the efficiency and safety of transcatheter uterine artery embolization (TUAE) as well as the pathological changes and it′s significance after embolization. Methods 44 cases of uterine fibroids were treated by TUAE using lipiodol pingyangmycin emulsion (LPE) and Gelfoam sponge paeticles. Seven of 44 cases underwent hysterectomy or myomectomy from 1 to 6 weeks after TUAE.The specimens were studied to observe pathological changes of fibroids and myometrium. 37 of 44 patients were followed up for 1 to 6 months to observe the changes of fibroid size and uterine volume. The changes of ovarian function and myometrium after TUAE were found out by observation on mensis, test of ovarian hormone, premenstrual diagnostic curettage and pathology of the resected specimens. Results Total improvement of symptams occurred in 91.9%(34/37), including control of menorrhagia in 91.4%(32/35), disappearance of lumbago and lower abdominal pain in 85 3%(29/34),relief of freguency and urgency of micturition in 50.0%(7/14). Average decrease of fibroid and uterine volume at 6 months after TUAE was 61.3% and 50.6% respectively. No amenorrhea happened. Premenstrual diagnostic curettage showed secretory endomtrium. There was no significant difference in ovarian hormon level befor and after embolization. Pathological study showed that lipiodol was found to deposit in fibroids and was not seen in myometrium. Spotty necrosis 2 weeks occurred in fibroid and extensive patchy necrosis 3 weeks after embolization. The necrotic area became larger with elapse of time postoperative. Necrosis was not seen in myometrium. Conclusion TUAE is a new ,and effective procedure for uterine fibroid and LPE as an embolizing agent is safe without damage on myometrium.