ObjectiveTo investigate the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2736340 and rs2618476) inBLK gene with Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesion in Chinese Han children.MethodsIn the case-control study, 179 children with KD were selected and 182 healthy check-up children during the same period were selected as normal controls. The genotypes of two SNPs inBLK gene were detected using PCR-RFLP and the data were analyzed. ResultsThere was no difference in distribution of three genotypes (TT, CT, and CC) of SNP rs2736340 between KD group and control group (P=0.093). However, T allele frequency in KD group was signiifcantly higher than that in control group (P=0.021). The distribution of three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) of SNP rs2618476 between KD group and control group was signiifcantly different (P=0.021). C allele frequency in KD group was signiifcantly higher than that in control group (P=0.006). The two SNPs inBLK gene were not associated with rash, hand-foot edema and coronary artery lesion (CAL), but SNP (rs2618476) was asso-ciated with oral mucosa lesions (P=0.018).ConclusionsThe SNP (rs2736340) inBLK gene was not associated with KD, but the T-allele was associated with KD. The SNP (rs2618476) was associated with KD in Han Chinese, and was also associated with oral mucosa lesions in KD patients.

Objective To investigate the association between nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1569723 in CD40 gene) and clinical characteristics in Kawasaki disease (KD) in Han Chinese children. Methods A case-control study was performed,and 179 children with KD and other 197 normal children served as controls were included. The SNP genotypes were detected using PCR-RFLP, and all data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results It was found that the SNP (rs1569723) was associated with KD (P=0.048), and the frequency of A allele in KD group was higher than that in control group (OR=1.505, 95%CI:1.095-2.070, P=0.012). SNP genotypes were associated with rash and lymphadenopathy (P=0.041, 0.047), but not associated with conjunctival hyperemia, hand-foot edema, oral mucosa lesions, and coronary artery lesion (P=0.688,0.758, 0.557, 0.552). Conclusions Genotypes of SNP (rs1569723) were associated with KD susceptibility, and A-allele is a risk allele. The SNP loci might be associated with rash and lymphadenopathy in KD in Han Chinese.

The purpose of using brain-computer interface (BCI) is to build a bridge between brain and computer for the disable persons, in order to help them to communicate with the outside world. Electroencephalography (EEG) has low signal to noise ratio (SNR), and there exist some problems in the traditional methods for the feature extraction of EEG, such as low classification accuracy, lack of spatial information and huge amounts of features. To solve these problems, we proposed a new method based on time domain, frequency domain and space domain. In this study, independent component analysis (ICA) and wavelet transform were used to extract the temporal, spectral and spatial features from the original EEG signals, and then the extracted features were classified with the method combined support vector machine (SVM) with genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed method displayed a better classification performance, and made the mean accuracy of the Graz datasets in the BCI Competitions of 2003 reach 96%. The classification results showed that the proposed method with the three domains could effectively overcome the drawbacks of the traditional methods based solely on time-frequency domain when the EEG signals were used to describe the characteristics of the brain electrical signals.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

Objective Toinvestigate the molecular characteristics including antibiotic resistance,strain type,serotype,virulence,biofilm formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Shanghai adult patients.Methods A total of 37 non-repetitive S.pneumoniae isolates causing community acquired and hospital acquired infections of adults were collected from Shanghai Huashan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013.The inhibitory zone diameter or minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 9 antimicrobial agents (penicillin,vancomycin,erythromycin,clindamycin,levofloxacin,cefprozi,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime and linezolid) were determined by Kirby-bauer (K-B) method or Etest method;Serotypes were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and S.pneumoniae antisera agglutination;Genomic characteristics of different serotype strains were determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)method;Multilocus sequence types (MLST) was used for strain type;Semi quantitative biofilm formation test was used for the biological membrane formation.Ten main pneumococcal virulence genes (cbpA,pspA,cps2A,lytA,nana,pavA,piaA,ply,psaA and spxB) were detected by PCR and gel electrophoresis.Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software and association statistics were tested using Fisher's exact test.Results The most frequent serotypes were 19F (13.5％),23 F (13.5％),14 (10.8％),19A (10.8％).The penicillin resistance rate was 64.9％.Serotypes 19 F,19A and 23 F were significantly associated with penicillin resistance (x2 =5.89,P =0.015) and the isolates belonged to these serotypes were all multi-drug resistant (MDR).ST81 and ST271 showed high resistance rates to several antibiotics including penicillin (x2 =4.57,P =0.033).Biofilm formation was significantly associated with serotypes 19A (x2 =5.55,P =0.018) and strain type ST320 (x2 =4.33,P =0.037),but not associated with penicillin resistance (x2 =0.16,P =0.686).Virulence gene lytA,pavA,ply,psaA,spxB were found in all isolates.Conclusions Penicillin resistance rate of S.pneumoniae in adult is rising.Specific serotype,epidemic clone and antibiotic resistance are closely related,and can provide the basis for the infection control.The virulence factors such as PspA will be the new targets for vaccine development to reduce S.pneumoniae infection in the future.

Objective To investigate the clonal types of Staphylococcus aureus collected from 2004to 2010 in patients with blood stream infection from a Grade A tertiary care hospital in Shanghai as well as the dynamic changes and to detect the variation in antimicrobial resistance and virulence-gene content in different strain types.Methods A total of 103 nonduplicate S.aureus isolates were collected from 2004 to 2010 from inpatients with S.aureus blood stream infection from Shanghai Huashan hospital.Determination of oxacillin MICs and the type of SCCmec gene were used to screen MRSA.Typing of S.aureus isolates was identified by using multilocus sequence typing(MLST) and S.aureus-specific staphylococcal protein A typing(spa typing),PCR was used to detect the antimicrobial resistance and virulence-gene.Results Sixtysix isolates(64.1%) MRSA were detected in 103 nonduplicate S.aureus isolates,and 35 isolates were MRSA with SCCmec type Ⅱ ,Twenty-nine isolates were MRSA with SCCmec type Ⅱ,two isolates were MRSA with SCCmec type Ⅳ,Thirty-seven isolates(35.9%) were MSSA.Thirty-three MRSA isolates were ST5,Twenty-nine MRSA isolates were ST239,two MRSA isolates were ST59,one MRSA isolates was ST641 and one MRSA isolates was ST6.All of the other clones belonged to MSSA.The percentage of ST5 and ST239 were decreased significantly after 2009(ST5 was decreased from 52.9% to 15.4%; ST239 was decreased from 61.1% to 15.4%),and new clonal types MSSA increased significantly(in 2009,the percentage of ST7 was 41.7%; new clonal types such as ST188 and ST15 were detected in 2010).In 2010,it was shown that 84.6% of MSSA were isolated from S.aureus blood stream infection,nineteen isolates(18.4%) harbored mupA gene and 41 isolates(39.8%) harbored qacA/B gene in 103 nonduplicate S.aureus isolates.It was shown that 70.6% ST239 harbored qacA/B gene.Four isolates of ST398 and 1 isolates of ST9were detected which were originally from animal.There was no significant difference of the virulence gene presence in the same strain types except sasX、lukSF and arcA genes,but there were a lot of genes which were restricted to different genomic background.Conclusions The percentage of ST5 and ST239 were decreased and new clonal types of MSSA were increased significantly in S.aureus blood stream infection,antimicrobial resistance and virulence-gene were restricted to different clonal types.

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and effect on antibiotic resistance of the novel cell wall anchored protein-encoding gene sasX.MethodsA total of 300 S.aureus isolates were randomly collected from inpatients with S.aureusinfection in ShanghaiHuashanhospitalin 2004, 2007and 2010.Meanwhile,170 S.aureus isolates from the nasal swabs of healthy people were collected as part of a population-based community prevalence study.Typing of S.aureus isolates were identified by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and S.aureus-specific staphylococcal protein A typing (spa typing).Determination of oxacillin MICs was used to screen MRSA.PCR and sequencing were used to analyze sasX gene.The effect on antibiotic resistance of sasX gene was detect by disc agar diffusion drug sensitive test.ResultsThe major clonal types of the 300 S.aureus isolates collected from inpatients with S.aureus infection were ST239 ( 110,36.7％) and ST5 (122,40.7％).From 2004 to 2010,the percentage of isolates from inpatients with S.aureus infection was increased from 17％ to 39％,but sasX was only found in 0.59％ of the S.aureus isolates from the nasal swabs of healthy people.The percentage of sasX positive was increased from 47.2％ to 83.8％ in ST239.The percentage of sasX positive MRSA was increased from 26.4％ to 50.8％,but the percentage of sasX positive MSSA was about 10％.Antibiotic resistance of sasX positive strains were higher than that of sasX negative strains.Conclusions SasX gene is mainly detected in nosocomial pathogenic S.aureus and it is a possible virulence factor of S.aureus in hosptal setting.The presence of sasX gene is related to antibiotic resistance.For better understanding the real function of this novel gene,further studies such as expression of the encoded protein should be carried out.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of decitabine combined with CAG regimen in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible for conventional chemotherapy. Methods The data of 20 cases with AML ineligible for conventional chemotherapy from January 2013 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Decitabine combined with CAG regimen was used during induction therapy. The primary induction regimen was used 26 times after remission, the standard 3+7 regimen were used 7 times, and intermediate-dose cytarabine were used 3 times. The total course of treatment included 2-8 cycles. Results All of the 20 patients completed the first cycle of induction therapy, including 11 cases of complete remission (CR), 5 cases of partial remission and no response in 4 cases, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 80 % (16/20). ORR was 69.2 % (9/13) and 100.0 % (7/7) in high-risk group and middle-low risk group respectively. ORR was 60.0%(6/10) in AML evolving from MDS. 8 patients were infected during the induction therapy and the infection rate was 40.0% (8/20). 2 patients were died of pulmonary infection. The median number of suspended red blood cell and platelet infused were (9.1±5.7) U and (57.5±51.9) U respectively. Neutrophil recovery time was (8.7±5.6) days during induction therapy. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year, and 12 cases were dead. Overall survival rate was 85.0%at 3 months, 80.0%at 6 months, and 40.0%at 1 year. While in 12 CR patients relapse-free survival rate was 75.0%at 3 months, 75.0%at 6 months,and 65.6%at 1 year respectively. Conclusion Decitabine combined with CAG regimen with high remission rate and well tolerance, can be used as a first therapy for AML ineligible for conventional chemotherapy.

Chromatography of fingerprint as an important tool has been used in identification and quality control of herbal medicines, and it is gaining more and more attention. Among the various methods, chromatography gradually becomes the mainstream for its characteristics. This paper describes the techniques of chromatography of fingerprint including pretreatments for sample data set, the establishment of chromatographic fingerprint and fingerprint visualization. It emphasizes several analysis methods and their scope of application. Visualization technology combined with fingerprint makes analysis more intuitive. Finally, existing key problems and future works were also discussed.
Chromatography ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Quality Control ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods ; X-Ray Diffraction

According to the frequency overlapping of intrinsic mode function (IMF) based on the temporal and spatial filtering of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which will lead to the question of useful signals and noises filtered together, we proposed a method that numbers of IMF is determined by energy estimate, temporal and spatial filtering combing wavelet threshold and EMD integrating wavelet local signal characteristics of time and scale domain. This method not only used multi-resolution wavelet transform features, but also combined the EMD and Hilbert decomposition of the adaptive spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency and significance of the relationship between energy, so as to solve the problem of useful signal being weakened. With MIT/BIH ECG database standard data subjects, experimental results showed it was an effective method of data processing for handling this type of physiological signals under strong noise.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

MALDI-TOF MS is a revolutionary and innovative technologyin clinical microbiological diagnosis. Due to its advantages of speed, specificity and ease of operation, MALDI-TOF MS has been rapidly accepted and approved by clinical laboratory. However, many challenges appeared when applied in clinical application. For example, sample preparation needs to be further optimized. Identification techniques have limitations. The quality improvement of database and the diversity of microbial species are still under discussion.The application of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is still controversial.The way ofrare identification resultstransmitting into clinical treatment is still being explored. But the application of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical microbiological diagnosis still needs to be improved.(Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 559-562)