Objective:To find out the characteristic topog ra phic distribution of the muscle spindles in human masseter.Methods: The muscle spindles of masseter on both sides of 5 human corpses fixed in for malin for more than 1 year were observed by histological technique and quantitat ively analyzed by picture analysis equipment.Results: The muscle spindles were maldistributed and the spindles were commonly clustered in some i ndividual portions,and the muscle spindles figures of the masseter were diversif orm,which were predominantly composed of the spindle simple and spindle complexe s. The spindle complexes in the deep portion was obviously more than that in the superficial. The muscle spindles in the muscle close to the temporomandibular j oint and muscle tendon in the deep portion were more than that in the other port ions.Conclusion:The distribution of muscle spindles in the masse ter is heterogeneous,muscle spindle density in the deep portion is greater than that in the superficial.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of application of metoprolol and nifedipine in the treatment of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia for the elderly.Methods56 cases of elderly patients with silent myocardial ischemia were chosen.They were randomly divideded into the metoprolol group of 28 cases and nifedipine group with 28 cases according to the number table.The incidence of complications during treatment in the metoprolol and nifedipine group were analyzed.The seizure frequency and onset time in the two groups of patients were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThe onset time in the two groups,before treatment had no statistically significant difference[the number of attacks:(19.6±3.2) times/week compared with(18.9±2.8) times/week;attack time:(5131±352)s vs (5130 ± 348 ) s,all ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After treatment,there were statistically significant differences for the number of attacks and attack time [the number of attacks:(4.6 ± 2.1 ) times/week compared with ( 7.4 ± 2.1 )times/week,onset tine:(900 ± 140) s vs ( 1440 ± 240 ) s ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).All patients can tolerate the treatment period,there was no cases of myocardial infarction occurs.ConclusionThe metoprolol and nifedipine for the elderly treatment of silent myocardial ischemia was more secure,and metoprolol was more effective than nifedipine.

BACKGROUND:How to effectively improve the airway management and improve oxygen supply at the same time through a simple and effective method becomes an operation key for physicians in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect of self-made simple masks in painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy. METHODS:A total of 60 patients receiving painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 32 males and 28 females, with a mean age of (57.8±10.9) years were randomized into two groups: test group with self-made simple mask during painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy and control group with laryngeal mask. In the course of examination, the changes of oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were observed at different time points. And adverse events of both groups were also recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Patients from both groups successfuly completed fibre bronchoscopy. The oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the test group (one case of bucking) was superior to the control group (seven cases of sore throat) in terms of adverse events (P < 0.05). The simple mask can improve the oxygen supply and reduce the adverse events.

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of benefit finding in patients with cancer.Methods 350 patients with cancer were collected with convenience sampling method from two Jiangsu hospitals.All patients received a questionnaire survey.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of benefit finding in patients with cancer.Results (1) The score of benefit finding in patients with cancer was statistically significant in different frequency of physical exercise (F=8.37,P=0.00),different character (F=3.04,P=0.04) and different educational level (F=2.91,P=0.03).(2) There was a positive correlation between benefit finding(78.53± 10.50) and communication with physicians(7.27±2.19),medical coping(43.48±4.50),optimism(17.33±2.24) and social support(44.81±3.91)(r=0.31,0.35,0.29,0.23,all P＜0.05) in patients with cancer.The benefit finding in patients with cancer was negatively correlated with depression(8.59± 1.83) (r=-0.37,P＜0.05).(3) Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that medical coping modes-confrontation,objectively social support and utilization,physical exercise,depression,communication with physicians and character were the factors influencing benefit finding in patients with cancer(△R2 =28％,P＜ 0.05;△R2 =5.5％,P＜ 0.05;△R2 =3.1％,P＜ 0.05;△R2 =1.9％,P＜0.05;△R2 =1.7％,P＜0.05;△R2 =1.0％,P＜0.05;△R2 =1.1％ P＜0.05),which explained 42.0％ of the total variance.Conclusion Medical coping modes-confrontation,objectively social support and utilization,physical exercise,depression,communication with physicians and character are the factors influencing benefit finding in patients with cancer.

Objective: To study the architectural features and the biomechanical properties of human masseter and temporolis muscles. Methods: The architecture parameters of masseter and temporolis muscles on both sides of 5 human corpes fixed in formalin for more than 1 year were measured and quantitatively analyzed. Results: Human masseter and temporolis muscles were multipennate, there existed many layers of aponeurosis to which muscle fibers attached especially within the superficial portion of the masseter. The parameters of superficial portion of the masseter were statistically different from those of the deep portion, so were those of anterior portion of temporolis from those of posterior portion; the posterior part of the temporolis was the heaviest, the deep of the masseter the lightest. The physiological cross-sectional area of the superficial part of masseter was the largest, the posterior of temporolis the second, the anterior of temporolis the third, and the deep of the masseter the smallest. Among the ratios of muscle weight vs physiological cross-sectional area in each portion of the masseter and temporolis, the ratio in the deep part of masseter was the largest, that in the posterior of temporolis the smallest, that in the superficial of the masseter was similar to that in the anterior of the temporolis. In addition, the fiber in the posterior of the temporolis was the longest and that in the deep of the masseter the shortest. Conclusion: The deep portion of masseter is designed for force production, the posterior of the temporolis for velocity production, and the superficial of the masseter and the anterior of the temporolis for both force and velocity production. The deep part of masseter and the anterior of temporolis play an important part in maintaining mandibular position and balence, and the superficial of masseter and the posterior of temporolis play a major role in producing occlusive force and mandibular fast retrusion.

ObjectiveTo study the nursing strategy and high risk factors of critically ill patients complicated with lower respiratory tract infection in department of neurosurgery. Methods672 critically ill patients in department of neurosurgery in our hospital from January 2007 to September 2011 were selected as research object,and the rate of lower respiratory tract infection and high risk factors were studied and analyzed,and they were taken care of with special nursing. Results54 cases of 672 patients were with lower respiratory tract infection,the rate was 8.04％.Infection rate of elderly patients,patients of poor nutrition state,patients with underlying diseases was higher than those of other patients.Infection rate of patients with invasive operation,sputum suction,application of respirator,longer operative time and oxygen inhalation time was higher than those of other patients.Infection rate of patients with longer hospitalization time,emergency operation,application of many antibiotics and complication of preoperative infection of other site was higher than those of other patients,there were significant differences.The infection was well controlled with special nursing and treatment,four patients died of primary diseases. ConclusionsThe high risk factors of critically ill patients complicated with lower respiratory tract infection in department of neurosurgery include personal factors,treatment operation factors and other factors,and it can be controlled by special nursing and treatment.

Objective To observe the dynamic histological changes of condylar cartilage ,and detect expression of estrogen re‐ceptors and collagen typeⅡin the ovariectomized rat ,exploring the relationship between OA and abnormity of shorting estrogen . Methods Histological changes of condylar cartilage of the ovariectomized rat at different ages were observed by HE staining meth‐od .The expression of estrogen receptors and collagen typeⅡwere determined by immunohistochemical method ,and the average per‐centage of positive staining area was measured by image analyzer .Results The lack of estrogen led to the degeneration of condylar cartilage .The expression of ER and ColⅡ were suppressed at low concentration of estrogen ,and these effects were enhanced when the treating time was prolonged .Conclusion The lack of estrogen might lead to the rat′s condylar cartilage lesion ,and the low con‐centration of estrogen could suppress the expression of ER .These results highlight the results that expression of condylar cartilage collagen is associated with estrogen .

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ginseng fruit saponins (GFS) on insulin sensitivity index in high fat-fed rats. METHODS: An animal model of insulin resistance was established by injecting low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) in high fat-fed rats. Effect of GFS on insulin sensitivity was detected with glucose infusion rate (GIR) by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. RESULTS: The level of fasting blood glucose and insulin in untreated group increased more significantly than that in normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the index of GIR decreased significantly (P<0.01). As compared with the untreated groupìthe parameters of GFS-treated groups were improved significantly in a dosage-dependent manner (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: GFS can improve experimental insulin resistance in rats.

To investigate the effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for resolving stagnation, on hemorheology in the patients with blood-stasis syndrome due to coronary disease and their relationship with human platelet antigen-3 (HPA-3) polymorphism of membrane glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb).

Objective To investigate the impact of transtheoretical model-based depression management on senile people with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 78 senile patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College and the Nantong Tumor Hospital during the period from September 2015 to December 2016.They were randomly divided into the experimental(n=39)and the control groups(n=39).The patients in the experimental group received transtheoretical model-based depression management while those in the control group received traditional health education. The intervention results were evaluated using Demographic Data Recording Form, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Depression Prevention & Management Survey Items. The main statistical methods included Chi square test,independent sample t test,Mann-Whitney U test,and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results After the intervention of three months, the mean scores of Self-Rating Depression Scale was 50.97 (F=17.814), perceived benefit score was (9.59 ± 2.10) (t=-6.732), perceived barriers score was (5.59 ± 1.30) (t=2.980), cognitive level score was (32.98 ± 4.87) (t=-10.189), the behavior level score was (34.32 ± 5.02) (t=-13.745), and the self-efficacy score was (12.11 ± 2.13)(t=-7.845),all of which significantly improved in the experimental group,more than the control group with its perceived benefit score of(8.31 ± 1.12)(F=32.789),perceived barriers score of(6.99 ± 2.12)(F=18.788), cognitive level score of (29.01 ± 3.34) (F=67.876), behavior level score of (28.03 ± 4.77) (F=43.476), and self-efficacy score of(9.78 ± 2.03)(F=15.543),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The level of FPG in experimental group was(7.24 ± 1.36)mmol/L,which was significantly lower than the FPG of (7.41 ± 1.34)mmol/L in the control group(t=0.624,P=0.028).Conclusions Transtheoretical model-based depression management can effectively improve senile type 2 diabetes'management of depression,which is valuable in the clinical context.