nges in standard square field.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis.

METHODSA total of 80 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis who had at least 16 teeth and never accept any periodontal therapy in latest one year were recruited. The clinical periodontal index such as probing depth, attachment loss (AL), modified bleeding index, plaque index were obtained with a Williams type periodontal probe. All accepted structured questionnaire interview including the evaluation of OHRQOL.

RESULTSThe geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) results demonstrated good content validity, construct validity and responsibility. The periodontal index had positive correlation with the GOHAI scores. Individuals with self-unsatisfied of oral health status, using hypoglycemic drugs, accompanied with serious gingival inflammation and higher AL had relatively poor OHRQOL.

CONCLUSIONThe OHRQOL of type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis and the negative experiences of items listed in GOHAI questionnaire were affected by self-conscious of oral health and periodontal inflammation status.

Chronic Periodontitis ; Dental Plaque Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Index ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical manifestation and its pathogenesis of the developmental enamel defects in primary dentition of children with low birth weight and premature birth history.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-six children (aged 3-8 years old) were studied about the clinical manifestation of the developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition and its relationship with their medical history.

RESULTSThe prevalence of enamel defects in primary dentition in these children was 77.3%. There was no significant correlation between enamel defects and gender. Enamel opacity mostly affected the upper and lower second primary molars. Enamel hypoplasia mostly affected the maxillary and mandibular primary incisors and the maxillary first primary molars.

CONCLUSIONEnamel defects mainly result from children's general disorder at birth or within one year after birth.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dental Enamel ; abnormalities ; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Molar ; abnormalities ; Prevalence ; Tooth, Deciduous ; abnormalities

AIM: To study the interrelation between the structure and the function of artificial ribozyme M_1GS. METHODS: Ribozyme M_1GS-T_7, which targeted the mRNA segment of HCMV UL54 gene, was constructed. The secondary structure of M_1GS was simulated under different temperatures (20 ℃, 37 ℃ or 55 ℃, at which the secondary structure of M_1GS was relatively stable) and the interrelation between the secondary structure and the cleavage activity of M_1GS was analyzed under different temperature in vitro. To investigate the interrelation between the structure and the function of ribozyme M_1GS further, mM_1GS-T_7 was designed, in which some mutation sites was added, according to the result of temperature change experiment and the simulated secondary structure, showing that were the same structures at 37 ℃ as that of M_1GS-T_7 at 55 ℃. RESULTS: In temperature change experiment, the cleavage activity of M_1GS-T_7 was highest at 55 ℃. The result of mutant experiment showed that the mutant type was more active than M_1GS-T_7 at 37 ℃. CONCLUSION: The cleavage activity of M_1GS, which has some certain secondary structure, is higher than others. There is some interrelation between the structure and the function of M_1GS.

Objective To explore the relationship between the index of SPECT myocardial viability teat of the left ventricle and long-term cardiovascular adverse events following the coronary artery bypass graft.Methods Clinical data were selected from the coronary-heart-disease patients with CABG and the isotopic SPECT test of myocardial viability prior to the operation in the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital,the Chinese Academy of Medical Science from January 1,1999 to December 31,2005.Total 709 patients were included in this study.Regular follow-up in patients was performed following operation.Investigate the nuclear medicine documents of the patients above;make the semi-quantitative scores of myocardial viability prior to operation by the 17-segment method of ventricle.Through the COX multi-factor analysis of the statistical methods to explore the relationship between the index of the myocardial viability and the long-term cardiac adverse events selected in advance.Results The mean duration of follow-up was(3.43±2.42)years.The COX multi-analysis revealed that the total score of left ventricular myocardial viability is the independent impact factors for long term cardiac death,long terrm re-hospitalization rate and long term composite end points events.The cut off values of total score of left ventricular myocardial viability for long term cardiac death,long term re-hospitalization rate and long term composite end points events is 15,9,13 respectively.Conclusion The total score of left ventricular myocardial viability of SPECT is independently associated with long-term events,and the cut values of myocardial viability total score for long-term cardiac death,re-hospitalization and composite MACE events are 15,9,and 13 respectively.For the groups with total scores above and below the cut off values,there is significant difference of long term cardiac events risk between groups.

Sulfane sulfur species in the reactive sulfur species family include hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥2), which play an essential role in physiological regulation and signal transduction. As a redox pair of H2S, H2Sn can be produced through oxidation or enzyme reaction and regulate protein interaction and enzyme activity.Research has revealed that H2Sn, with higher efficiency of protein S-sulfhydration than H2S, may be responsible for some physiological functions previously attributed to H2S.Therefore, real-time detection of H2Sn is crucial for studying its physiological activity and the relationship between H2S and H2Sn.Traditional detection methods, such as mass spectrometry, are not suitable for living organisms as they require tissue cell disruption.Instead, fluorescence probes are often used for in situ real-time detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity and low biological toxicity.This review summarizes the physiological regulatory activity of H2Sn, as well as the design strategy, response mechanism, fluorescence characteristics, and biological applications of H2Sn fluorescent probes based on the structure of the response group, with a prospect of the challenges and developments in this field.

Objective:To analyze the detection rate and related factors of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity in 2021 and 2022.Methods:Based on the results of the Seventh National Population Census in 2021,the residents of 32 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions were sampled by gender and age.The gender and age of the samples were in line with the characteristics of China's population.A face-to-face interview survey was conducted in community residents in each province in 2021(n=11 005)and 2022(n=30 421)with the Gen-eralized Anxiety Questionnaire-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results:The detection rates of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity were 10.67％in 2021 and 11.72％in 2022.The prevalence of depressive and anxi-ety comorbidity were higher in male,younger(age≤17 years),divorced,lower BMI(BMI＜18.5 kg/m2),higher education(graduate),students,and residents with chronic medical history(Ps＜0.001).In 2022,32.06％of people with depressive symptoms had anxious symptoms and 47.62％of people with anxious symptoms had depressive symptoms.Conclusion:In 2021 and 2022,the detection rates of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity were both about 10％,and half of patients with anxious symptoms were accompanied by depressive symptoms,So atten-tion should be paid to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as one of three gasotransmitters together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). As a signaling molecule, H2S plays an important role in physiology and shows great potential in pharmaceutical applications. Along this line, there is a need for the development of H2S prodrugs for various reasons. In this review, we summarize different H2S prodrugs, their chemical properties, and some of their potential therapeutic applications.

Objective:To compare the effect and biotoxicity of tert-butyl acetate (TBA) and ethyl butyrate (EB) on stone dissolution in vitro.Methods:Ten gallstone samples from patients with multiple gallbladder stones were selected and the cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC. Stone dissolution tests of TBA and EB were performed on cholesterol gallstone in vitro, and the weight of stone at each time point was recorded, meanwhile, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was used as the control. The inhibitory effects of MTBE, TBA and EB on proliferation of human normal liver cell line LO2 were analyzed by cell proliferation inhibition assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effects of MTBE, TBA and EB on the early and late apoptosis of LO2 cells, and the changes of reactive oxygen species level in LO2 cells were also analyzed.Results:Of the 10 gallbladder gallstones, 6 were cholesterol gallstones and 4 were non-cholesterol gallstones. Stone dissolution experiment showed that the remaining stones of MTBE, TBA and EB groups were (47.83±3.84)%, (58.12±4.53)% and (75.75±4.61)% 30 minutes later. The remaining stones were (18.38±6.47)%, (33.82±6.22)% and (56.38±3.91)% 90 minutes later. MTBE had the best stone dissolution effect in vitro, the stone dissolution effect of TBA was slightly weaker than MTBE, and the stone dissolution effect of EB was relatively weak in all ( P<0.05). The cell proliferation inhibition experiment showed that the cell viability of the control group, MTBE group and TBA group were (100.00±4.46)%, (96.79±4.32)% and (93.72±3.51)%, respectively, and there were no significant differences among the three groups ( P>0.05). However, the cell viability of EB group (87.57±5.29)% was lower than the above three groups, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The early apoptosis and late apoptosis of the control group were (1.67±0.15)% and (1.27±0.06)%, respectively. EB induced early apoptosis (15.90±0.53)% ( P<0.001) and late apoptosis (5.13±0.76)% ( P<0.05). However, MTBE and TBA had no significant effect on cell apoptosis ( P>0.05). Compared with control group, MTBE, TBA and EB all significantly inhibited the level of reactive oxygen species ( P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect of EB was the most obvious. Conclusions:TBA has good stone dissolution effect and biosafety for gallbladder cholesterol stones in vitro, while EB has relatively poor performance. TBA is a potential drug for gallstone dissolution.