Objective To understand the drinking water quality in the rural areas in Jiading, Shanghai. Methods In September, 2006, the drinking water samples from water plants and tap water were collected, then the water quality was analyzed and assessed according to the related standards and regulations. Results 84.56% of the rural population drank the surface water, 15.44% drank the ground water. Among 99.85% of the centralized water supply systems, the drinking water (surface water) was treated; among 0.15%, the drinking water (ground water) was only treated by decreasing iron and manganese. Source water and treated water quality had been greatly improved. Conclusion Intensive management of drinking water is very important to ensure the drinking water quality in the rural areas.

Objective To analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of synovial sarcoma (SS) from histomorphology,immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),and to investigate the related factors influencing the prognosis of SS patients.Methods 94 cases were collected,including 60 SS cases and 34 in dined to SS cases.The expressions of common antibodies related to the diagnosis of SS Vimentin,CD99,AE1/AE3,EMA,CD34,Calponin,Ki-67 were detected by IHC,and the SYT-SSX fusion gene was detected by FISH.The clinical pathologic factors that affecting the prognosis of patients were analyzed through the statistical method.Results The positive rates of Vimentin,CD99,AE1/AE3,EMA,CD34,Calponin,Ki-67 were 100.00 ％,74.47 ％,36.17 ％,28.72 ％,17.02 ％,90.43 ％ and 60.64 ％ respectively.FISH results showed that 81 patients were tested with SYT gene translocation,including 54 cases who were considered as SS,and 27 cases who were suspected/inclined to SS,and the number of positive cells surpassed 80 ％.The gene translocation was not related with the patient' s age,sex,tumor position,histological type,differentiation of the cancer (all P ＞ 0.05).Single factor survival analysis showed that the degree of differentiation,tumor diameter,the recurrence and metastasis had certain influences on patients' survival time (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors regression analysis showed that the degree of differentiation and tumor diameter were the risk factors influencing the prognosis of SS (risk coefficients ＞ 1,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions IHC combined with FISH SYT-SSX fusion gene detection have the vital significance in the diagnosis of SS.The degree of differentiation and tumor size are the risk factors influencing the prognosis of SS.

AIM:To explore whether histamine can regulate the expression of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) in the cerebral cortex astrocytes.METHODS:Normal wild-type (WT) mice, histidine decarboxylase knockout ( HDC-KO) mice and histamine treated HDC-KO mice were sacrificed for extracting the total RNA of the cerebral cortex. Primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes were treated with histamine at concentrations of 10 -8 , 10 -7 , 10 -6 , 10 -5 or 10 -4 mol/L for 15, 30, 60, 120 or 240 min.H1 or H2 receptor antagonists were pretreated for 15 min before histamine treat-ment.After histamine treatment, the cell total RNA or protein was extracted.The expression of Egr-1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:The mRNA level of Egr-1 in cerebral cortex of HDC-KO mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice, while exogenous histamine induced the mRNA expression of Egr-1 in HDC-KO mice.In cultured astrocytes, histamine induced the mRNA expression of Egr-1.The maximum increase in the mRNA level of Egr-1 was produced by histamine at concentration of 10 -5 mol/L.In addition, histamine-induced Egr-1 mRNA accumulation peaked at 30 min after commencing stimulation, while histamine significantly increased Egr-1 protein expression at 60 min.Furthermore, histamine-induced Egr-1 expression was inhibited by H1 receptor antagonist but not H2 receptor antagonist.CONCLUSION:Histamine up-regulates the Egr-1 expression in cerebral cortex and cultured astrocytes, which may attribute to H1 receptor activation.

Objective To identify molecules that modulate T-cell functions and serve the studies on T-cell media-ted autoimmune diseases.Methods Bone marrow-derived dentritic cells were collected from BALB/c mice to immunize Wistar rats, and to establish many hybridoma cell lines.Many hybridoma cell lines which could modulate T-cell functions were obtained.One of the cell lines, most actively inhibiting T-cell proliferation, was further studied.Results The anti-CD45 mAb recognized CD45 and significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation in proliferation assays.Conclusions Our re-sults indicate that the anti-CD45 mAb can effectively suppress T-cell proliferation, and is promising to be used in the pre-vention and treatment of T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases in the future.

Objective To identify the types of γ?aminobutyric acid type A ( GABAA ) receptors in neurons in brain tissues at the target of anesthetic action of isoflurane in mice. Methods Two mouse strains were developed that were either sensitive or resistant to isoflurane. One hundred isoflurane?sensitive ICR∕CD?1 mice ( 50 males, 50 females) and 100 isoflurane?resistant ICR∕CD?1 mice ( 50 males, 50 fe?males) , aged 65-70 days, were used in this study. Brain tissues were obtained, and total RNA was ex?tracted and then reverse transcribed to cDNA using AMV reverse transcriptase. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the cDNA sequences. Chi?square analysis was used to compare the cDNA sequence of each GABAA receptor subunit between two strains. Results The cDNA sequence of GABAA receptor sub?units α1?6 , β2,3 andγ1?3 in isoflurane?sensitive strain was completely consistent with that in isoflurane?resist?ant strain. A single nucleotide polymorphism at the nucleotide position 462 ( C∕G) in the β1 sequence was found. The allele C frequencies were 11.0% and 87.0% in isoflurane?sensitive strain and isoflurane?resistant strain, respectively. Compared with isoflurane?sensitive strain, the allele C frequency in cDNA sequences of β1 subunit was significantly increased in isoflurane?resistant strain ( P<0.01) . Conclusion β1 subunit?containing GABAA receptor in neurons in brain tissues is the target of anesthetic action of isoflurane in mice.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents, often accompanied by motor function disorders. Sarcopenia not only has skeletal muscle dysfunction but also has neurocognitive dysfunction. At present, there is no research to explore the relationship between ADHD and skeletal muscle function. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a causal effect between ADHD and sarcopenia. Methods: In this study, genome-wide association study data of ADHD, appendicular lean mass (ALM), hand grip strength, and walking pace (WP) were extracted from public databases. The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to investigate the correlation between ADHD and sarcopenia-related indicators, and the inverse-variance weighted analysis as the primary analysis method. Results: Based on the forward MR analysis, a potential causal relationship exists between ADHD and ALM (odds ratio [OR]=1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.029, p<0.001). The reverse MR analysis indicates a link between WP and the risk of ADHD (OR=2.712, 95% CI: 1.609–4.571, p<0.001), with an accelerated WP increasing the likelihood of ADHD. Nevertheless, other MR analysis results did not show significant differences. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate an intricate causal relationship between ADHD and sarcopenia, suggesting the absence of a clear link. WP may be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the risk of ADHD. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the ALM of ADHD patients.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents, often accompanied by motor function disorders. Sarcopenia not only has skeletal muscle dysfunction but also has neurocognitive dysfunction. At present, there is no research to explore the relationship between ADHD and skeletal muscle function. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a causal effect between ADHD and sarcopenia. Methods: In this study, genome-wide association study data of ADHD, appendicular lean mass (ALM), hand grip strength, and walking pace (WP) were extracted from public databases. The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to investigate the correlation between ADHD and sarcopenia-related indicators, and the inverse-variance weighted analysis as the primary analysis method. Results: Based on the forward MR analysis, a potential causal relationship exists between ADHD and ALM (odds ratio [OR]=1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.029, p<0.001). The reverse MR analysis indicates a link between WP and the risk of ADHD (OR=2.712, 95% CI: 1.609–4.571, p<0.001), with an accelerated WP increasing the likelihood of ADHD. Nevertheless, other MR analysis results did not show significant differences. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate an intricate causal relationship between ADHD and sarcopenia, suggesting the absence of a clear link. WP may be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the risk of ADHD. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the ALM of ADHD patients.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents, often accompanied by motor function disorders. Sarcopenia not only has skeletal muscle dysfunction but also has neurocognitive dysfunction. At present, there is no research to explore the relationship between ADHD and skeletal muscle function. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a causal effect between ADHD and sarcopenia. Methods: In this study, genome-wide association study data of ADHD, appendicular lean mass (ALM), hand grip strength, and walking pace (WP) were extracted from public databases. The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to investigate the correlation between ADHD and sarcopenia-related indicators, and the inverse-variance weighted analysis as the primary analysis method. Results: Based on the forward MR analysis, a potential causal relationship exists between ADHD and ALM (odds ratio [OR]=1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.029, p<0.001). The reverse MR analysis indicates a link between WP and the risk of ADHD (OR=2.712, 95% CI: 1.609–4.571, p<0.001), with an accelerated WP increasing the likelihood of ADHD. Nevertheless, other MR analysis results did not show significant differences. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate an intricate causal relationship between ADHD and sarcopenia, suggesting the absence of a clear link. WP may be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the risk of ADHD. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the ALM of ADHD patients.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents, often accompanied by motor function disorders. Sarcopenia not only has skeletal muscle dysfunction but also has neurocognitive dysfunction. At present, there is no research to explore the relationship between ADHD and skeletal muscle function. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a causal effect between ADHD and sarcopenia. Methods: In this study, genome-wide association study data of ADHD, appendicular lean mass (ALM), hand grip strength, and walking pace (WP) were extracted from public databases. The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to investigate the correlation between ADHD and sarcopenia-related indicators, and the inverse-variance weighted analysis as the primary analysis method. Results: Based on the forward MR analysis, a potential causal relationship exists between ADHD and ALM (odds ratio [OR]=1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.029, p<0.001). The reverse MR analysis indicates a link between WP and the risk of ADHD (OR=2.712, 95% CI: 1.609–4.571, p<0.001), with an accelerated WP increasing the likelihood of ADHD. Nevertheless, other MR analysis results did not show significant differences. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate an intricate causal relationship between ADHD and sarcopenia, suggesting the absence of a clear link. WP may be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the risk of ADHD. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the ALM of ADHD patients.