Objective To investigate the effects of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1(PvMSP1)on differentia-tion,maturation and function of dendritic cells(DC)and the mechanisms of PvMSP1 on the activation of DC via toll like receptors (TLR). Methods DCs were incubated with different doses of PvMSP1(1.0,10.0,100.0μg/ml)in vitro. The changes of CD83, CD86,and HLA-DR on DC were detected by flow cytometry(FCM);the expressions of cytokine IL-10 and IL-12 of DC were mea-sured by ELISA;the expressions of TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA of DC were measured by RT-PCR;the proliferation induction to autol-ogous lymphocytes of DC was measured by MTT. Meanwhile,the untreated DC and LPS inducing DC were as the negative control and positive control,respectively. All the data were analyzed statistically. Results Compared with the untreated DC,the propor-tions of CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR on DC induced by LPS and PvMSP1 increased significantly(all P<0.05);the expressions of IL-10 and IL-12 of DC induced by LPS increased significantly(P<0.01),and those induced by PvMSP1 also increased signifi-cantly(all P<0.05). In the LPS inducing group,the TLR4 mRNA production increased(P<0.05)and the TLR9 mRNA produc-tion had no significantly changes(P>0.05). In the PvMSP1-treated group,the DC TLR4 mRNA production increased(P<0.01) and the TLR9 mRNA production had no significantly changes(P>0.05);DC stimulated the proliferation of autologous lympho-cytes. Conclusion PvMSP1 enhances DC differentiation and maturation,and the mature DC induced by PvMSP1 has the ability of antigen presenting. The route for PvMSP1 inducing DC maturation might be TLR4 pathway rather than TLR9 pathway.

Objective To assess the prevalence of Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ)personality deviations in patients referred for functional dyspepsia (FD) with reliable and universal psychological measures, and to explore the relationship between co-occurring PDQ-personality deviations and functional dyspepsia. Methods The sample comprised 246 patients referred for functional dyspepsia. Four groups were divided according to their patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms: the FD group, FD with refluxlike symptom group(FD + RS group), FD with irritable bowel syndrome group( FD + IBS group), and FD with reflux-like symptom and irritable bowel syndrome group ( FD + RS + IBS group). Participants were assessed with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire for DSM-Ⅳ ( PDQ-4 ) to evaluate the presence of personality deviations. Results Overall 65% patients scored positive for any personality deviation, male and female alike. Cluster C (anxious/fearful) personality was most commonly found in FD patients (142 patients, 57.7% ). The FD + IBS group and the FD + RS +IBS group had significantly higher total PDQ scores than the FD group (23.39 ± 8. 77 and 24. 22 ± 10. 97 vs 18.98 ± 11.88, P ＜ 0. 05, respectively),indicating that FD patients with greater level of personality deviations tend to report other symptoms involving the esophagus and lower gastrointestinal tract. Reflux-like symptom without actual pathological acid regurgitation indicated cluster A (odd/eccentric) personality deviations. Conclusions The current study shows personality deviations are common in patients referred for functional dyspepsia. Negative emotions,maladaptive coping, and lack of social support, may strongly influence their healthcare-seeking behavior.There is no single personality type specific for some kind of gastrointestinal symptom. But FD patients with personality deviations tend to report other symptoms involving the esophagus and lower gastrointestinal tract.