Objective To observe the effects of resistant starch (RS) on insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Method Male Wistar rats (n=40) were used.Ten were fed with normal diets (normal control group) and the others with high fat (safflower oil, 59% of total energy) diet (model group) . Ten weeks laters, the model group was injected with streptozotocin (20mg/kg bw) and divided into 3 groups: diabetes control group, high fat and RS intervention group, RS intervention group. After 5 w, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in each group and the metabolism of glucose and lipid, insulin sensitivity, pathological changes of liver and kidney were observed. Results Compared with diabetes control group, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was higher and area under curve (AUC), fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower in RS intervention groups. Besides, the fatty degeneration of liver was much lighter but glycogen synthesis was significantly increased. Conclusion RS is effective in improving IR of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.

Objective:To investigate the effect of modified Dihuang decoction on expression of c-fos positive neuron in hippocampal CA1 area in diabetic rats. Methods:The diabetic rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) . 4 weeks later,the expression of c-fos was detected by immuno-histochemistry. Results:Compared with diabetes group(9.25?2.36,0.56 ?0.06) ,the positive cell's density and average light density(8.13?1.70,0.46?0.08) of c-fos positive neuron in hippocampal CA1 area in diabetic rats which were prevented and treated with modified Dihuang decoction both decreased(P

The CAPN10 gene, which encodes calpain-10 ( CAPN10 ), a nonlysosomal cysteine protease expressed in many tissues, including skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas, was positionally cloned within the NIDDM1 region. This putative diabetes susceptibility gene encodes a 672 amino-acid protein. Horikawa et al, determined that the CAPN10 gene consists of 15 exons and spans 31 kb. Recently, researchers in many countries have examined the impact of CAPN-10 gene on T2DM. The three SNPs existence simultaneously can increase threefold risk of T2DM. The correlation between them with racial diversity is also reviewed.

Tuberculosis of bone and joint most commonly occurs in spine, and the main treatment method is anterior debridement, bone grafting and internal fixation. Autologous bone is still considered the "gold standard" when the anterior reconstruction of spine after debridement is needed. Allogeneic bone, artificial bone and artificial intervertebral support bodies such as titanium mesh and some biological materials also have a broad clinical application, but still can not completely replace the autologous bone because of their defects. In the aspect of internal fixation, anterior fixation has become a conventional method for the patients who suffer from active spinal tuberculosis and need anterior debridement of the focus, because this method can provide good support. This review summarizes the present situation of choice for supporting and bone grafting material for anterior reconstruction after debridement of spinal tuberculosis.

[Objective] To discuss the expression and meaning of NOS and BDNF in the lateral zone of rats’ hypothalamus with diabetes. [Method] Inject STZ 50mg/kg into the abdomen for rats model of diabetes, after 1 month, observe the positive neuron expression of LH NOS in rats’ hypothalamus with diabetes with NADPH-d enzyme histo-chemical method, to the positive neuron expression of LH BDNF with NADPH-d immunohisto-chemical method. [Result] The expression of NOS and BDNF is both lowered compared with normal group, P

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with chemotherapy or endocrine therapy in the treatment of relapsed and refractory breast cancer. Methods: The clinical records of two patients with relapsed and refractory breast cancer treated with apatinib combined with chemotherapy or endocrine therapy were analyzed, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: Two patients with relapsed and refractory breast cancer were treated with apatinib combined with chemotherapy or endocrine therapy and followed up for 10 months. The treatment outcome was stable disease. Major adverse reaction was hypertension, and the use of antihypertensive drugs could control the blood pressure in a normal range. Conclusion: Apatinib combined with chemotherapy or endocrine therapy in the treatment of relapsed and refractory breast cancer is effective, and the adverse effects are tolerated. Large-scale studies should be implemented to further determine the efficacy of this treatment protocol.

Objective:The glucemic index(GI)and insulin index(II)of wheat flour, oat fiber and resistant starch (RS) were studied.Method:Ten healthy subjects consumed 4 kinds of carbohydrate foods: glucose powder,wheat flour food, oat fiber food and RS food.Up to 120 min after consumption of test materials, blood samples were taken for glucose and insulin analyses.Results:The GI value of wheat flour food, oat fiber food, RS food was 88.24?20.84,60.16?14.16,47.05?10.22 respectively,regarding glucose powder as 100 . The II value of them was 83.06 ? 10.68 , 68.32 ? 17.08, 60.26 ? 30.1 respectively.The area and peak level under the glucose-response curve and insulin-response curve of RS food were significantly lower than those of glucose powder and wheat flour food (P

Objective: To examine the effects of RS on serum cholesterol and expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in rat liver for understanding its mechanism. Method: Eighteen rats were randomly assigned to three groups, six rats each. They were fed with chemical purified normal diet (control group), low RS (15%Hi-maize 1043) diet and high RS (30%Hi-maize 1043) diet respectively. Six weeks later, serum cholesterol and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in the cecum were measured. Likewise, hepatic cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, and SR-B1 mRNA levels were measured by realtime PCR. Results: Hepatic cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, SR-B1 mRNA levels and cecal acetate, propionate and n-butyrate concentrations in the high RS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P

AIM:Neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into various types of neural cells such as neurons and neuroglia cells,but the technique of depuration and cultivation does not consummate.This article determines the optimal culture technique of neural stem cells by different culture concentrations and passage methods. METHODS:Experiments were conducted from May to December 2006 at Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity of Sichuan University.①Clean pregnant female rats(embryonic age range from 12-16 days)and the disposition of animal met ethical standard.②The cerebral cortex of rat embryos were collected,and digested with trypsin and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid mixture to obtain signal cell suspension.They were cultured in serum-free medium (DMEM/F12 medium containing B27,basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor).The 3~(rd)passage cells were collected,and incubated at 1?10~7 L~(-1),1?10~8 L~(-1),1?10~9 L~(-1),1?10~(10)L~(-1),respectively.In addition,neural stem cells were collected 7-10 days after primary culture to harvest formative cell masses.Mechanical blow refers to soft blowing with haustorial tube from thick to thin after centrifugation,or sterile syringe with No.5 pinhead blowing cells when the blow was 5 times.Bubble production was avoided during the operation.Trypsin aspiration combined with mechanical blow refers to trypsin was added after centrifugation,at 37℃for 10 minutes,the neural stem cells were lightly blown with haustorial tube polished with flame or blown with sterile syringe with No.5 pinhead,and then fetal bovine serum was added to stop digestion.③The growth characteristic of the 3~(rd)passage cells at different culture concentration was observed and proliferation was measured at days 1,3,5 and 7 by MTT assay.The neural clone spheres of subcultured was counted to determine the optimal passage way.Immunofluorescence was carried out to detect nestin(special marker to neural stem cells),BrdU,neurone specific enolase,glial fibrillary acidic protein. RESULTS:①Growth characteristics and identification of rat embryonic neural stem cells in vitro:The dissociated neural stem cells from the cerebral cortex of rat embryos were continuously harvested and purified by suspension cultures to get the daughter cell clone.Nestin positive cells could be found in the neurospheres and after attachment they could differentiate into neurone specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells,and immunofluorescence showed a great of BrdU-positive cells.②The effect of different incubated number of neural stem cells on proliferation:When the neural stem cells planted at the concentration of 1?10~9 L~(-1),the growth rate of the cells was the highest of all concentrations.The number of clone spheres exceeded others at concentration 1?10~7 L~(-1),1?10~8 L~(-1)and 1?10~10 L~(-1)(P