Objective To investigate the role of S100B protein in the pathogenesis of patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE).Methods A total of 45 patients were enrolled in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2013 to October 2013,who were diagnosed as JE on the basis of clinical features and positive IgM antibodies against JE virus measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the Center of Disease Control of Shijiazhuang.The JE patients were divided into initial phase group,acute phase group and convalescence group based on the course,mild JE group,moderate JE group and severe JE group based on the severity,MRI-no-lesion group and MRI lesions group based on the imaging findings of JE.Twelve cases with no evidence of infection in central nervous system in the meantime were chosen as control.The S100B protein was measured by ELISA.Results The content of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid was as follows:522.76 (393.35,620.37) pg/ml in mild JE group (acute phase group:609.77 (549.27,779.71) pg/ml,convalescence group:420.48 (344.36,453.19) pg/ml),792.09 (705.47,1 108.96) pg/ml in moderate JE group (acute phase group:770.19 (646.31,1 069.54) pg/ml,convalescence group:803.45 (602.90,1 396.84) pg/ml),and 1 021.94 (680.84,1 302.15) pg/ml in severe JE group (acute phase group:981.82 (680.84,1 826.28) pg/ml,convalescence group:989.00 (553.62,1 207.67) pg/ml).The S100B protein content was 561.52 (454.36,814.56) pg/ml,803.45 (602.90,1 104.01) pg/ml,762.22 (594.95,1 044.97) pg/ml,581.76 (442.51,1 069.10) pg/ml in MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group,total acute phase group and total convalescence group,respectively.While in control group,the S100B protein content was 266.71 (205.72,390.05) pg/ml.The contents of S100B protein in moderate JE group,severe JE group,total acute phase group,total convalescence group,MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group were higher than that in control group (H =4.864,5.497,5.075,3.918,2.971,4.981,P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.009,0.000).The contents of S100B protein in mild JE group was lower than that in moderate JE group and severe JE group (H =-2.786,-3.514,P =0.032,0.003).Conclusions The level of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid is related with the severity,duration and imaging presentation of JE patients.The dynamic monitoring of S100B protein levels is of great significance for assessment of the patients' condition and curative effect.

Objective To investigate the features of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the modified ZeiM-Neelsen (MZN) positive tuberculous mengningitis (TBM).Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 170 patients with tuberculous meningitis confirmed by MZN stain from December 2012 to July 2015.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of MZN staining and CSF cytology.Results Among 170 patients with TBM confirmed by MZN staining,128 cases had first detectable acid-fast bacillus (AFB) in earlier stage.The cytology included 15.5％ mixed cellular cytology,58.5％ lymphoid cytology,19.5％ neutrophilic cytology and 6.5％ normal cytology.Twenty-four cases had first detectable AFB within 1-2 months following disease onset.The cytology included 13.1％ mixed cellular cytology,56.6％ lymphoid cytology,21.7％ neutrophilic cytology and 8.7％ normal cytology.Eighteen cases had first detectable AFB 2 months after disease onset.The cytology included 26.7％ mixed cellular cytology,46.7％ lymphoid cytology,20.0％ neutrophilic cytology,6.6％ normal cytology.There was no significant difference in median time of first detectable AFB among those four types of cytology (P=0.812).There was significant difference in median time of first detectable AFB between patients with and without anti-TB therapy [21.5 (12.3,37.8) days vs.8.5 (6.0,16.3)days,P＜0.001].There was no significant difference in median time MZN stain turning negative between patients with and without anti-TB therapy [11 (5.75,19.25) days vs.6(4.25,10.75)days,P=0.230].Conclusions AFB can be detectable within a month after the onset of TBM in most of cases.(MZN) positive staining is not associated with the major type of cytology.Anti-TB therapy may delay the first detectable time of AFB.

Objective To observe the effect of local pain alleviation by wet compress with room temperature and low temperature lidocaine and cold wet compress in fructose infusion in children. Meth-ods 120 children patients with pain during fructose infusion were randomly divided into the wet compress group, the room temperature lidocaine group and the low temperature lidocaine group with 40 cases in each group. The analgesic effect was observed in the three groups. Results Analgesic effect of the low temper-ature lidocaine group was significantly better than the other two groups. Conclusions The wet compress with low temperature lidocaine can relieve the local pain in fructose infusion in children.

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of Xpert MTB/RIF in cerebrospinal fluid,and evaluate the application for early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis(TBM).Methods Sixty cases of TBM and 30 cases of non-TBM patients were selected as our subjects.Xpert MTB/RIF and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain were performed in cerebrospinal fluid.The detection rate of the system and the resistance of the patients were analyzed.Results Eleven cases were diagnosed as the positive cases in 60 cases with TBM,and 0 case was diagnosed as TBM in control group.Sensitivity and specificity of Xpert with TBM were 18.33％ and 100％,respectively.The difference of the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.014).The positive rate of definite group was 23.68％(9 cases),18.18％(2 cases) in probable group and 0％ in possible group,and the difference of the three groups was statistically significant(x2 =3.070,P＞0.05).The resistance rate was 36.36％ (4/11).Sensitivity of the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staín was 63.33％ (38/60).Eleven cases were detected positive by Xpert MTB/RIF,9 cases were positive with modified acid fast staining,and the positive rate was 18.33％,and the difference of the two methods was statistically significant (P =0.000).Conclusion Xpert MTB/RIF test is simple and rapid diagnostic method.The combination of Xpert MTB/RIF and modified ZiehlNeelsen stain will improve the efficiency of the early diagnosis of TBM.

Objective Toevaluatea modified Ziehl-Neelsen(Z-N) stain in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 35 patients were stained by using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Re-sults The positive rate was 94.29% in 35 patients with tuberculous meningitisand the intracellular acid-fast bacilli was detected in 53.40%of all specimens. One case was stained positive in 15 patients with non-tuberculous meningitis. Con-clusion The modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain not only significantly improves the detection rates of tuberculous meningitisbut alsois able to identify intracellular M.tuberculosisin cerebrospinal fluidspecimen.Thus, the modified Z-N stain can be a convenient tool for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) S-100B protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the pathogenesis of brain injury of viral encephalitis.MethodsForty-two patients with viral encephalitis (viral encephalitis group) and 40 patients with other disease at the corresponding time period(control group) were involved in this study.CSF (routine,biochemistry and cytology) was detected,and the levels of S-100B protein and VEGF in CSF were detected by ABC-ELISA method.ResultsWhite blood cell count was (0-584) × 106/L in viral encephalitis group,and (0-200) × 106/L in control group.The levels of protein and glucose in CSF had no significant difference between two groups (P＞ 0.05),and the level of chloride in CSF in viral encephalitis group was significantly lower than that in control group[ ( 110.10 ± 31.22 ) mmol/L vs.( 123.80 ± 6.32 ) mmol/L ] (P =0.006).In viral encephalitis group,cytological examination showed that mixed type cytological reaction was in 6 cases (14.3％,6/42).The level of S-100B protein in viral encephalitis group [25.04-47.97 (28.37 ± 6.09) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in control group[ 25.04-29.64(26.03 ± 0.90) ng/L ] (t =2.462,P =0.018).The level of VEGF in viral encephalitis group[88.84～143.77(96.24 ± 13.38) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in control group [89.15～96.18 (90.67 ± 1.71 ) ng/L] (t =2.673,P =0.011 ).ConclusionsThe high levels of S-100B protein and VEGF in CSF could support the viral encephalitis diagnosis.Tracking the levels of S-100B protein and VEGF in CSF dynamically have noticeable effect on checking the condition of viral encephalitis patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of free transplantation of fibula composite tissue flap to the repair of forearm bone and soft tissue serious defect.Methods Eleven cases of reparing forearm bone and soft tissue serious defect through transplantation of free fibula composite tissue petal were applied from March 2004 to February 2011.The length of transplanted fibula composite tissue flap was 8-14 cm ; the flap area was 5 cm ×8 cm-20 cm ×20 cm.The curing situation on bone fracture was observed in 3,6 and 12 months after the surgical opration and the function of defected arm was evaluated in 1 year after surgical operation.Results All of 11 cases of fibula composite tissue flap were survived.The observation was undertaken for more than 12 months after the operation and the fracture section occured the characteristics of healing up in 3 months and fibula and arm bone occured well healed up in half a year; It scored 22.9 according to Enneking system after 1 year of the operation.The function of forearm rotation were classed as this:3 good cases,6 medium cases and 2 poor cases.In the 2 sural nerve bridging transplantation cases,one case was repaired of radial nerve inside static's two-point discrimination (s2PD) to 9 mm,another case was repaired of ulnar nerve distal volar little finger s2PD to 15 mm.All the cases could achieve making a fist with thumb and a thumb could be oppoiste to other 4 fingers,and the ankle joint movement was normal.Conclusion Transplantion of free fibula composite tissue flap to the repair of forearm bone and soft tissue serious defect is an ideal surgical operation method.

Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) immunocytochemistry examination combined with laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) in the patients with meningeal carcinomatosis (MC).Methods The patients were divided into experimental group (patients with MC) and control group (patients without MC).Thermo electron corporation shandon cytospin 4 centrifuge was used in the cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),whose function was to produce a monolayer of cells onto a glass slide from CSF.Giemsa staining was used in 42 cases.The CEA immunocytochemistry staining was used in 29 cases and 20 controls.The double immunofluorescence staining was used in 17 cases and 20 controls.SP staining method was used in the CEA and the results were observed under the light microscope.Nuclear DNA and CEA were stained with fluorescent probe DAPI and Cy5 respectively and the results of double immunofluorescenee staining were observed by the laser scanning confocal microscope.Results There was a high positive rate in cytologic examination of CSF,and malignant cells were found in all of 42 cases for repeated CSF testing.The positive rate of routine CSF cytologic examination and CEA immunecytochemistry examination was 85.7% (36/42) and 79.3% (23/29) respectively in the first CSF specimens.There were 17 cases using double immunofluorescence staining and observed by LSCM,and the positive rate was 13/17.Compared with experimental group and control group,fluorescent value both nuclear DNA (CEA(+) 1694.04±478.06,CEA(-)1543.04±364.71,control group 603.72±178.04,t=21.386,23.144,both P<0.01) and CEA (CEA(+)1407.04±275.30,control group 202.51±54.05,t=42.934,P<0.01) were significantly different.Conclusion Immunocytochemistry examination of CSF is an important early qualitative diagnosis method for MC.LSCM improved the level of locating,qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of MC.

Studies have suggested that human cytomegalovirus-activated infection is closely associated with atherosclerosis. The levels of interleukin-8 increase significantly in human cyto-megalovirus infection-related atherosclerosis, inducing and aggravating inflammatory reaction through the chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology(csfc)and specific stain in tuberculous meningitis(TBM)-purulent meningitis(PM)and cryptococcal meningitis(CM).Methods The csfc data of 179 patients with TBM,PM and CM were retrospectively analyzed.The samples collected from all of these patients were analyzed by csfc May-Grunwald-Giemsa(MGG)staining,aricine blue staining and Indian ink staining. And the cytospin smears from 70 TBM were simultaneously stained by the immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method to demonstrate the presence of mycobacterial antigen.Results ①TBM group showed a mixed-cell response.At the early stage of disease,the proportion of neutrophilic granulocyte reached 80%,and then reduced gradually.Lyumphoidocyte reaction was the most obvious in 1～2 months.The immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method present a sensitivity of 82.9%and 85.7%,respectively.②Neutrophilic granulocyte was the most cell at acute stage of PM,and it descended quickly once treated with effective antibiotics.③The positive rates to detect CM with csfc MGG,aricine and Indian ink staining were 83.3%,81.8%,and 76.5%,respectively.Conclusion Dynamic observation on cerebrospinal fluid cytology is helpful to boost the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection.