Improvement of pharmaceutical qualification examination system is important for systematic and professional development of pharmaceutical industry.Korea has set up the pharmaceutical qualification examination system including pharmacy education eligibility test and pharmacist state examination.Pharmacy education eligibility test aims to select talents to get 2+4 years' pharmacy higher education and the competitiveness showed a trend of increase implemented since 2010.The candidates always major in engineering/natural/agriculture,chemistry,biology,humanistic society and ect,during preparatory course.While average pass rate of'pharmacist state examination was only 73.7％,which act as the passport to becoming a pharmacist of Korea,showed high difficulty compared to physicians and nurses.The pharmaceutical professional talents selection system in Korea was established through the difficult and sustainable pharmacy qualification examination system,and achieved the systematic,professional development of pharmaceutical industry,which can be used for reference for China.

Objective To investigate the preventive effects of phytosterol on lipid metabolic disturbance of rats fed with high-fat diet. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (fed with basic diet), high-fat model group (fed with high-fat diet), low phytosterol group( fed with high-fat diet and 100 mg/kg phytosterol) and high phytosterol group( fed with high-fat diet and 200 mg/kg phytosterol). Body weight, serum lipid, liver fat and body fat were measured at the end of experiment (6 weeks later). Results At the end of experiment, the body weight, contents of liver fat and body fat and serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat model group, low phytosterol group and high phytosterol group than those in control group (P <0.05), while serum HDL-C levels in these three groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with high-fat model group, the body weight gain and content of body fat of high phytosterol group were significantly lower (P <0.05). The contents of liver fat and serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels in low phytosterol group and high phytosterol group were significantly lower than those of high-fat model group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Phytosterol could prevent lipid metabolic disturbance of rats fed with high-fat diet. High dose phytosterol has the potential to reduce the body weight gain and contents of body fat of rats fed with high-fat diet.

Objective:To study the effect of ultramicro-shatter technology on penetrating skin absorption of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidin in Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm.Methods:To apply reformed Frans penetrating skin absorption cell marching extraorgan penetrating skin experiment.HPLC method was used to determine the content of isorhamnetin-3-Oneohesperidin in ultramicro-shatter Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm and in common Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm.Results:The Q-t equation of ultramicro-shatter Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm:Q=3.0382t+47.082,penetrating skin velocity:3.0382(?g.cm2/h);the Q-t equation of common Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm:Q=2.7967t+39.752,penetrating skin velocity:2.7967(?g.cm2/h);Extraction rate of dynamic extracting micro-powder,the ephedrina hydrochloridum,glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizae glycoside were higher than the trdtional cut crude drug decocting.Conclusion:The accumulating osmolality and penetrating skin velocity of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidin in ultramicro-shatter Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm were all better than those in common Zhongtongxiao Cataplasm,it explained that ultramicro-shatter technology accelerate the dissolution of medicine compsitions.

Objective: To provide experiment data for ultra fine prepared mineral drugs Methods: Electron microscope scannin,X ray diffraction were used in identification, atomic emit sectrum was used in determination. Results: The dissolution rate of ca 2+ composition could be high.The ultra fine prepared of minaral drugs could be prepared with powder diameter of K 4。 Conclusion: Ultra fine Prepared fluoritum and gypsum fibrosum may Save clinically dose.

Objective: To optimize the formulation of Ketanning dispersible tablet.Methods: The Ketanning dispersible tablet was prepared by using wet granules.The formulation and preparation technology was optimized by using orthogonal design which took the situation of granules,appearance of taablets,the disintegrating time and the tensile strength as indices.Results: The optimized formulation contained,10%MCC,10% PVPP is inner,10% PVPP is outer,1% magnesium stearate.The tensile strength,the disintegrating time were 70N and 3min respectively.Conclusion: It is successful to prepare immediate release tablet.The optimized formulation is rational and stable,the tablet could be released quickly.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of allopurinol in kainic acid-induced epileptic rats and to explore new ideas and methods for the clinical treatment of epilepsy. Methods 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, KA epilepsy group and allopurinol groups. Six rats of each group were randomly selected and were given electrodes into their left frontal and hippocampal regions. After injection, behavior changes were observed in all rates without electrodes. 24 h later, MDA level and SOD enzymatic activity of the left hippocampi were measured. One week later, the EEGs were recorded in rates with electrode, as well as total time of seizures /30 min and numbers of seizures / 30 min. Results Compared with the KA model group, latency period of the epilepsy in the allopurinol group was longer (P < 0.05) and the extent was lighter (P < 0.05); the MDA level was significantly lower (P < 0.01), the SOD enzymatic activity was significantly higher (P < 0.01). The total time of seizures / 30min and numbers of seizures / 30 min in allopurinol group reduced significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion Allopurinol has potential antiepileptic and antioxidative activities in kainic acid-induced epileptic rats.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Chai-Hu Shu-Gan Tang (CHSGT) on levels of TNF-α and 5-HT in lithium chloride–pilocarpine caused epilepsy–depression comorbidity rat model, in order to discuss the intervention effect of CHSGT on TNF-α and 5-HT in epilepsy–depression comorbidity. The lithium chloride–pilocarpine caused epilepsy–depression comorbidity rat model was established. After 6 weeks of animal establishment, rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, which were citalopram group (A), physiological saline group (B), CHSGT high dose group (C), medium dose group (D), and low dose group (E). Intragastric administration was given for 4 weeks, twice a day. Before and after the treatment, RT-PCR was performed to detect hippocampal TNF-αlevels. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to detect hippocampal 5-HT levels. Both forced swimming test (FST) and saccharin preference test were carried out to monitor the depressive behaviors of rats. In the meantime, 24 hours a day video camera surveillance were performed to record the number of seizures of rats. The results showed that after treatment, the number of seizures of rats were significantly reduced, the accumulative immobility time in FST was shortened, and the consumption of sucrose increased significantly (P < 0.01) in group A, C and D. Compared with group B, after the treatment, the expressions of hippocampal TNF-α mRNA of rats in group A, C, D were distinctly downregulated, with the level of 5-HT significantly increased (P < 0.05,P < 0.01). Compared with group A, group C and D showed no significant changes. It was concluded that TNF-α played a role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy–depression comorbidity through mediating the level of 5-HT. High and medium doses of CHSGT can downregulate the expression of TNF-α mRNA in depression comorbidity of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, increase 5-HT level, reduce the number of seizures of rats, and improve depressive behaviors.

Objective To establish an HPLC fingerprint ofJinjing solid beverage,and provide experimental evidence of evaluating its quality.Methods Ten batches ofJinjing solid beverage were analyzed by HPLC under the gradient elution condition. A Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) was used, and the flow phase was acetonitrile-H2O(acidified to 0.1% with phosphoric acid) with gradient elution, and the detection wavelength was 327 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the column temperature was 35℃. The data were evaluated by the similarity evaluation software for TCM fingerprint.Results The HPLC fingerprint ofJinjing solid beverage were established. Twelve common peaks including chlorogenic acid were identified with similarity of more than 0.9.Conclusion HPLC method is a reliable, available and quick method, that provides a means for controlling and evaluating the quality ofJinjing solid beverage.

Objective To explore expression of HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HMGB1 in the tissues from 82 glioma-related epi?lepsy patients (glioma-related epilepsy group), 80 glioma patients (glioma without epilepsy group), 80 intractable epilepsy patients (epilepsy control group) epileptogenic foci tissue and 20 normal controls (negative control group). Results HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy group was significantly higher than that in glioma tissue of glioma without epilepsy grou p (χ2=16.944, P<0.001), especially in low pathological grade glioma tissue. HMGB1 was higher in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy group than in epileptogenic foci tissue of epilepsy control group (χ2=26.094, P<0.001). Expression of HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma without epilepsy group (χ2=32.273, P<0.001) and epileptogenic foci tissue of epilepsy control group ( χ2=22.236,P<0.001) was higher than in normal brain tissue of negative control group. In glioma-related epilepsy group, HMGB1 was positively correlated with seizures duration(r=0.365,P=0.001), sei? zures frequency (r=0.531,P=0.000) and pathological grade of glioma tissue (r=0.265,P=0.016). Conclusions HMGB1 is highly expressed in glioma tissues of glioma-related epilepsy; HMGB1 expression is closely related with seizures; and HMGB1 in glioma tissue may contribute to the formation of glioma-related epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of chronic subjective tinnitus. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-seven patients were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty-eight patients of the control group were treated by masking therapy; and the other 89 patients of the experimental group were treated by CBT therapy. The score of tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) was utilized to analyze the treatment efficacy in the two groups respectively. RESULT: The effective rate assessed by of THI score in the experimental group was not significantly higher than the control group 2 months after treatment (P > 0.05), but was significantly higher than the control group 6 months and 12 months after treatment (P < 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSION The CBT therapy contributed to achieve rapid adaptation of tinnitus feeling, which shows great value of further clinical application.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; psychology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome