Objective To study the therapeutic effect of the complex mixture of luteolin and rutin ( MLR) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin ( MPTP) induced Parkinson’ s disease ( PD) mouse model. Methods Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups randomly ( n=12 in each group): the normal control , model control , madopar (50 mg·kg-1) group, MLR at low (140 mg·kg-1), middle (280 mg·kg-1) and high (560 mg·kg-1) dose groups. PD mouse models were established by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP ( 30 mg · kg-1 ) . Pole test and traction performance were recorded to access the body coordinate capability and strength. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transport protein ( DAT) , and glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) positive cells were detected by immunohistochemical method. Dopamine ( DA ) , dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) , homovanilic acid ( HVA ) , 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in striatum were quantified by HPLC-ECD. Results MLR significantly ameliorated mouse motor coordination ability (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). MLR at 280 and 560 mg·kg-1 could increase TH-positive neurons by 69. 00%and 77. 95% compared with the normal control group (P<0. 01) and DAT-positive neurons by 68. 53% and 70. 40% compared with the normal control group(P<0. 05), and decrease GFAP-postive astrocyte reactivity. The treatment with MLR at three doses attenuated the monoamine neurotransmitter disorder. Conclusion MLR markedly improves MPTP caused movement coordinate ability injury in mice and exerts therapeutic action on PD by regulating neurotransmitters in brain, inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and alleviating the neuron injury.

Aim To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of kaemperol in the rats with chronic cere-bral ischemia.Methods Chronic cerebral hypoperfu-sion model was produced by permanent occlusion of bi-lateral common carotid arteries (2VO)in rats.After KAE treatment,the rats underwent Morris water maze and prehensile traction test.Neuronal morphology was observed using Nissl and HE staining.The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in brain tissue were de-termined.The DJ-1 protein expression was assayed by Western blot.Results Compared with 2VO model group,KAE significantly improved learning and memo-ry and the grasping ability.In addition,KAE signifi-cantly reduced brain tissue pathological injury induced by 2VO. Furthermore, KAE significantly increased SOD activity and enhanced antioxidant protein DJ-1 ex-pression in brain tissue.Conclusions KAE could sig-nificantly attenuate the cognitive impairment,limb bal-ance dysfunction and pathological injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.The mechanism may be re-lated to improving the antioxidant system in vivo.

An analytical method based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 anti-obesity drugs ( fenfluramine, phenylpropanolamine, sibutramine, sertraline, rimonabant, bupropion, citalopram, fluoxetine, benfluorex, topiramate, zonisamide, caffeine, phenolphthalein, emodin, indapamide, bumetanide, torasemide, triamterene, orlistat, phenformin). that were extracted from various weight-loss functional foods by ethanol-acetone(7:3, V/V)and purified by primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane(ODS) under ultrasonication. The analysis was carried out on HPLC-MS /MS by electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring after the chromatographic separation on Waters Atlantis T3 (3 μm, 150 mm × 2. 1 mm) column. Identification was achieved by the retention time and the ion ratio, quantification was done by the external standard method. The limits of detection for the appetite suppressants were 0. 05-3. 0 mg/kg. The mean recoveries at the three spiked levels were 67 . 1%-101 . 4%, with the intra-day precision less than 10%and the inter-day precision less than 15%. The method is reliable, accurate, reproducible and suitable for the determination of the anti-obesity drugs in different weight-loss functional foods.

Objective To describe common dermoscopic features of primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA),and to explore the application value of dermoscopy in assisting the diagnosis of PCA.Methods Seventeen patients with PCA were collected from Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2014 and December 2016.A total of 45 skin lesions were subjected to dermoscopy,and their dermoscopic features were analyzed.Results The common dermoscopic features of PCA included central hubs,which could be white,brown or scar-like areas,various pigment structures and shiny white streaks.Dermoscopy showed that central hubs could be observed in all the lesions (100％),while white center hubs alone were observed in 14 (31％) lichenoid lesions,both white center hubs and scar -like areas in 5 (11％) lichenoid lesions,brown center hubs alone in 8 (18％) macular lesions,both white and brown center hubs in 6 (13％) lichenoid lesions and 17 (38％) macular lesions.All the lesions showed various pigment structures.Shiny white streaks were observed in 4 (9％) lichenoid lesions.Conclusion Dermoscopy has good application value in assisting the diagnosis of PCA.

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of Braden scale for the risk of development of pressure ulcers (PU) in the department of neurology bedridden patients and to explore subgroup preventive measures. Methods 400 cases newly hospitalized bedridden patients in the department of neurology were collected with no pressure ulcers at the first evaluation and pressure ulcer risk was continuously predicted by a Braden scale skin assessment. The high-risk, middle-risk and low-risk groups were randomized into the experimental group and the control group respectively. Routine preventive measures were taken for the control group while the air fluidized bed for the high-risk group, the sponge mattress for the middle-riskgroup, and turning the body over every 4 hours for low-risk group. Other preventive procedures were undertaken simultaneously in beth the experimental and the control groups. Results The area under the ROC curve (AUC)was 0.771 and 0.828 at the first and last time Braden scale scores respectively. Such vMues as sensitiveness, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were found in higher level,when the diagnosis value was 17. There was no significant difference of incidence rate of the subgroup pressure ulcers between the high-risk, middle-risk, low-risk groups compared to the control group. Conclusions The effect of predicting pressure ulcer risk for bedridden patients in the department of neurology with Braden scale was fairly good, while the score 17 as the diagnosis value was ideal. The air fluidized bed for the high-risk group and the sponge mattress for the middle-risk group resulted in no significant decrease of incidence rate of the pressure ulcer, while taming over the patients' body every 4 hours for low-risk groups showed acceptable and therefore saving medical resources.

Objective To explore the effect of two different scales in home nursing of pa-tients with cerebrovascular stent implantation and activities of daily living (ADL)of patients. Methods 90 patients with cerebrovascular stent implantation were randomly divided into control group,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 with 30 patients in each group.The control group was conducted with general hospital health education and outpatient follow-up,while the experimental group 1 and group 2 were conducted with the scales of Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL)and Functional Independence Measure (FIM)to assess their activities of daily living.In-terventions were made according to the results of the assessment.Results The ADL scores at 3 months and 6 months were both improved in experimental group 1 and group 2.Morever,the pa-tients in experimental group 2 were more improved than that in the experimental group 1,thus, the results revealed that difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The appli-cation of FIM in home nursing of patients with cerebrovascular stent implantation can effectively improve the level of their activities of daily living.

Objective To explore the effect of two different scales in home nursing of pa-tients with cerebrovascular stent implantation and activities of daily living (ADL)of patients. Methods 90 patients with cerebrovascular stent implantation were randomly divided into control group,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 with 30 patients in each group.The control group was conducted with general hospital health education and outpatient follow-up,while the experimental group 1 and group 2 were conducted with the scales of Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL)and Functional Independence Measure (FIM)to assess their activities of daily living.In-terventions were made according to the results of the assessment.Results The ADL scores at 3 months and 6 months were both improved in experimental group 1 and group 2.Morever,the pa-tients in experimental group 2 were more improved than that in the experimental group 1,thus, the results revealed that difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The appli-cation of FIM in home nursing of patients with cerebrovascular stent implantation can effectively improve the level of their activities of daily living.

Objective:To summarize the clinical phenotypes and genetic variations of children with epilepsy related to CLCN4 gene mutations. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 9 children with epilepsy who were diagnosed with CLCN4 gene mutations through whole-exome sequencing of family members. These children were treated at the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from December 2016 to March 2024. Their clinical manifestations, electroencephalogram, cranial imaging characteristics, and treatment follow-up were reviewed. Results:Among the 9 children, 6 were male and 3 were female. All cases involved de novo mutations. Three cases carried the c.823G>A/p.V275M variant, 2 cases carried the c.2152C>T/ p.R718W variant, 1 case carried the c.1630G>A/pG544R variant, and 1 case carried the c.2167C>T/ p.R723W variant. Two cases carried the unreported new variant c.848G>T/p.S283I and c.818G>A/ p.G273E. The onset age of epilepsy ranged from 55 days to 10 years, with a median onset age of 14 months. Seven out of 9 children had epilepsy onset before the age of 2 years. The types of seizures varied: 8 had focal seizures, 1 had generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 2 had myoclonic seizures, 1 had epileptic spasms, and 1 had atypical absence seizures. Three children experienced multiple types of seizures. All 9 children exhibited developmental delays to varying degrees: 8 had global developmental delay and 1 had cognitive developmental delay. Developmental delays were observed in 7 children before the onset of epilepsy. Clinically, 1 child was diagnosed with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, 7 with unclassified developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and 1 with focal epilepsy with developmental delay. At the last follow-up, the age of the children ranged from 2 years and 5 months to 13 years and 9 months. Seizures had been controlled in 3 children for a duration of 4 to 12 months. Conclusions:De novo variants are common in CLCN4 variants. Most seizures onset in infancy, seizure types are various, and focal seizures are common. Most of them have developmental delay and drug-resistant epilepsy, and some of them have developmental delay before seizure onset, which is consistent with the characteristics of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Objective To describe high-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of seborrheic keratosis (SK).Methods Between August and December in 2017,46 outpatients with SK were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,and 50 SK lesions were observed by 50-and 20-MHz high-frequency skin ultrasonography and dermoscopy.The highfrequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of SK lesions were summarized and analyzed.Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test for comparisons of evaluation results of SK lesions between 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography,and the correspondence between high-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of SK was analyzed by calculating the simple matching coefficient.Results As 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography showed,ultrasonographic features of SK lesions from top to bottom were enhanced hyperecho (48/50 vs.39/50,respectively,P =0.007),enhanced hyperechoic masses or spots in the stratum corneum (22/50 vs.11/50,respectively,P =0.019),sound shadows behind the epidermis (34/50 vs.13/50,respectively,P ＜ 0.001),skin lesions with regular shapes and clear borders (46/50 vs.41/50,respectively,P =0.137),heterogeneous hypoechoic areas in the lesions (50/50 vs.47/50,respectively,P =0.079) and internal hyperechoic spots (25/50 vs.2/50,respectively,P ＜0.001),the lesional bottom being at the same level (40/50 vs.36/50,respectively,P =0.349),and reduced dermal echogenicity below the lesion (50/50 vs.28/50,respectively,P ＜ 0.001).In regard to the overall evaluation of the above 8 ultrasonographic characteristics,50-MHz ultrasonography was superior to 20-MHz ultrasonography (P =0.002).The common dermoscopic features of the 50 SK lesions were clear borders (n =50),comedo-like openings (n =45),ridge or cerebriform pattern (n =31),hairpin-like vessels (n =30),multiple milia-like cysts (n =24),moth-eaten border (n =21) and shiny white streaks (n =3).Under 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography,the simple matching coefficients between enhanced hyperechoic masses or spots in the stratum corneum and comedo-like openings under dermoscopy were 42％ (21) and 20％ (10) respectively,and the simple matching coefficients between internal hyperechoic spots and multiple milialike cysts (＞ 3) under dermoscopy were 58％ (29) and 48％ (24) respectively.Conclusion Highfrequency skin ultrasonography and dermoscopy both are of great value to the assessment of SK lesions,and 50-MHz ultrasonography is superior to 20-MHz ultrasonography for imaging skin lesions.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of developmental epileptic encephalopathy children with DNM1 gene variants. Methods:The genotypes and clinical features of 15 children with DNM1 variants related epilepsy in the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from June 2017 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:A total of 8 male and 7 female epilepsy patients with DNM1 gene variants with the age of seizure onset ranging from 15 days to 22 months were recruited, median age was 8 months.All cases belonged to de novo heterozygous variants of the DNM1 gene, including 13 cases of missense variants, 1 case of frame shift variant and 1 case of nonsense variant, 8 cases of ectopic sites have not been reported.Multiple seizure types were observed, including epileptic spasms in 15 patients, focal seizure in 9 patients, atypical absence seizure in 2 patients and tonic seizure in 2 patients.There were various types of seizures in 7 children.Nine cases occurred as infantile spasm for the first time.All 15 patients showed varied degrees of development delay, among them, 11 cases had developmental retardation before epilepsy.Three patients had slow rhythm of electroencephalogram background activity, the electroencephalography showed hypsarrhythmia in 13 patients; clinical seizures were detected in 8 cases, among them, epileptic spasms were captured in 7 patients, tonic seizure was captured in 1 patient.Widened frontotemporal subarachnoid space, cerebral atrophy, and corpus callosum dysplasia were examined in 6, 2 and 3 patients by cranial magnetic resonance imaging, respectively.All 15 cases were diagnosed as developmental epileptic encephalopathy, of which 13 cases were consistent with infantile spasms.The age of the last follow-up ranged from 1 year old to 7 years old.After multi-antiepileptic drug treatment, 2 patients were remission, 1 patient(small size of identical twins) died of severe pneumonia at the age of 2 years, and 12 patients still had intermittent seizures, of which 1 patient was transformed from infantile spasms to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Conclusions:The onset age of developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by the DNM1 gene variant usually begins in the infantile period, the peak onset age was 8 months.The main types of seizures include epileptic spasms and focal seizures, developmental retardation can occur before seizures.The clinical manifestations are mostly infantile spasms syndrome, and some children can be transformed into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.