OBJECTIVE To find out the situation of the use of preventive application of antimicrobial in orthopedic perioperative patients and to evaluate the rationality of use. METHODS To make a survey of the use of antimicrobials in orthopedic perioperative patients during Apr-Jun 2004 and to evaluate the kinds,frequency,combined administration,course,effectiveness,etc. RESULTS 99.2% patients had received antimicrobials involving 14 kinds.62.8% from them used one.34.5% used two and 2.7% used three. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to strengthen the management of preventive antimicrobial in orthopedic patients during perioperative period.

Objective To select the optimum conditions of Echinococcosis ELISA kit and kit preparation by using orthogonal experiments,then to test their detection performance.Methods Taking the absorbance of the samples as the indicator,orthogonal experiments of three factors four levels were taken to optimize the conditions of hydatid disease detection ELISA kit.Through L16 (43)orthogonal experiments,the concentration of the antigen(A),the dilution multiple of the sample (B) and the dilution multiple of the enzyme labeled antigen (C) were studied.The specimen were provided by The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University specimen library collected between March 2011 and June 2013,including 36 sera confirmed alveolar Echinococcus by the gold standard,56 sera confirmed Echinococcus granulosus disease by the gold standard and 72 sera as the control group(including healthy people,cirrhosis,hepatitis,etc).Detecting sensitivity and specificity were compared using F test for statistical analysis.Results Orthogonal design showed the size proportion of three factors of echinococcosis ELISA kit:antibody dilution ＞ sample dilution ＞ antigen coating concentration.The optimal preparation conditions were A1 B2 C4,that was,the concentration of antigen was 1 mg/L,sample dilution of 1∶ 100,dilution of secondary antibody of 1∶160 000.Through the 3-factor and 4-level orthogonal design using F-test analysis,the fact of the concentration of the kit antigen(A),F =1.181,P =0.393; the fact of the dilution multiple of the sample (B),F =2.544,P =0.152,the fact of enzyme labeled antigen dilution (C) F =2.544,P =0.039.The sensitivity of the kit to Echinococcus granulosus disease and alveolar Echinococcus were 83％ (30/36),and 91％ (51/56),respectively; the specificity was 91％ (29/32) and 83％ (33/40); the misdiagnosis rate of 17％ (6/36) and 9％ (5/56) ; the misdiagnosis rate 9％ (3/32) and 18％ (7/40) ; positive likelihood ratio 8.86％ (83/9) and 5.20％ (91/18) ; negative likelihood ratio of 0.18％ (17/91) and 0.11％ (9/83).Conclusion Orthogonal design is a good method that can find out optimal conditions of preparation for Echinococcosis ELISA kit and improve the test performance.

HCV NS5B, acting as a RNA dependent replication enzyme,has emerged as an attractive protein used as a target for screenig of drugs against HCV NS5B, and plays an important role in HCV replication. In the report the gene expression of NS5B in E.coli was investigated. PCR was performed to gain the gene of HCV NS5B from plasmid pBRTM/HCV 1 which contains whole sequence of HCV, and the truncated NS5B gene containing no hydrophobic domain was cloned into pGEM Teasy vector. The gene of the truncated NS5B was cut from pGEM Teasy vector and cloned into E.coli expression plasmid pET 21b, then pET 21b NS5B was transfected into E.coli cells. The protein E.coli lysates were purified and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and Western blotting assay. The RdRp activity of NS5B was examined by scintillation proximity assay (SPA). The truncated NS5B gene was successfully cloned into pET 21b. The results of SDS PAGE and Western blotting assay showed: ①the molecular weight of the expressed product was about 68 000 D, ②The truncated NS5B protein was existed in media of E.coli cells, ③The activity of NS5BDCT21 His from HCV 1b amounted to 6 900 cpm (total incorporation of approximately). These findings suggest that soluble NS5B can be successfully expressed in E.coli and could secret into media.

Objective To clarify the actions of tranilast,an anti allergic drug,on chronic constriction mononeuropathy through an experiment using an animal model according to the method of Bennett et al. Methods 36 rats were divided into 2 groups: one was treated with tranilast(200mg/kg?d-1,p.o every experimental day),the other was controlled with solvent only. Chronological changes of heat evoked withdrawal latencies on a hot plate,nerve coducting velocitics, and histopathological changes were compared between the two groups from one to four weeks after loose ligation in the sciatic nerve. Results The changes of the withdrawal latency and nerve conducting velocities in the tranilast treatment group were significantly longer than those in the control. The rats without tranilast treatment showed inflammation in and around the constricted nerve bundles,axonal degeneration,phagocytes invasion and interstitial edematous changes at 7 days,numerous axonal sprouts and remyelination at 14 days,and regeneration in the nerve bundles at 28 days. In contrast,the rats treated with tranilast showed less inflammation or nerve fiber degeneration,and better regeneration than those of the control. Conclusion The actions of tranilast appear to have beneficial effects on prophylaxis of a chronic constriction mononeuropathy and on preservation of the nerve functions in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate anatomical characteristics of the medial foot vessels and effects of different vascular pedicle skin flaps in repair of foot and ankle trauma.MethodsThirty adult cadaveric lower limbs were injected with red latex through the popliteal artery and posterior tibial artery to anatomically observe the cutaneous arterial origin,branches,distribution and anastomosis of the medial foot.Then,anterior medial malleolar artery perforator flaps and distally-based medial foot flaps were harvested and used for repairing foot and ankle trauma of 16 patients.Results The origin of cutaneous blood vessels of the medial foot was diversified and mainly included the anterior medial malleolar artery,medial tarsal artery,and arterial arcades anastomosing with anterior posterior branches of the two former arteries and the superficial branches of plantar digital artery and the medial plantar artery.According to distribution area of the anterior medial malleolar artery and the medial tarsal artery,the vascular anatomy of the medial foot skin was classified into three types.Clinically,all the flaps survived.Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 20 months,which showed normal color,good shape and good pain and warm sensation of the flaps.ConclusionThe anterior medial malleolar artery perforator flaps present good reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the ankle,whereas the distally-based medial foot flaps present good reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the mid-forefoot.

[Summary] During recent years, increasing evidences have indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) might increase the risk of certain tumors; the process might be not only related with the chronic pathologic status of T2DM such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, status of chronic inflammation but also associated with the long-term use of anti-diabetic drugs (i. e. sulfonylureas, biguanides, glitazones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptitide-1 receptor agonists), as well as the use of insulin and insulin analogues. Herewith a system review was made about the recent progress in studying T2DM and tumor risk.

Objeetive To explore the value of antisense imaging of 99Tcm-labeled ASON targeting mouse double minute 2(MDM2) mRNA for the diagnosis of human prostate cancer.Methods The ASON targeting MDM2 mRNA and the mismatched oligonucleotide (ASONM) were synthesized and radiolabeled with 99Tcm using the bifunctional chelator HYNIC.The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity were investigated.Animal models of nude mice bearing human prostate cancer LNCaP were established and divided into 3 groups with 10 mice in each group.99Tcm-HYNIC-ASON,99Tcm-HYNIC-ASONM (study groups) and 99TcmO4-(control group) were injected at the dose of 7.4 MBq through the tail vein,respectively.Tumor imaging was acquired with SPECT and the tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio was measured.The data was compared by one-way analysis of variance.Results The labeling efficiencies of ASON and ASONM were (65.15± 2.05) ％ and (64.93±2.18) ％,respectively.Their radiochemical purity was greater than 90％.At 1,4 and 10 h post injection,the T/M ratios of 99Tcm-HYNIC-ASON group were 3.217±0.125,3.749± 0.201 and 4.028±0.186,and those of 99Tcm-HYNIC-ASONM group were 1.579t0.128,1.715±1.140 and 1.683±0.139,and control group 2.146±0.132,1.847±0.124,1.528±0.152,respectively.The T/M ratios in control group and 99Tcm-HYNIC-ASONM group were significantly lower than those in 99Tcm-HYNICASON group at 1,4 and 10 h,respectively (F=213.37-235.41,t=3.527-4.738; all P＜0.01).The T/M ratios of 99Tcm-HYNIC-ASONM group and control group were not significantly different at 1,4 and 10 h (t=2.154,2.287 and 2.236,all P＞0.05).Conclusion The antisense probe of MDM2 can accumulate specifically in prostate cancer tissue in animal models,which might be useful as a non-invasive genetic tool for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective:To study the optimal extraction process of Yinxiejing. Methods: An orthogonal experimental method was used with reflux time, reflux times, ethanol concentration and volume as the influencing factors, and emodin and osthole content as the indices. Results:The optimal extraction conditions for Yinxiejing were as follows:refluxing twice with 2 h every time using 8-fold 80%ethanol. Conclusion:The optimum process is stable and feasible.

Objective:To study the effects of rat interleukin-10 (rIL-10) gene treatment on the expression of collagen , matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13) and their specific inhibitors the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP1) in porcine serum in-duced liver fibrosis rats then to explore the anti-fibrotic effect of rL-10.Methods:Thirty SD rats were divided into normal control and fibrosis model group.Normal control group (group C) was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml normal sodium twice a week for 8 week, while the fibrosis model group was injected with equal volume of pig serum for 8 week.At the beginning of the 5th week, fibrosis model group was further randomly divided into a fibrosis model subgroup ( group M ) , rIL-10 gene treatment subgroup ( group I ) and empty vector control subgroup(group P).Rats in group C and M were injected with Ringer’s solution as a reagent control via the tail vein weekly, rats in group I were injected with the rIL-10 plasmid pcDNA3-rIL-10, and rats in group P were injected with empty vector pcDNA3.All rats were sacrificed at the end of 8th week, and the liver tissue samples were collected to observe deposition of collegan in liver tissue by sirius red staining and detected the expression of MMP 13 and TIMP1 in the liver tissue by SP immunohistochemistry .Re-sults:Sirius red staining showed that the area of the collegan deposition was dramatically increased in fibrosis model subgroup and emp -ty vector control subgroup compared with the normal control group , and the area of the collagen deposition was dramatically decreased in rIL-10 gene treatment subgroup compared with the fibrosis model and empty vector control subgroup .Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression of MMP 13 and TIMP1 in fibrosis model subgroup and empty vector control subgroup was significantly higher than the normal control group , but compared with normal control group , expression of MMP13 was significantly increased and expres-sion of TIMP1 was significantly decreased in rIL-10 gene treatment subgroup .Compared with fibrosis model subgroup and empty vector control subgroup, the expression of MMP13 and TIMP1 was dramatically decreased in rIL-10 gene treatment subgroup.Conclusion:rIL-10 gene treatment attenuates the area of collagen deposition in liver fibrosis rats associated with downregulation of TIMP 1.

BACKGROUND:Nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite is very close to the human cortical bone in terms of mechanical properties, and has osteogenic activity, which is a safe and reliable bone material. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite bioactive supporting material on the restoration of vertebral structure and height. METHODS: Totaly 177 patients with spinal diseases, 116 males and 61 females, aged 17-81 years, were enroled, including 97 cases of spinal fractures, 5 cases of primary tumors of the spine, 17 cases of spinal tuberculosis and 58 cases of cervical spondylosis. The nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite bioactive supporting body was filed into the bone grafts of patients and then subjected to anterior decompression and internal fixation. After 36 months of folow-up, imaging analysis, Frankel spinal cord injury classification, bone graft fusion, visual analog scale scores,Short Form 36 and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the folow-up, except one patient with cervical spine fracture appeared to have slight supporting body displacement, there was no supporting body prolapse or rupture phenomena. The bone graft fusion rate was 96.0%, the average supporting body sinking distance was 1.7 mm. After treatment, 97 patients with spinal fractures had different degree of improvement in the neurological function (P < 0.05); the visual analog scale scores, Short Form 36 and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were improved significantly in al the 177 patients compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the use of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite bioactive supporting material for spinal reconstruction can improve the bone fusion rate, and restore the vertebral structure and height effectively.