BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical experiences show that the surface roughness of dental restoration materials directly affects bacterial adhesion; in addition, the material composition and physicochemical properties are also important influencing factors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the bacterial adhesion of zirconia ceramics and nickel chromium al oy as oral materials. METHODS: Zirconia ceramics and nickel chromium al oy were respectively cut into 10 pieces of 3. 0 cm ×3.0 cm×0. 2 cm plate specimens. For each material, five pieces were subjected to surface polishing treatment, and the other five pieces were glazed. Surface roughness value of specimens was detected. Experimental strains of Streptococcus mutans was cultured on the specimen surface at 37 ℃ for 48 hours, and the amount of bacteria adhering to the specimen surface was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Surface roughness of four groups of specimens showed no difference. The amount of bacteria that adhered to the polishing specimens of zirconia ceramics was significantly lower than that of nickel chromium al oy (P < 0.05), but no difference was found in the amount of bacteria adhering to the glazing specimens of nickel-chromium al oy and zirconia ceramics. These findings indicate that zirconia ceramics has better ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion than nickel-chromium al oy, especial y after glazing.

Objective To describe the understanding level of disease of children with leukemia and their ways of obtaining disease information in order to help nurses and parents to select appropriate content and manners to communicate with children about disease information.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 children' parents using a descriptive qualitative research method,and the data were analyzed using content analysis.Results Children during remission stage of leukemia had different understanding levels of their disease.Ways of children with leukemia to obtain disease information was correlated with their mental maturity.Conclusions Disease information should be told according to children's age,disease course and level of thinking,and health professionals and parents could provide appropilate ways of obtaining information for children on basis of their mental maturity.

Objective To study the characteristics of EEG after tramsient ischemic attack and to offer reference for screening procedure of aircrew and astronaut selection. Method The dominant frequency uncertainty of alpha band EEG in 12 pilots(males; age 30±5) with transient ischemic episodes in middle cerebral artery(MCA) territories and in 20 normal healthy pilots was analyzed with frequency-fluctuation analysis. Result The dominant probability of the main frequency coinciding with sites affected by transient ischaemic attack(TIA) in patient pilots was higher than that in healthy pilots (P<0.01),and the dominant probability ratio logarithmic index I≥0 in all patient pilots with normal EEG, but I<0 in all healthy pilots. It was also found that not only I≥0, but the second component shifted to lower frequency(8 Hz) in patients with slight focal EEG alterations,i.e. slowing of frequency. The relative entropy values (percentage) were decreased significantly in pilots with TIA as compared with healthy pilots (P＜0.05). Conclusion The dominant frequency uncertainty analysis of alpha band showed clear superiority of computerized evaluation over routine visual assessment for the diagnosis of minor cerebral ischemia. It offers not only a possibility of studying pathophysiological functional parameter, but also the reference for screening procedure in aircrew and astronaut selection.

The occupation post exposure prophylaxis for AIDS has been carried out for many years and achieved remarkable result,but local trials of non-occupational exposure prophylaxis encountered many ethical problems and difficulties.In the context of high willingness in the AIDS high-risk population to accept non occupational exposure prophylaxis and increasing demand for drugs,starting from the value concept of life dignity,based on the ethical principles of good without hurt,fairness and justice,it is recommended to strengthen the propaganda of non occupational exposure prophylaxis and improve the availability of prophylaxis drug for non occupational exposure,in order to enable the high-risk groups possibly infected with HIV received timely preventive treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin level and health status of the elderly living in communities in Beijing.Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select residents living in communities of Beijing city,and a cross-sectional study was carried out by questionnaires,scene testing and blood sample collection.WHO-formulated criteria were applied for diagnosing anemia.The health indicators in questionnaires included visual impairment,physical disability,decreased health,self-care,fatigue,anorexia,independent walking distance,exercise frequency,intelligence status and computing power.Results Complete information was obtained in a total of 1 948 elderly people,including 790 cases of male and 1 158 cases of female,with an average age of(73.9±6.1)years and a median age of 74 years(65-100).The mean level of hemoglobin in the 1 948 people was(135.65 ± 14.48) g/L,with (142.56 ± 15.56) g/L in male and (130.95 ± 11.53) g/L in female.Hemoglobin level was significantly lower in female than in men (t =54.739,P＜ 0.01).Hemoglobin level was decreased with aging,and negatively associated with appetite,physical strength,walk assistance,visual acuity and physical ability(r=-0.055,-0.067,-0.071,-0.114,-0.095;P =0.022,0.005,0.004,0.000,0.000),while positively associated with health status,activities in daily life,athletic ability,exercise frequency and intelligence (r =0.073,0.126,0.122,0.066,0.124;P =0.002,0.000,0.000,0.006,0.000).Conclusions The hemoglobin level of the elderly decreases with aging and is associated with health status and quality of life in the elderly,which should be taken care seriously.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tubal sterilization and endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Methods The clinical data of 4 987 peoples with diagnostic curettage in Datong, Shanxi Province from January 2008 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological type, 2 891 cases were in abnormal endometrium group (simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, and atypical hyperplasia, endometrial cancer) (experimental group) and 2 096 cases were in normal endometrium group (proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, atrophic endometrium) (control group). The relationship between tubal sterilization and endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer was analyzed. Results The proportion of age, education level, sterilization, duration of sterilization and menopausal years were significantly different between the two groups (χ2values were 36.47, 15.05, 33.11, 34.50, 5.19, all P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other variables (all P> 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years (OR= 5.64, 95 % CI 1.42-16.08, P=0.012), sterilization (OR= 4.76, 95 % CI 1.31-12.69, P = 0.015), duration of sterilization ≥10 years (OR= 15.58, 95 % CI 2.05-118.54, P= 0.008) were high risk factors for endometrial abnormalities. Conclusions Tubal sterilization is a risk factor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.The postoperative patients should be strengthened anti-cancer census.

"Treatment after discovery" is the most effective way to prevent and treat AIDS by far.Although Yunnan Province has made remarkable achievements in the three wars of AIDS prevention and control,it faced realistic obstacles of slow updating of knowledge,shortage of full-time medical staff,unstable team and poor trans-provincial treatment system in the implementation of "treatment after discovery".This paper analyzed these obstacles from the perspective of bioethics,reflected the ideological roots of the unfulfilment to the HIV / AIDS population's dignity identify and human rights protection,and further put forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Objective To investigate the protective role of Gingko Biloba extract (EGB 761) in intestinal mucosal barrier of intestinal inflammation model mouse.Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group and EGB 761 group;the animal model was established;the general condition,body mass change,fecal occult blood and colon histopatho1ogical changes were observed,the expressions of occludin-1 proteins in colon tissue were detected by immunofluorescence.Results The body mass in the model group appeared to decrease,drinking water and eating food were significantly decreased compared with that in the control group.However after the EGB 761 intervention,the body mass of the model mice was significantly risen again;little inflammatory cells infiltration could be seen in the EGB 761 group,the inflammatory degree was significantly alleviated compared with the model group.The fluorescence distribution of the claudin-1,occludin and zo-1 in colonic tissues of the model group was more disperse compared with the normal group,the fluorescence intensity was weakened with rough edge;after EGB 761 intervention,the fluorescence in the EGB7 61 group was distributed along with the cellular membrane,the intensity was slightly weakened compared with the normal control group,but was still stronger than that in the model group.Conclusion EGB 761 can improve the inflammatory reaction in mouse colonic tissue,its mechanism may be related with its strengthening the protective effect of intestinal mucosal barrier.

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