Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optimistic bias of female AIDS/HIV carriers before and after the health education in penitentiary.Methods: Two questionnaires including AIDS Events Questionnaires and AIDS Knowledge Scale are conducted among 57 female AIDS/HIV carriers after receiving health education in penitentiary.Results: Female AIDS/HIV carriers from the penitentiary had both type I and typeⅡoptimistic bias of AIDS/HIV;Female AIDS/HIV carriers from the penitentiary acquired significantly more knowledge after receiving health education,the health education of AIDS/HIV had significantly reduced the optimistic bias to AIDS/HIV.Conclusion: Health education of AIDS/HIV had notably changed the cognitive ability and reduced optimistic bias to AIDS/HIV of female AIDS/HIV carriers from the penitentiary,therefore effectively corrected their irrational ideas of AIDS/HIV.

Objective To identify risk factors, incidence and trends of nosocomial infections in the neonate ward. Methods Total 6395 hospitalized neonates were sub-grouped by state of maturity, attending to neonate intensive care unit (NICU), length of stay, underlying diseases, use of antibacterial agents and mechanical ventilation. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in each subgroup. Results Among 6395 hospitalized neonates, 168 (2.63%) had nosocomial infections, and the incidence rates were of statistical difference among groups (P<0.01), Lower respiratory tract was the most frequent infection site accounting for 80.9% of all infections. 61.3% eases were caused by gram negative bacteria, in which 72.06% were enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions To prevent nosecomial infection among neonates the following measures should taken: improve care for NICU and premature babies, reduce length of stay, avoid invasive procedures, isolate infected neonates and use antibacterial agents rationally.

0.5). However, when the flexible bronchoscope was used, foreign bodies dropped into the esophagus in 5 patients. Conclusion The characteristic manifestations was not frequent in the patients with larynx and trachea foreign bodies.History of aspiration was the most sensitive diagnostic tool. The plain chest radiography and fluoroscopy had low positive finding.Therefore, fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination should be performed timely.However, for extraction of foreign bodies, rigid bronchoscope would be the first choice.

Objective To study the microanatomy of the area in which the facial nerve being easy to damage in mastoid surgery, in order to provide microanatomical datas for the clinical works. Methods In 20 adult wet skull specimens (40 temporal bones), the segments of facial nerve and their adjacent structures in the area in which the facial nerve being easy to damage were observed according to operation of mastoid surgery. Results The length of the horizontal segment was (8.85 ± 1.01) mm (7.10-11.25 nun), the diameter was (1.88 ± 0.65) mm (1.55-1.90 mm); The angle opening towards anterior direction between horizontal segment and vertical segment was (115.50 ± 6.89°) (109.5°-128.6°); The vertical distance from the cochlearform process to this segment was (1.89 ± 0.58) mm (0.90-3.05 mm); The vertical distance from the midpoint of the base of stapes to this segment was (1.92 ± 0.52) mm (1.44-2.56 mm); The vertical distance from the head of the stapes to this segment was (2.30 ± 0.85) mm (1.97-3.11 mm); The angle towards posterior direction between horizontal segment of facial nerve and tympanic tegmen was (28.5°± 3.66°) (25.8°-31.5°); The diameter of the pyramidal segment of facial nerve was (1.89 ± 0.65) mm (1.56-1.88 mm); The distance between the su mmit of pyramidal segment of facial nerve and the apex of shor limb of incus was (2.55 ± 0.21) mm (2.10-2.90 mm); The distance from the su mmit to the eminence of the lateral semicircular canal was (2.86 ± 0.31) mm (2.23-3.56 mm); The diameter of the proximal part of vertical segment of facial nerve was (2.13 ± 0.13) mm (1.90-2.40 mm); The angle towards superior direction between verical segment of facial nerve and chorda tympani nerve was (38.60 ± 1.99°) (28.5°-52.5°); The vertical distance from the top of the pyramidal eminence to the vertical segment of the facial nerve was (2.05 ± 0.65) mm (1.85-2.36 mm). Conclusions The eminence of the lateral semicircular canal, short limb of incus, cochlearform process, tympanic tegmen, stapes, pyramidal eminence, chorda tympani nerve in the area are important landmarks to be located in mastoid surgery. The anatomic relations in this area are complicated and compact. Anatomical knowledge is very important to the surgery of this area.

Objective To investigate the delayed alteration of hippocampus proteome after an-esthesia with isoflurane in aduh and aged rats. Methods Ten 8-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into group Caduh and group Iadult (5 in each group) , and another ten 22-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into group Caged and group Iaged (5 in each group). The rats in group Iadult and group Iaged received 2 h anesthesia with 1.2 % isoflurane. The rats in group Cadult and group Caged inhaled 40% oxygen for contrast. The hippocampal proteome of each rat was measured by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Results The vital signs of the rats in group Iadult and group Iaged were stable. There were 878±34 protein spots in group Cadult, 864±49 protein spots in group Iadult, 834±47 in group Caged, and 819±24 in group Iaged. There were 12 (4/8)different protein spots between group Iadult and group Cadult. There were 11 (3/8) different protein spots between group Iaged and group Caged. All of the protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Most of the different proteins were related to metabolism, anti-oxidation, and signal conditioning of synapse. Conclusion Isoflurane may cause the alteration of hippocampal pro-teome in rats, which is age-related.

Objective To explore the effect of different states of the environment to the rehabilitation process and complications of preterm infants in the different environment in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods 120 premature infants were divided into observation group and control group with 60 cases in each group by random digital table method. The control group was treated with routine nursing model, while observation group was treated with bird nest nursing, lower noise and using cyclic lights. Oxygen time and hospitalization time, increasing about body weight, sleeping time on the twenty-eighth days and the incidence of complications between the two groups were compared. Results The hospitalization and oxygen time were (41.79±2.51)days and (11.45±5.22)days respectively in the observation group, those were shorter obviously than that in the control group [(45.32±3.85)days and(15.52±5.89)days, t=5.95, 4.01, P<0.01].The growth of body weight was (17.36±2.94) g/d, the sleeping time on the twenty-eighth day was (21.18 ±0.39)hours in the observation group. It was increased than that in the control group [(13.48±4.63)g/d and(19.56±0.45)hours], and the difference was significant(t=5.48, 21.07, P<0.01). The incidences of nosocomial infection and feeding intolerance in the observation group were reduced significantly, the difference was significant ( X2=7.06, 8.71, P<0.01). Conclusions Improving the environment in NICU can prevent the adverse factors on premature infants, promote the recovery and growth of premature infants.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the abnormality in hematological system induced by antituberculosis drugs so as to promote the rational use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:The 441 case reports on abnormality in hematological system induced by antituberculosis drugs retrieved from Chinese medical science periodicals from Jan 1990 to Apr 2007 collected in CHKD periodicals knowledge base in China hospital digital library were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 15 antibuberculosis drugs were involved in the ADR cases,leading the list were rifampicin,ciprofloxacin and isoniazide,which resulted in a total of 211 ADR cases.Leukopenia was the chief clinical manifestation.CONCLUSIONS:It is essential for clinical practitioners master the distribution patterns of ADR in hematological system caused by antituberculosis drugs so as to promote medication safety.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and expressions of Notch-1,NF-κB mRNA and their protein levels in the brain tissue of septic mice and intervention effects of intrathecal injection of lentiviral vector of miR-34a gene for regulating Notch-1/NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods A total of 54 mice of clean grade were divided randomly (random number) into four groups,namely sham group (n =9),in which sham-operated laparotomy was performed;CLP group (n=15),in which the cecum ligation operation (CLP) was performed;NC group (n =15),in which intrathecal injection of lentivirus 5 μL (concentration 5 × 108 TU/mL),one time per day,for 3 days,then CLP was performed on the seventh day;intervention group (n =15),in wihch intrathecal injection of miR-34a lentivirus 5 μL (concentration 5 × 108 TU/mL),one time per day,for 3 days,then CLP was performed on the seventh day.The mice of four groups were sacrificed 24 h after modeling or operation.The changes of behavior of mice was observed and the neurological scores were assessed 24 h after CLP.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in the brain were measured by ELISA method.The mRNA expression and protein levels of Notch-1 and NF-κB in the brain tissue were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot method,respectively.Pathological changes of brain tissue were observed under light microscope.Results The neurological scores,the cerebral TNF-α,IL-6 levels,the mRNA expression and protein level of NF-κB (P＜0.01),and IL-1β levels (P ＜0.05) in CLP group 24 h after modeling were higher than those in sham group.The cerebral IL-10 level and the mRNA expression and protein level of Notch-1 (P ＜ 0.01) in CLP group 24 h after modeling were lower than those in sham group.The neurological scores,the cerebral TNF-α and IL-1β levels,and the protein level of NF-κB (P ＜0.01),and IL-6 (P ＜ 0.05) in NC group 24 h after modeling were higher than those in sham group.The cerebral IL-10 level,the mRNA expression and protein level of Notch1 in NC group 24 h after modeling were lower than those in sham group.There were no significant difference in neurological socres,IL-1β and IL-6 levels between intervention group and CLP group (P ＞ 0.05).The IL-10 level (P ＜ 0.05) and the mRNA expression (P ＜ 0.05) and protein level (P ＜ 0.01) of Notch-1 in intervention group 24 h after modeling were lower than those in CLP group.There were no significant difference in biomarkers between NC group and CLP group (P ＞ 0.05).The degree of cerebral damage found under light microscope was also ameliorated in intervention group compared with CLP group 24 h after modeling.Conclusions The effects of miR-34a via regulating Notch-1/NF-κB signaling pathway on brain function exerts cerebral protective effects in septic mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of environmental intervention on growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in very low birth weight infants in NICU.Methods 60 cases of very low birth weight infants were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group (30 cases in each group) in NICU from June 2012 to June 2013.By adjusting the light,reducing the noise,focusing the nursing time,the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 were detected and the growth indexes were measured including body weight,length,and head circumference on the 7th day and 14th day.Results The indicators of growth and development in the experimental group on the 7th day and 14th day after birth were significantly better than those of the control group.The IGF-1 level in the experimental group on the 7th day was significantly higher than that of the control group.The GH and IGF-1 level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusions Effective environmental intervention in NICU can improve the GH and IGF-1 lev-el of very low birth weight infants and improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the anxiety and depression in caregivers of patients in persist vegetative state and minimally conscious state, and discuss the related factors. Methods From January, 2010 to December, 2014, 60 caregivers of 60 patients in persist vegetative state and minimally conscious state were assessed with Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The sex, ed-ucation level, relation to the patients and family income of the caregivers, and the age of the patients and number of the families of the pa-tients were recorded, and analyzed with Logistic regression. Results 55％caregivers were found in anxiety, and 48.4％in depression. The fe-male caregivers (OR>6.870, P<0.05), the number of the family of the patients (OR<0.233, P<0.05) and age of the patients (OR<0.294, P<0.05) were independent factors associated with anxiety and depression. Conclusion The caregivers of patients in persist vegetative state and minimally conscious state are troubled in anxiety and depression, especially the female, while age and the number of the families of patient may be important factors for it.