As a critical component of global agriculture,the dairy industry is essential for the food security and economic development.In China,the dairy sector in plateau regions plays an important role in addressing the nutritional needs of residents,boosting farmers' incomes,and fostering re-gional economic growth.However,the harsh high-altitude conditions,such as low oxygen,low at-mospheric pressure,and severe climate,pose significant challenges to the health and survival of dairy cows.This article summarizes the changes in physiological characteristics,metabolic perform-ance,production performance,and health status of dairy under high altitude areas,providing in-sights for the identification of adaptive traits in dairy to plateau.Also,the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind these phenotypic adaptations are discussed,and future directions and strategies for enhancing adaptability of dairy of dairy n plateau regions are outlined,thereby guiding re-searchers in adaptation evolution and breeding of dairy cattle.

Pulmonary artery thrombectomy is an important method for treatment of acute pulmonary embolism(PE),and its successful implementation relies on the close collaboration of a multidisciplinary team.This article explores the indications,surgical strategies and key links of multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)for pulmonary artery thrombectomy through the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with acute pulmonary embolism.The patient sought medical attention due to wheezing and was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism through imaging,with a risk stratification of medium to high risk.With the collaboration of multiple disciplines including respiratory medicine department,cardiology department,cardiac surgery department,radiology department and ultrasound department,percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was successfully performed.After the surgery,the patient's blood flow was restored,symptoms were significantly relieved,and no serious complications occurred.This article aims to provide a reference framework for MDT in pulmonary artery thrombectomy for clinical doctors,optimize the treatment process for patients with pulmonary embolism,and provide reference for case selection and diagnosis and treatment strategies of thrombectomy treatment of pulmonary embolism.

As a critical component of global agriculture,the dairy industry is essential for the food security and economic development.In China,the dairy sector in plateau regions plays an important role in addressing the nutritional needs of residents,boosting farmers' incomes,and fostering re-gional economic growth.However,the harsh high-altitude conditions,such as low oxygen,low at-mospheric pressure,and severe climate,pose significant challenges to the health and survival of dairy cows.This article summarizes the changes in physiological characteristics,metabolic perform-ance,production performance,and health status of dairy under high altitude areas,providing in-sights for the identification of adaptive traits in dairy to plateau.Also,the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind these phenotypic adaptations are discussed,and future directions and strategies for enhancing adaptability of dairy of dairy n plateau regions are outlined,thereby guiding re-searchers in adaptation evolution and breeding of dairy cattle.

Pulmonary artery thrombectomy is an important method for treatment of acute pulmonary embolism(PE),and its successful implementation relies on the close collaboration of a multidisciplinary team.This article explores the indications,surgical strategies and key links of multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)for pulmonary artery thrombectomy through the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with acute pulmonary embolism.The patient sought medical attention due to wheezing and was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism through imaging,with a risk stratification of medium to high risk.With the collaboration of multiple disciplines including respiratory medicine department,cardiology department,cardiac surgery department,radiology department and ultrasound department,percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was successfully performed.After the surgery,the patient's blood flow was restored,symptoms were significantly relieved,and no serious complications occurred.This article aims to provide a reference framework for MDT in pulmonary artery thrombectomy for clinical doctors,optimize the treatment process for patients with pulmonary embolism,and provide reference for case selection and diagnosis and treatment strategies of thrombectomy treatment of pulmonary embolism.

Objective To determine the expression of OMA1 gene in human lung cancer cells A549.To study its effects on cell proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis of human lung cancer cell A549 and to explore its action mechanism.Methods The gene and protein expression of OMA1 in human lung cancer cells and normal lung epithelial cells was detected.After Calu-3 cells with the highest expression of OMA1 were transfected with OMA1 gene interfering lentivirus(shOMA1)and A549 cells with the lowest expression of OMA1 were transfected with OMA1 gene overexpression lentivirus(oeOMA1),proliferation,mi-gration,invasion,apoptosis rate,and mRNA and protein expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in each group were deter-mined.Results The gene and protein expression of OMA1 in human lung cancer cells was increased significantly compared to that of normal epithelial cells.The gene and protein expression of OMA1 in Calu-3 cells was the highest,and in A549 cells was the lowest.After Calu-3 cells were transfected with shOMA1,the expression level of OMA1 gene and protein decreased signifi-cantly.The proliferative ability,migrative ability,and the number of invasive cells increased significantly.Cell apoptosis rate,mRNA and protein expression of PI3K/AKTsignaling pathway decreased significantly.After A549 cells were transfected with oeOMA1,the gene and protein expression of OMA1 increased significantly.The proliferative ability,migrative ability,and the number of invasive cells decreased significantly.The apoptosis rate,mRNA and protein expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased significantly.Conclusion The expression of OMA1 is low in lung cancer cells.OMA1 may inhibit the prolif-eration,migration,invasion and apoptosis of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of genes and proteins in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the pathological features of lung tissue in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and their association with inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for small lung nodule were prospectively included,and were divided into the normal group(n=10),the mild COPD group(n=50)and the moderate and severe COPD group(n=10).The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated after HE,Masson and EVG staining.The expression levels of SMA,Actin and CD31 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-10(IL-10)protein and mRNA levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR.Results Pulmonary tissue in mild COPD showed widening of alveolar septum,dilation of small airways,mild thickening of blood vessel wall and inflammatory reaction dominated by lymphocyte infiltration.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that contents of SMA and Actin proteins in mild COPD lung tissue were higher than those in the normal group(P＜0.05).In addition,the TNF-α mRNA and the positive rate of TNF-α in lung tissue of mild COPD were significantly higher than those in the normal group,while the IL-10 mRNA was significantly lower than that of the normal group(all P＜0.05).SMA and Actin were positively correlated with the positive expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α,but negatively correlated with the positive expression of IL-10(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The main pathological changes of lung tissue in mild COPD include small lung blood vessel remodeling ocharacterized by thickening of small blood vessel smooth muscle layer and lymphocyte-dominated inflammatory response,while the increase of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and decrease of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 are associated with pathological changes of COPD.

Objective:To investigate the value of atropine administration before tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in the elderly patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)biopsy.Methods:This was a case-control study.A total of 87 elderly hospitalized patients receiving chest enhanced CT test suggesting the risk of lung cancer with enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes in 7 regions were scheduled to undergo endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)biopsy under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into two groups by flipping a coin: the atropine group(n=40)and the control group(n=47). The indicators for evaluating the application values of atropine included preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), heart rate, oropharyngeal and airway secretion volume, oxygen saturation, operation time, positive diagnosis rate and postoperative adverse reactions.Results:SBP and DBP were lower in the atropine group than in the control group before endotracheal intubation(131.7±15.3 mmHg vs.140.7±13.7 mmHg, 79.1±7.6 mmHg vs.85.6±7.4 mmHg, t=2.885 and 4.061, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SBP and DBP 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation between the atropine group versus the control group(SBP: 109.1±11.2 mmHg vs.105.0±12.2 mmHg, 136.9±23.0 mmHg vs.129.9±11.2 mmHg, DBP: 66.9±7.5 mmHg vs.68.0±8.3 mmHg, 77.6±10.9 mmHg vs.78.5±6.4 mmHg, t=-1.617, 0.687, -1.751 and 0.448, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in HR between the two groups before endotracheal intubation( t=1.416, P>0.05), while HR was higher in the atropine group than in the control group 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=-3.323 and -2.181, P<0.01 and P<0.05). The change rates of SBP and DBP were lower in the atropine group than in the control group 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=7.947, -6.962, -3.187 and -3.232, P<0.01). The change rate of HR was lower in the atropine group 10 min after endoscopic operation and was higher 10 min after tracheal extubation than in the control group( t=-6.467 and -4.131, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the volume of oropharyngeal and airway secretions and fingertip oxygen saturation between the two groups before endotracheal intubation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=-2.334, 2.759, -3.314 and -2.767, P<0.01). The endoscopic operation time was less in the atropine group than in the control group with no statistically significant difference[(25.9±5.7)min vs.(26.4±4.7)min, t=0.391, P>0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the atropine group versus the control group(34 patients or 85.0% vs.43 patients or 91.5%, χ2=1.247, P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of atropine before tracheal intubation under general anesthesia is beneficial to stabilizing the intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate, and can reduce the production of postoperative oropharyngeal and airway secretions in elderly patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy.

Objective To observe the pathological change of visceral pleura in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to discuss the relationship between the changes and COPD airflow limitation. Methods A total of 70 patients received the pulmonary lobectomy or partial resection because of lung tumor in Tianjin Chest Hospital from May 2014 to August 2015 were selected in this study. According to the results of pulmonary function test, the patients were divided into COPD group [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%,n=40] and control group (FEV1/FVC≥70%,n=30). The lung tissues, which was not the lesion areas, were used to make tissue sections. The Elastica Van Gieson (EVG) method was used to stain the sections. The thickness of visceral pleural and the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural were observed and calculated under a microscope in the two groups. Results The specimens were derived from upper and middle lobes in 22 cases of COPD group, and from lower lobe in 18 cases. Specimens were derived from upper and middle lobes in 17 cases of control group, and from lower lobe in 13 cases. There were no statistical differences in sampling sites between two groups (χ2=0.019,P>0.05). The visceral pleural thickness and the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural were significantly thinner in COPD group than those of control group ( P<0.01). In both COPD group and control group, visceral pleural thickness was significantly thinner in upper and middle lobes than that of lower lobe (P<0.05), but the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural of upper, middle lobes showed no statistical difference compared with that of the lower lobe (P>0.05). Conclusion The thinner visceral pleural and the reduction of elastic fibers in visceral pleural are one of the causes of expiratory airflow limitation in COPD patients.

Objective To explore the association of mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)in elderly patients and its clinical value for the short-term prognosis. Methods A total of 52 patients with AECOPD who had been hospitalized during the period of April 2014 to April 2015 were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Levels of mean platelet volume (MVP),C-reactive protein,complete blood count,D-dimer,fibrinogen,percent-of-predicted FEV1 and percent-of-predicted FEV1/FVC were measured at admission(acute exacerbation)and after 3 months(stable period). Fifty-two age-and sex-matched healthy individuals constituted the control group. Pearson′s correlation was used to analyze the association of MPV with WBC,NLR,CRP,DD,FIB,FEV1%,and FEV1/FVC%. Results In AECOPD,as compared with stable COPD and the control group,levels of WBC,NLR,D-dimer,fibrinogen and CRP elevated;FEV1,FVC,percent-of-predicted FEV1 and percent-of-predicted FEV1/FVC declined;and MPV level decreased obviously. As a cut-off point of MVP level of<8.35fl for predicting AECOPD,it showed a sensitivity of 84.6%and a specificity of 86.5%. A decreased MVP level was significantly correlated with an increased in white blood cell count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,D-dimer,fibrinogen and C-reactive protein level(P=0.01,0.02,0.01,0.02,and 0.01 respectively). Conclusions Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio may be inflammatory markers inAE COPD,and measurement of mean platelet volume level may be useful for identifying elderly patients at increased risks for acute exacerbation.

Objective To analyze rick factors for postoperative recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax surgery. Methods The clinic characteristics of 1128 patients who received spontaneous pneumothorax surgery in Tianjin Chest Hospital were collected from January 2009 to March 2015. The relationship between clinic characteristics and the pulmonary bullae was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors affecting the postoperative relapse of spontaneous pneumothorax. Results The pulmonary bullae were found in 877 patients of 1128 during the operation. The incidence of pulmonary bullae was significantly high in patients with age below 25 years compared with patients over 25 years (P<0.05). The duration of surgery was significantly longer in patients with pulmonary bullae compared with that of patients without pulmonary bullae (P<0.05). Postoperative recurrence occurred in 21 cases, with a recurrence rate of 1.86%. Logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary bullae, pleurodesis without pleura friction, delayed drainage duration (> 3 d) were independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence for spontaneous pneumothorax (P<0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary bullae, pleurodesis without pleura friction and delayed drainage duration are risk factors of postoperative recurrence for spontaneous pneumothorax, which should be paid more attention in clinic.