Objective To study the purification, concentration and drying technology of Fushubao gel. Methods The purification technology of Fushubao gel was optimizing by the total retention rate of Rhein, emodin, physcion and purity of content. The concentration, drying technology of Fushubao gel was optimized by the transfering rate of Rhein, emodin, physcion and Berberine hydrochloride. Results Best refining technology included in the condition of the water extract of 0.2 g/ml at 70 ℃, the ZTC1+1-II clarifying agent B 0.6 ml/g was mixed10 min in a 70 ℃ water bath thermal insulation 30 min; And then agent A 0.3 ml/g was added and mixed 10 min in a 70 water bath thermal insulation 30 min; after 12 h, filter it. Best thickening, drying technology was in the vacuum for -0.08~-0.09 MPa, a temperature of 60 ℃, the pressure was reduced to concentrate its relative density about 1.05 and concentrated liquid spray was dryed. Conclusions The purification, concentration and drying technology of Fushubao gel is reasonable, and can be used in the production.

Objective To explore the correlation between menarche age and metabolisyndrome (MS) in natural menopause women .MethodThree thousand two hundred and founatural menopausal women aged 45-64 yearold were selected from 7 ad-ministrative villagein Taixing areand performed the questionnaire investigation ,physical measurementand biochemical test. The respondentwere divided into differengroupof lesthan 14 yearold ,15-16 yearold and more than 17 yearold according to the menarche age .The Mdiagnostistandard by the International DiabeteFederation (IDF ,2005) and the modified diagnostistandard based on the Asian by the third treatmenreporof the national cholesterol education program adultreatmengroup (NCEP ATPⅢ ,2005) were adopted and the Logistiregression analysiwaused foanalyzing the correlation between menarche age and M.ResultThe Mcrude prevalence rate in thigroup wa35 .39% (IDF ,2005) and 20 .57% (NCEP ATP Ⅲ ,2005);the Logistiregression analysishowed thathe conclusion by the two kindof Mdiagnostistandard waconsisten,I .e .earliemenarche age (lesthan 14 yearold) increased the Moccurrence[aftemultivariable adjusting OR=1 .41(1 .10-1 .82) and 1 .55 (1 .16-2 .08)] ,in addition ,earliemenarche age also significantly increased the central obesity risk in women ,while latemenarche age (＞16 yearold) had no correlation with M.Conclusion The earliemenarche age irisk factoof M.So the health publici-ty and education ,prevention and control on the menopausal women with earliemenarche age should be strengthened .

Objective To investigate the efficacy of treatment and prevention of VitE on vacuous chewing move-ments (VCMs) of haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) rats and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic fac-tor ( BDNF) and total antioxidant capacity ( TAC) , and to explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into TD, P-Vit E, T-Vit E and control group (n=8), receiving to-week treatment with Haloperidol (Hal)+NS, Hal+Vit E (medicated at the baseline), Hal+VitE (medicated at the fifth week) or normal saline (NS), respectively.VCM was evaluated at each week.ELISA and spectrophotometer were used to detect the serum levels of BDNF and TAC, respectively.Results The VCM score of both TD group and T-Vit E group increased at the 2nd weekend, reached the peak at the 5th weekend.VCM score of T-Vit E group declined gradually at the 6th weekend and was significantly lower than that in the TD group [(6.5 ±3.3) vs.(27.9 ±5.8), P<0.001] but was not significantly different from the control group (3.5 ±1.9) (P>0.05) at the 10th weekend.There was no significant difference in VCM score between P-Vit E group and control group for ten weeks(P>0.05).At the 10th weekend, serum BDNF [(6.9 ±1.0) pg/mL] and TAC [(11.9 ±3.2) U/mL] levels of TD group were significantly lower than those of the controls [BDNF (8.6 ±2.5) pg/mL, TAC (18.2 ±5.5) U/mL] and T-Vit E group [BDNF (8.7 ±2.0) pg/mL, (18.6 ±5.9) U/mL] (P<0.01).However, there was no significant difference in the BDNF and TAC levels between TD and P-Vit E groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Vit E may relieve and prevent VCM in TD model rats though alleviation of free radical damage.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of pathological diagnosis by using ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle core biopsy (PNCB) for cervical lymph lesions.MethodsTwo hundred and ten patients with cervical lymph lesions underwent ultrasound-guided PNCB,and pathological diagnosis were made based on core biopsy material.The results of study were concluded by comparing the pathological diagnosis from core biopsy of the lymph nodes with those from excision biopsy. Results There were 210 patients underwent ultrasound- guided PNCB,98.6％ (207/210) cases of core biopsies yielded adequate material at first time and 92.9％ (195/210) cases of those had pathologic diagnosis.The accuracy of ultrasound-guided PNCB in differentiating benign from malignant lymphadenopathy was 99.4％ ( 194/195 ).The diagnostic accuracy of metastatic tumor and lymphoma by ultrasound-guided PNCB was 96.4％ (135/140) and 86.1％ (31/36),respectively.Only 67.7％ (21/31) patients with lymphoma could be classified by ultrasound-guided PNCB.ConclusionUltrasound-guided PNCB in patients with neck lymph lesions is a safe,convenient and quick procedure that has a high diagnosis accuracy.Ultrasound-guided PNCB can replace the open surgery for neck lymph node diagnostic method.Due to the complicated and diverse pathologic performance,lymphoma should be cut by open surgery to confirm the diagnosis and classification.

Objective:To investigate the roles of S100B protein and anti-brain antibody (ABAb) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by analyzing the changes of the serum levels of S100B and ABAb and the relationships of the measures with cognition deficits in patients with AD.Methods:In this study,32 patients with AD(AD group) and 40 age-matched volunteers without cognitive impairment(control group) were enrolled.The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ).The mental and social functional conditions were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL),the cognitive function of patients was evaluated with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-Cog).The serum S100B proteinand ABAb levels were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).Results:The serum S100B protein[(0.66 ± 0.17) μg/L vs.(0.30 ± 0.04)μg/L] and ABAb [(1.93 ± 0.95) U/L vs.(1.31 ± 0.25) U/L] levels were higher in AD patients than in the controls (Ps ＜ 0.01).In AD patients,the serum S 100B protein markedly negatively correlated with the scores of the MMSE(r =-0.66),while positively correlated with ADL and ADAS-Cog(r =0.57,r =0.53)(Ps ＜ 0.005).ABAb levels negatively correlated with the scores of the MMSE(r =-0.57),while positively correlated with ADL and ADAS-Cog(r =0.52,r =0.34)(Ps ＜0.05).The serum S100B protein levels were positively related to ABAb levels in AD group(r =0.51.P ＜0.005),but not in control group(r =0.076,P =0.654).Conclusions:It suggests that the serum levels of S100B protein and ABAb are related with cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease,and S100B protein and ABAb might play key roles in mechanism of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of piatelet activity in patients with chronic cor Dulmonale.Methods PAC-1 and CD62p was measured with flow cytometry in whole blood samples from 40 patients and 30 normal controls.The pulmonary arterial pressure was detected through Doppler echocardiography.The arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the carbon dioxide were also analyzed.Results PAC-1 and CD62p increased significantiy (P<0.01).Conclusion Platelet activity is positively related to pulmonary artrial systolic pressure,CO2 partial pressure,and negatively related to O2 partial pressure.

OBJECTIVETo establish the analytical method for the fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei by MEKC-DAD and compare the fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed products.

METHODBased on the mode of micellar electrokinetic chromatography, 25 mmol x L(-1) borax -25 mmol x L(-1) SDS-10% acetonitrile was selected for the running buffer (pH 9.2). The separation voltage was 12 kV and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Rhein was used as a reference standard, the chromatographic fingerprint was determined via the data analyzed by fuzzy cluster and fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity of samples.

RESULTMEKC-DAD fingerprints with 11 common peaks of 10 batches of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei from the place of the genuine were established preliminarily. It was discovered that a small number of samples differed from others. Regarding to the fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed products, there were obvious differences in the relative areas of common peaks.

CONCLUSIONThe method is reliable, accurate and can be used for quality control of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of Zinc gluconate and citric acid in Shanpu-Jianpi granule. Methods:The air-acetylene was selected as flame type, the detection wavelength was 213.9 nm, the gas flow rate was 0.9 L/min, the burner height was 7.2 mm, and deuterium lamp was used as background correction. The width of passband was 1.0 nm. Titration, sodium hydroxide was used to determine the citric acid with phenolphthalein as an indicator.Results:The content of Zinc Meletin, exhibited good linearity ( r=0.999 8) among the ranges of 0.1-2.0 μg/ml and the average recovery was 94.06% ( RSD=1.67%). The average recovery of citric acid was 94.65% ( RSD=0.91%). Conclusions:The method is simple, accurate and high sensitivity which can be used for determination of Zinc gluconate and citric acid in Shanpu-Jianpi granule.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS PubMed， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， Embase and CNKI databases were searched from the inception to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials about glucokinase activators versus placebo （or other oral hypoglycemic agents） in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were included， data were extracted and meta-analysis was analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 9 studies with 215 0 patients were included. In terms of hypoglycemic effect， compared with control group， glucokinase activators significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） [MD＝－0.40， 95%CI（－0.53， －0.26）， P＜0.000 01]， fasting blood glucose[MD＝－0.53， 95%CI（－0.85， －0.20）， P＝0.001] and 2 h postprandial blood glucose [MD＝－2.28， 95%CI（－2.68， －1.88）， P＜0.000 01] in diabetic patients. In terms of safety， the incidence of hypoglycemia caused by glucokinase activators was higher than control group on the whole [RR＝1.55， 95%CI（1.20，2.01）， P＝ 0.000 8]. According to the subgroup analysis of organs activated by glucokinase activator， the incidence of hypoglycemia in the pancreas-liver dual activator group [RR＝1.44， 95%CI（1.11，1.89）， P＝0.007] and liver-selective activator group [RR＝2.26， 95%CI（1.02，5.03）， P＝0.05] was higher than that in the control group， the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Glucokinase activators can effectively reduce HbA1c， fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes， but the risk of hypoglycemia remains to be addressed.

Objective: Comparison of effects of Zingiberis Rhizoma and Aristolochia manshuriensis on diuretic effect and acute renal injury in rats by combining two methods of co-decoction and mixed-decoction. The effects of in vitro observation on normal human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were observed. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank group, positive control group, aristolochia manshuriensis group, combined decoction group and divided decoction group, 8 rats in each group. The water-loading rat model was established by intragastric administration of normal saline. The urine of rats was collected and the volumes of urine were measured for 24 hours after the corresponding drugs were given to each group. After 2 weeks of gavage of the corresponding drugs in each group, the serum BUN, SCr and urine UCr and PRO levels were measured by 7600P automatic biochemical analyzer, and renal histopathology were observed by HE staining. The HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, Aristolochia manshuriensis group, mixed decoction group and sub-decoction group. After 24 hour intervention, the activity of cells was detected by CCK-8 method and the apoptosis was observed by Hoechst stain method. Results: There was no significant difference in 24 hour urine output between the groups (P>0.05). Compared with Aristolochia manshuriensis group, the kidney coefficient (0.010 1 ± 0.005 8 vs. 0.013 3 ± 0.007 8), SCr (38.52 ± 0.58 μmol/L vs. 46.61 ± 0.72 μmol/L), BUN (8.55 ± 0.12 mmol/L vs. 10.21 ± 0.30 mmol/L), UCr (52.21 ± 0.89 μmol/L vs. 57.71 ± 0.67 μmol/L), PRO (29.89 ± 0.18 mg/L vs. 34.23 ± 6.05 mg/L) of combined decoction group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The survival rate of HK-2 cells (72.45% ± 3.70% vs. 55.92% ± 8.39%) in combined decoction group significantly increased (P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate (7.9% ± 2.6% vs. 31.6% ± 9.1%) significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions The traditional co-decoction method of Aristolochia manshuriensis compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma can achieve a certain attenuation effect, and the mixed-decoction group can not achieve the attenuating effec.