Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cysteamine ; Female ; Goats ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; growth & development ; physiology

Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of intranasal administration. Compared with the other administration routes, intranasal administration has the benefits of fast absorption, high bioavailability, high brain-targeting and non-invasive. In the past few years we take "Xingnaojing" and "Tongqiao Sanyu formula" as model drug and studied pharmacokinetics of effective components of different polarities. MDCK/MDCK-MDR1 cells were used to simulate blood brain barrier to study the permeate behaviors of different drug and the mechanism of enhancing effects of aromatic medicine. Then a microemulsion (modified by mPEG2000-PLA) was prepared for intranasal administration, and the pharmacokinetics and investigated tissue distribution were studied by fluorescence imaging. The irritation of the drug and different preparations were studied on human nasal epithelial cell (HNEC) cell and living animals. In this paper, we reviewed the achievements and hope that it can provide constructive suggestions for the future research.
Administration, Intranasal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the Chinese Medical Equipment Journal's articles and authors as well as their spatial & temporal distribution,and then put forward some advices for the development of the journal.Methods 4 434 articles of the journal from 2002 to 2008 were sampled for bibliometrics analysis from the aspects of column,author,region,organization,publishing delay and foundation support.Results With an abundant manuscript source mostly from the developed areas such as Beijing,Guangdong Province,Shandong Province and Tianjin,the journal set its columns reasonably and flexibly,and thus gifted with a short publishing delay.The coauthor degree and cooperation rate were less than the journals in other fields,and the number of foundation-supported articles,also less than others,but was increasing yearly.Conclusion Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,with a high-quality manuscript source and great influence in the field,can be considered as a platform for communication and academic achievements publishing.

Objective To understand the relationship between GATA -4,-5,-6 gene mutations and con-genital heart disease(CHD),and to provide grounds for early prevention and genetic counseling of children with CHD. Methods GATA -4,-5,-6 coding regions exons and the flanking intron sequences in 1 98 CHD patients were screened,including 66 cases of the ventricular septal defects,84 cases of the atrial septal defects,and 48 cases of the nonsyndromic conotruncal heart defects patients.A total of 300 healthy subjects were selected as controls.The acquired sequences were aligned with which those publicized in GenBank by the aid of program BLAST.All exons and bilateral partial intron -exon boundaries of GATA -4,-5,-6 genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were purified and directly sequenced by automatic DNA sequence equipment.The acquired GATA -4,-5,-6 gene sequences were compared with GenBank standard gene sequences with the aid of program BLAST. Results A heterozygous missense mutation in the GATA -4 gene was identified in a ventricular septal defect patient and a persistent truncus arteriosus patient.The mutation was located in c.799G >A(p.V267M)in exon 4 of GATA -4. Multiple aligenment of GATA -4 proteins across species demonstrated that altered amino acid was highly conserved. Transcription factor GATA -5,-6 screening showed no mutations in children with CHD in this study.Conclusions Transcription factor GATA -4 gene mutation may be associated with the occurrence of CHD.Transcription factor GATA -4 gene may be susceptible gene in human CHD.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2) is a member of intracellular pattern recognition receptor. After being activated, it will induce the release of inflammatory factors through a series of signal cascade transduction, thus playing an important role in the innate immune response. The abnormal NOD2 signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, especially the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOD2 gene have been identified to be closely associated with autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). Therefore, inhibitors targeting NOD2 pathway have great potential in the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases. This review presents the recent progress of NOD2 receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and its regulation mechanisms, the relationship between NOD2 and AIDs, and the inhibitors of NOD2 pathway.

Objective To carry out a taxonomic identification of a strain of claviform bacteria iso-lated from prostatic fluid of a patient who suffered from chronic prostatitis, and to approach its phylogenic and biologic position. Methods We undertaked an initial identification by phenotypic characters such as morphologecal, physiological and biochemical characteristics to ascertain its phylogeny by chemical composi-tion analysis of cell wall and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and alignment. Results A club-shaped gram posi-tive rod bacillus was isolated in pure culture state. Its biochemical reactions were not active. The diamino-acid of cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) and it had wall chemotype Ⅳ ( contained arabi-nose, galactose and maltose ). Sequence searches of the GenBank database revealed that this strain had a highest level of 16S rDNA sequence similarity (99.4%) to C. tuberculostearicurn strain ATCC35692 with only 8 nucleotides difference. Conclusion On the basis of phenotypic and phylngenetie analysis, it is rea-sonable to assign this strain to the species C. tuberculostearicum, and this is the first isolation of C. tubercu-lostearicum from prostatic fluid home and abroad.

OBJECTIVE: To establish Caco-2 (a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) cell monolayer model and the standard operation procedure for studying and assessing intestinal absorption of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Caco-2 cell monolayer model was established and evaluated by morphology feature using scanning electron microscope, inverted microscope and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. Additionally, the model was further tested for the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the apparent permeability (Papp) of standard compounds, i.e. propranolol and atenolol, which were the control substances for high and poor transcellular transport marker, respectively. RESULTS: The integrality of cell monolayer, cell differentiation (reflected by expression of alkaline phosphatase and cell monolayer morphology), and the Papp value of standard compounds in the established Caco-2 cell model were satisfactory. All parameters tested were in good agreement with those reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: The established Caco-2 cell model can be used to study the intestinal absorption of orally administrated chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine and their absorption mechanism.

AIM : To construct and analyze eukaryotic expression plasmid inserted by Cx50 with V64G mutation through bioinformatics software.METHODS: The full coding domain sequence of Cx50 with V64G mutation was acquired from the blood of patients with cataract and was cloned into pcDNA3.1 /Amp (+).The constructed plasmid was identified with PCR , enzyme digestion and sequencing. The analysis of Cx50 with V64G mutation was performed with bioinformatics software.RESULTS : Cx50 with V64G mutation was successfully amplified and its eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed. Valine-64 is well conserved in the first extracellular loop of connexin 50 in different species and also in different human α -type gap junctional proteins.CONCLUSION : The successive reconstruction and verification of eukaryotic expression plasmid containing Cx50 with V64G mutation established the foundation for further studying the mechanism of cataract.

Purpose To detect the expressions of stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) and estrogen receptor-α(ER-α) in papil-lary thyroid carcinoma and to analyse the relationship between STIP1 and ER-α. Methods 54 cases of paraffin-embedded tissues of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 18 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, 15 cases of Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis, 10 cases of adjacent normal thyroid tissue were collected. The expressions of STIP1 and ER-αwere detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma was analyzed. Results The expression of STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid cancer group ( 55. 6% and 44. 4%) were higher than that of normal thyroid group (10% and 0) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis group (8. 3% and 0, all P<0. 05). STIP1 expressions was related to lymph node metastasis ( P<0. 05 ) , while ER-α expression was related to gender, TG-Ab and the merger of nodular goiter, but not related to lymph node metastasis (P>0. 05). The expressions of STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid carcinoma were not related to patients’ age , tumor location, number of tumors, tumer size, invasion of capsule, the concomitant Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis and TPO-Ab ( all P>0. 05). And the expressions of STIP1 was not related to gender, TG-Ab and the merger of nodular goiter (all P>0. 05). A positive correlation was found between the expressions of STIP1 and ER-αin thyroid papillary carcinoma (P<0. 05). Conclusion STIP1 and ER-α in papillary thyroid carcinoma may be related with lymph node metastasis.

In order to investigate the characteristics of transdermal delivery of ferulic acid under the treated of microneedle arrays and the influence on permeability of rat skin capillaries, improved Franz-cells were used in the transdermal delivery experiment with the rat skin of abdominal wall and the length of microneedle arrays, different insertion forces, retention time were studied in the influence of characteristics of transdermal delivery of FA. The amount of FA was determined by HPLC system. Intravenous injection Evans blue and FA was added after microneedle arrays treated. Established inflammation model was built by daubing dimethylbenzene. The amount of Evans blue in the rat skin was read at 590 nm wavelength with a Multiskan Go microplate reader. Compared with passive diffusion group the skin pretreated with microneedle arrays had a remarkable enhancement of FA transport (P <0.01). The accumulation of FA increased with the enhancement of insertion force as to as the increase of retention time. Microneedle arrays with different length had a remarkable enhancement of FA transport, but was not related to the increase of the length. The research of FA on the reduce of permeability of rat skin capillaries indicated that the skin pretreated with microneedle arrays could reduce the content of Evans blue in the skins of rat significantly compared with the untreated group. The permeation rate of ferulic acid transdermal delivery had remarkable increase under the treated of microneedle arrays and the length of microneedle arrays ,the retention time so as to the insertion force were important to the transdermal delivery of ferulic acid.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Needles ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Absorption