Objective:To study the effects of adhesive peptide arginlie-glycine-aspartic acid(RGD) on the attachment and spreading of osteoblast on the surface of dental implant materials. Methods: RGDC peptides were covalently immobilized on the surface of dental implant materials by SAMs. Rat osteoblasts were isolated and cultured on the materials. The attachment and spreading behavior of the cells were analyzed by cell counting and FITC-conjugated immunofluorsescent assay. Results: On the RGD coated surface, cell attachment was increased by 50% (P

School violence is a hot and difficult issue around the world.The frequem school violence imposes a great threat on the campus security.School violence not only severely affects the physical and mental health of juvenile students,but also disturbs the harmony and stability of the whole society.Firstly,this paper reviewed the concept of school violence.Then,it summarized the research progress in domestic and overseas area,and expounded a new trend of school violence.Finally,this paper showcases the prevention strategies from school violence,in order to provide a new perspective to promoting the research and effective governance on school violence in our country.

Objective To explore the growing development and community succession of main sarcos-aphagous insects on pig carcasses in summer indoor and outdoor environment in Shenzhen area and to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). Methods From early May to August in 2013, in Forensic Med-ical Examination Center of Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, the main insect species and the decomposi-tion process were observed in two adult pig carcasses of simulative indoor and outdoor environment. The different decomposition stages and the community succession of insects were recorded. Results The indoor and outdoor pig carcasses showed skeleton 412.5 and 325 hours after death, respectively. The main species of flies on pig carcasses were Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya rufifacies and Chrysomya chani. The main species of beetles were Crecphilus maxillosus, Necrobia ruficollis, Saprinus splendens and Dermestes maculatu. The dominant species of flies in the outdoor pig carcasses obviously produced the second generations due to the effect of mass rainfall, nor in the indoor pig carcasses. Conclusion There are regular patterns on the community succession of insects on pig carcasses in summer indoor and out-door environment in Shenzhen area. The activity patterns of seven typical insects and their larva show important value for estimating PMI.

Objective To study the clinical features and therapeutic method of severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia.Methods The electrolyte and central venous pressure were examined on 45 cases of severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia every day.According to plasma sodium value and central venous pressure,we regulated treatment perscription daily.Results 45 patients occured hyponatremia in total 288 of severe cerebral injured patients.Hyponatremia was detected 5～13 days after operation or after injure.The morbility is usually the highest in the seventh day.Plasma sodium recovered to normal value in 14 days after operation.Conclusion Severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible,then it will receive better prognosis.

Objective To establish an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)model with endo- cerebrovascular peroration.Method The right external carotid artery of SD rats were isolated,leaving a stump of approximately 3 to 4 mm.A-3-O monofilament nylon suture was inserted up through the stump of external carotid artery to the internal carotid artery for about 18～19 mm.A small resistance was usually felt,and the suture was then advanced 2 mm further and the suture was immediately withdrawn.Two hours or two days after SAH induction,SAH extension was observed.Two days after SAH induction,the diameter of the basilar artery was measured.Results SAH extends from the ipsilateral artery to the eontralateral artery after SAH induction.The diameters of basilar arteries in SAH animals were smaller than those of control rats,indicating the present of cerebrovascular spasm in SAH animals.Conclusions The endo-cerebrovascular perforation technique for establishing a non-craniotomy SAH model is reliable.

Objective:To investigate the current status of emotion regulation self-efficacy and self-esteem,to explore the influencing factors and the correlation among middle school students,thus to provide reference for mental health education to schools.Methods:A sample of 995 junior middle school students was selected from 2 middle schools in Yanta District,Xi'an City.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy Scale.Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software.Results:Both self-esteem (29.2 ± 4.7) and emotional regulation self-efficacy (44.1 ± 8.8) were at the medium level.The influence factors of self-esteem included academic performance,mother's education level,whether parents quarrel,and personality type (P ＜ 0.05),while the influencing factors of self-efficacy included academic performance,mother's education level,whether parents quarrel,and personality type,study and living type (P ＜0.05).Self-esteem and emotion regulation self-efficacy was positively correlated (r =0.412,P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The overall level of self-esteem and emotion regulation self-efficacy of middle school students is not high.Academic performance,mother's educational level,whether parents quarrel,personality type affect self-esteem and emotion regulation self-efficacy at the same time,which should not been ignored in mental health education.

Objective To detect the changes of microbial community functional diversity of corpses with different postmortem interval(PMI)and to evaluate forensic application value for estimating PMI. Methods The cultivation of microbial community from the anal swabs of aSusscrofaand a human corpse placed in field environment from 0 to 240 h after death was performed using the Biolog-Eco Mi-croplate and the variations of the absorbance values were also monitored. Combined with the technology of forensic pathology and flies succession, the metabolic characteristics and changes of microbial commu-nity on the decomposed corpse under natural environment were also observed.Results The diversity of microbial metabolism function was found to be negatively correlated with the number of maggots in the corpses. The freezing processing had the greatest impact on average well color development value at 0 h and the impact almost disappeared after 48 h. The diversity of microbial metabolism of the samples be-came relatively unstable after 192 h. The principal component analysis showed that 31 carbon sources could be consolidated for 5 principal components(accumulative contribution ratio >90%). The carbon source tsquare-analysis showed thatN-acetyl-D-glucosamine andL-serine were the dominant carbon sources for estimating the PMI(0=240 h)of theSusscrofaand human corpse.Conclusion The Biolog-Eco method can be used to reveal the metabolic differences of the carbon resources utilization of the microbial community on the corpses during 0-240 h after death, which could provide a new basis for estimating the PMI.

One hundred and eighty three women with high risk of breast cancer identified in Baoding First Central Hospital from June 2007 to June 2014,were enrolled in the study.In these 183 cases,41 received preventive therapy (22.4％),142 did not.Factors associated with acceptance of chemoprevention included older age,menopause,comorbidities,lower level education,being married,higher BMI,having high level hyperplasia of ductal epthelia and counseling to breast specialists (P ＜ O.05);whilenot informed by doctors was the main reason for failed taking preventive agents(95.1％,135/142).Thirteen of 41 women receiving chemoprevention discontinued the therapy (31.7％);no-insurance,no side-effects and higher BMI were related to the discontinuing (P ＜ 0.05).The 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year adherence rates of chemoprevention was 86.1％ (31/36),65.4％ (17/26),59.1％ (13/22),8/13 and 5/10,respectively.The results show that chemoprevention rate is low among Chinese women at high risk of breast cancer,and the long-term adherence to preventive therapy is poor.Corresponding measures should be taken to strengthen the chemoprevention of breast cancer.

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a technology for fast qualitation, quantitative analysis and separation of single cells or other biological particles. The method is rapid, sensitive and accurate, and its objective and direct result can be analyzed with multi-parameters simultaneously. The morphological, biochemical and molecular changes during apoptosis include cellular shrinkage, permeability transition of plasma membrane, caspases activation, dissipation of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, phosphatidylserine redistribution, calcium flux and DNA fragmentation and content. The review outlined the methods to characterize, identify and quantify apoptoUc cells by flow cytometry to further determine cell apoptosis.

SHIV-CN97001 played an important role in assessing the immune effect and strategy of the AIDS vaccine which included genes of the predominant prevalent HIV-1 strain in China. In this study, SHIV-CN97001 was in vivo passaged serially to construct pathogenic SHIV-CN97001/rhesus macaques model. To identify variation in the gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during passage, the fragments of gp120 gene were amplified by RT-PCR from the plasma of SHIV-CN97001 infected animals at the peak viral load time point and the gene distances (divergence, diversity) were calculated using DISTANCE. The analysis revealed that the genetic distances of SHIV-CN97001 in the third passage animals were the highest during in vivo passage. It had a relationship between viral divergence from the founder strain and viral replication ability. The nucleic acid sequence of the V3 region was highly conservative. All of the SHIV-CN97001 strains had V3 loop central motif (GPGQ) and were predicted to be using CCR5 co-receptor on the basis of the critical amino acids within V3 loop. These results show that there was no significant increase in the genetic distance during serial passage, and SHIV-CN97001 gp120 gene evolved toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host. This could partly explain why there was no pathogenic viral strain obtained during in vivo passage.