Objective: To improve the present method for casualty forecasting using the risk analysis theory. Methods: Empirical data were extracted from 11 urban aggressive combats during and after WW II, and the distribution of daily casualty was determined. Based on quantitative judgment model, several factors such as the number of soldiers, terrain, weather, general situation, suddenness, and combat efficacy were configured; Monte Carlo simulation was applied for simulation,and a forecasting model was setup with Microsoft Excel and Crystal Ball 2000 software for risk analysis of the simulation outcome. Results: The distribution of daily casualty during urban aggressive military action could be represented by normal distribution. With the values of the aforementioned factors, the result of 1000 tests showed that the mean daily casualty rate was 0. 42%, with the standard deviation being 0. 21%. Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation is an effective means to improve the present casualty forecasting method.

Objective To compare the BIS values in patients under anesthesia with minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol at loss of consciousness.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-60 yr,undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia,were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups:inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane group (group Sev) and intravenous anesthesia with propofol ( group Pro).The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was monitored using Aestiva anesthesia machine (Datex Ohmeda) in group Sev.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,rocuronium 1 mg/kg,and remifentanil 0.2 μg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubafion.Sevoflurane inhalation was started 12.5 min after intubation in group Sev.Propofol was given by target-controlled infusion with the target plasma concentration set at 3.8 μg/ml 12.5 min after intubation in group Pro.When the effect-site concentrations of propofol reached EC50 of propofol at loss of consciousness (2.2 μg/ml),1.3 EC50(2.86 μg/ml) and 1.5 EC50 (3.3μg/ml) and when the end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane reached 1.0,1.3 and 1.5 MAC,BIS value,MAP and HR were recorded.Results HR was significantly higher at 1.3 MAC or 1.3 EC50,and at 1.5 MAC or 1.5 EC50 in group Pro than in group Sev ( P ＜0.05).BIS value was significantly decreased at 1.3 MAC or 1.3 EC50,and at 1.5 MAC or 1.5 EC50 compared with that at 1.0 MAC or EC50(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MAP and BIS value at each time point between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion No significant change in BIS values is found in patients under anesthesia with 1.0,1.3 and 1.5 MAC of sevoflurane and with 1.0,1.3 and 1.5 EC50 of propofol.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Fritillaria pallidiflora. Methods: The constituents were isolated from F. pallidiflora and purified by column chromatography, and the structures were identified by spectra analysis and chemical methods. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated from F. pallidiflora, including phenolic acids, esters, alkaloids, and the structures were identified as 1,4-diphenylbutane (1), cis-cinnamic acid (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (3), acetovanillone (4), 9-octadecenoicacidmethylester (5), methyl ferulate (6), 1-O-feruloylglycerol (7), trans-isoferulic acid (8), syringaresinol (9), pinoresinol (10), 2,3-O-diferuloylglycerol (11), 1,3-O-diferuloyl-glycerol (12), cyclo (L-Pro-L-Ala) (13), cyclo (L-Leu-L-Val) (14), bis (diethylene glycol)phthalate (15), and cyclo-(Phe-Val) (16). Conclusion: All compounds are isolated from F. pallidiflora for the first time, and componds 1, 3-8, 10-13, 15, and 16 are isolated from the genus of Fritillaria for the first time.

Protein ubiquitin-like modification of Neddylation is an important post-translational modification mode of protein to widely regulate cell cycle, growth, development and other biological processes. Recent studies have found that MLN4924, small molecule inhibitor of Neddylation modification, has a significant anti-tumor effect, which can inhibit the tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. This paper reviews the related mechanism research of cell programmed death induced by Neddylation modification pathway inhibitor MLN4924.

Objective To observe the C-V curve of source point of 12 channels in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods 40 patients with lumbar disc herniation were examined with Cowital Human Meridian Diagnosing and Analyzing System, which can achieve quantitative analysis on C-V curve from the source points of 12 channels. The curves obtained before and after treatment were comparisd. Results The abnormal rates of source point on kidney and bladder meridians were more than those on the other meridians. The improving rates of source point on kidney and bladder meridians were better than those of the other meridians after treatment. Conclusion C-V curve observation can be used to diagnose, deduct and evaluate treatment for the lumbar disc herniation.

Objective To observe the effect of bifidobacterial lipoteichoic acid (BLTA) on cellular immunity of mice with systemic Candida albicans infection .Methods Systemic C .albicans infection model in immunocompromised mice were established by injecting standard strain of C .albicans via caudal vein .The effects of BLTA on thymus index ,spleen index ,splenic lymphocytes proliferation and NK cells cytotoxicity were observed as well as serum levels of cytokines .Results After systemic C .albicans infec‐tion in immunocompromised mice ,thymus index ,spleen index and splenic lymphocytes proliferation activity were decreased (P>0 .05) ,NK cells cytotoxicity was decreased significantly (P< 0 .05) ,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 and INF‐γ levels were increased slightly (P>0 .05) ,IL‐10 levels were increased significantly(P<0 .05) .After treated by BLTA ,thymus index ,spleen index ,splenic lymphocytes proliferation and NK cells cytotoxicity were increased significantly (P<0 .01) ,IL‐2 and INF‐γ levels were increased significantly (P<0 .05) ,IL‐4 levels showed little change ,IL‐10 levels were decreased significantly (P<0 .01) .Conclusion BLTA can improve immune status of immunocompromised mice ,which can restore and enhance the compromised cellular immunity of mice with sys‐temic C .albicans infection .

Abstract?AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of intravitreal Lucentis injection combined with panretinal photocoagulation ( PPR ) and compound trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .?METHODS:A total of 14 cases (14 eyes) with NVG were collected from January to November 2015.All cases were treated with intravitreal lucentis injection, PPR and compound trabeculectomy by turns.Intraocular pressure ( IOP) , visual acuity and the complications at pre-or post-surgery were recorded, respectively.?RESULTS: Followed up for 3-6mo, the average IOP preoperatively was significantly decreased than that detected at post-operation ( 18.00 ±6.70 vs 41.65 ± 4.07mmHg, t=11.288, P<0.05).IOP less than 21mmHg with or without the usage of anti-intraocular pressure drugs was defined as the sign of successful or effective surgery, respectively.At the ultimate follow-up, 11 cases were successful, 2 cases were effective, and the success rate was 79%, effective rate was 14%.Only 1 case was applied cyclocryotherapy due to the uncontrolled IOP. Moreover, the results of visual acuity detection demonstrated that 6 eyes got a better visual acuity, 7 eyes remained the same condition and 1 case got no light perception. Meanwhile, 13 cases showed none iris neovascularization during the follow-up; 1 case got a reappearance of iris neovascularization on the third month, which was then dissolved subjected to the intravitreal lucentis injection in combination with PPR. One case developed post -operative hyphema and absorbed after 1wk. No shallow anterior chamber and eyeball atrophy happened.?CONCLUSION:Intravitreal lucentis injection combined with PPR and compound trabeculectomy is an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NVG.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Suppuration ; diagnosis ; Tonsillitis ; diagnosis

Objective: To investigate the effect of protein ki nase C on signal transduction such as tyrosine phosphorylation, c-fos and c-ju n mRNA expression in antigen activated mast cells. Methods: RBL-2H3 cells either untreated or treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13 -acetate (PMA) were sensitized with anti-DNP IgE, and activated with DNP-BSA, histamine release and tyrosine phosphorylation were quantitatively measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of PKC on the ex pression of c-fos and c-jun in serum-deprived RBL-2H3 cells activated by DNP-BSA detected by ethidium staining of PCR-amplified cDNA, the amplified cDNA products were subjected to Southern blot hybridization using specific prob es to determine the veracity of amplification. Results: Tyr osine phosphorylation and histamine release were significantly reduced from (4.4 7±0.03)% to (2.79±0.07)% and (104.47±1.31) nmol/L to (60.75±1.38) nm ol/L, respectively, 45 min after DNP-BSA stimulation in sensitized cells pre treated with PMA for 48 h. Bands of the size predicted for the amplified cDNA we re obtained: 299 bp for c-fos, and 651 bp for c-jun, a decrease of 91% and 82% , respectively, for c-fos and c-jun mRNAs was observed in antigen stimulated c ells pretreated with PMA for 48 h. Conclusion: PKC plays an impo rtant role in modulating the tyrosine phosphorylation and histamine release resp onses and may upregulate the expression of c-fos and c-jun in antigen activate d mast cell.

Objective: To simultaneously determinate 4 effective components in Fructus Cannabis Bolus by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods: The column was ALLTIMA-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was methanol (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B) in gradient elution program. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was 30℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Results: The linear ranges of 4 effective components of emodin, chrysophanol, parietic acid, and magnolol were 9.05-81.26 μg (r=0.999 8), 13.28-119.3 μg (r=0.997 6), 8.30-75.40 μg (r=0.998 7), 6.30-61.79 μg (r=0.996 5), respectively; the average recoveries and RSDs of emodin, chrysophanol, parietic acid, and magnolol were 99.25%, 99.46%, 99.51%, 99.86%, respectively. The RSDs of emodin, chrysophanol, parietic acid, and magnolol were 2.04%, 3.23%, 1.84%, and 2.42%, respectively. Conclusions The HPLC can be used as an effective and feasible method for the determination of emodin, chrysophanol, parietic acid, and magnolol in Fructus Cannabis Bolus. The method is simple, quick, and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of Fructus Cannabis Bolus.