Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is one of the common complications of hospitalized patients and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide, which causes an exacerbation, prolonged hospitalization and increased medical costs. Because of higher illness severity and more invasive operations, patients in neurosurgical intensive critical unit (NICU) are more susceptible to HAI such as hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and surgical site infection (SSI), leading to theincrease of mortality. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of HAI is an important challenge during the treatment of diseases in NICU. In this paper, we summarized the common types, pathogenic characteristics, prevention measures and antimicrobial treatment of HAI in NICU, aiming to provide ideas and reference on HAI treatment for medical personnel in NICU.

Objective To explore the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment for the pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis. Methods From July 1999 to August 2003, 12 patients with pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis were involved, 7 males and 5 females, aging from 13 to 61 years, with an average of 36.6 years. The pain in the thoracolumbar area was early in the beginning, the temperature was above 39 ℃, and there was no redness and swelling, but the pain on deep pressure and percussion. The spinal movement was limited, but without any symptoms from compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina, and the sphincter function remained normal. The white cell count, ESR, X-ray and MR imaging were analyzed. Among 12 patients, the ESR above 60 mm/1 h in 10,28 mm/1 h and 50 mm/1 h in each 1 respectively. The white cell count of 2 patients increased (1.0?109/L). Transpedicular core biopsy was taken in 4 cases with doubtful diagnosis,the positive rates were 75%. The antibiotics was administrated intravenously for at least 6 weeks in hospital, then succeeded orally for about another 6 weeks. The ESR of 11 of patients decreased more than 50% after 1 month treatment. The conservative treatment was effective in 91.7% cases. Results 9 of 12 patients were available at final follow-up, the mean duration was 2 years and 2 months (ranged from 6 months to 4 years). Among these 9 patients, 7 patients were free of symptoms, 1 patient had slight back pain, 1 patient had chronic severe back pain who was operated because of the relapse after the conservative treatment. Among 7 patients who underwent MR imaging,2 still had destruction in their vertebra and disc. The extent of T1-weighted low signal decreased, while T2-weighted high signal was obvious, but they had no back pain. Conclusion ESR is a more sensitive index than the white cell count for the diagnosis of pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis. MR and pathologic examination are of important significance for the diagnosis of the disease. After the sequential intravenous and oral antibiotic treatment for 1 month, the decrease of ESR is hallmark of the success of conservative treatment, while the failed cases should be treated with surgery.

The aim of this study is to improve liposome encapsulation efficiency of water soluble drug ATP-2Na with hydrophobic ion pairing method, and evaluate its effect on tissues energy state in myocardial ischemia mice. Ion pair complex of ATP-2Na with HTAB was prepared first; then the liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method. The size and zeta potential of ATP-2Na liposome were investigated. Its effect on tissues energy state in myocardium ischemia mice was evaluated by detecting ATP-2Na concentration in tissues and blood after injection in comparison to ATP-2Na solution. The diameters and zeta potential of ATP-2Na liposomes were (144.0 +/- 2.7) nm and (+16.2 +/- 1.6) mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was (85.02 +/- 2.31) %. The in vitro drug release pattern from liposomes matches with Weibull equation. Compared with ATP-2Na solution, ATP-2Na liposome increased the ATP concentration of blood in myocardial ischemic mice very significantly; compared with blank, ATP-2Na liposome increased ATP content of myocardium and liver in myocaridal ischemic mice significantly, but ATP-2Na solution didn't show this effect. ATP-2Na liposome might have an advantage in improving tissue energy state on myocaridal ischemic animals.

OBJECTIVEDesign and make triple cannula dual-lumen vacuum extractor to improve effect of decompression in operation of intestinal obstruction.

METHODSTriple cannula dual-lumen vacuum extractor was applied in 32 patients who underwent operation of intestinal obstruction from 2012 to 2015 in our hospital. The effect of intestinal decompression and patient prognosis were observed.

RESULTS32 patients that used triple cannula dual-lumen vacuum extractor had good recovery except for one patient abdominal incision with fatty liquefaction. The other patients had one-stage healed without any complication such as intestinal fistula, abdominal infection etc.

CONCLUSIONApplication of triple cannula dual-lumen vacuum extractor in operation for intestinal decompression could avoid contamination of abdomen and injury of intestinal mucosa, which had satisfied effect of intestinal decompression and promoted the effect of operation for intestinal obstruction.

BACKGROUND:Skul repair materials cannot only restore the normal shape of the skul , but also play an important role in brain functional recovery. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research status of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), titanium al oy and tissue engineering technique in cranioplasty and the prospect of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. METHODS:Literatures related to skul repair materials were retrieved in databases of CNKI and PubMed published from 1995 to 2016, using the keywords of“bone regeneration material in calvarial, 3d printing bone scaffold”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Although titanium and PEEK have been used in clinic, titanium holds conductivity, thermal conductivity, while PEEK that may be displaced or lost is not involved in osseointegration. Tissue engineering technology participates in the skul tissue reconstruction, achieving satisfactory repair outcomes, but the problems of scaffold selection and preparation, seed cel obtainment, and growth factor release need to be overcomed. 3D printing technology can print personalized shape, fit the defect precisely, but the raw materials should have good biocompatibility and biomechanical property. Combination of tissue engineering technology with 3D printing technology shows a broad prospect in cranioplasty.

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cel s with self-proliferation and differentiation potential are the ideal seed cel s for central nervous tissue engineering. Although col agen and silk fibroin as biological scaffold materials have been widely used, both of them used alone have certain shortcomings. Is it possible to combine the two materials to build a novel neural tissue-engineered scaffold? What is the effect of this novel scaffold on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s? OBJECTIVE:To observe the growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s seeded onto the novel composite scaffold. METHODS:The rat embryonic neural stem cells were inoculated onto new composite scaffolds, and then, their growth and differentiation were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Neural stem cells were cultured in conventional suspension culture as control group. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect viability of neural stem cells in the two groups. Three-dimensional composite scaffolds carrying neural stem cells were slic ed into paraffin sections to observe the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Neural stem cel s cultured on the new composite scaffold grew and differentiated wel , and interconnected synapses were observed. Cel counting kit-8 assay showed that neural stem cel s on the scaffold grew wel , and the cel viability was significantly higher in the composite scaffold group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining of paraffin sections further provided evidence for good growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s on the scaffold. These results indicate that the novel composite scaffold with good biocompatibility benefits the growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s, promising a favorable application prospect.

Objective To study the effect of siRNA targeting survivin gene on the apoptosis of malignant melanoma cell line A375. Methods The eucaryotic expression vector of pU-survivin-siRNA was constructed and transfected into the A375 cells by electroporation. The protein expression of survivin was examined by Western blotting, and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results The transfection of pU-sur-vivin-siRNA significantly down-regulated survivin expression ( 0.24 ?0.02 in the transfected group versus 0.98 ?0.21 in the control group ) in A375 cells, and promoted cell apoptosis ( 83% in the transfected group versus 28% in the control group, P

A near infrared spectroscopy ( NIRS) method was used for rapid quality evaluation of ferulic acid content in chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ( Chuju) continuous cropping soil. Standard leverage, studentized residual and Mahalanobis distance were calculated to eliminate abnormal samples. After the initial near infrared spectrum was treated by two second derivative and Norris smoothing filter noise, 6000-4000 cm-1 wave number range and 7 factors were chosen for partial least squares ( PLS) calibration model. The results showed that good correlation was presented between the calibration set/validation set and the values determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the calibration correlation coefficient ( Rc ) and validation correlation coefficient ( Rcv ) were 0. 9914 and 0. 9935, respectively. Root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of validation (RMSEP) and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0. 484, 0. 539 and 0. 615, respectively. This method was accurate, reliable, simple, rapid and nondestructive, and could be applied to the fast analysis for ferulic acid in continuous cropping soil.

Objective To establish the electric controlled cortical impact (eCCI)-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in rats with different severity in degree,which may serve as a suitable platform to provide experimental evidence for the pathophysiological following TBI.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and sham group.TBI rats (n=10/group) were positioned beneath the controlled cortical impactor device (eCCI) and subjected to impact injury at 2 mm depth of penetration,for a sustained depression of 200 ms,at 4 m/s,5 m/s,6 m/s velocity for mild,moderate,and severe TBI,respectively.Sham-operated rats (n=10) underwent identical surgical procedures,including craniotomy,without receiving the cortical impact.Neurological function and regional cerebral flow (24 h after CCI),contusion volume,histopathological,and ultrastructural changes (48 h after CCI) were measured,respectively.Results The severity of the pathological changes in rats was increased as the injury aggravated.The eCCI device impacted the brain at 4 m/s,5 m/s,6 m/s velocity for mild,moderate,and severe TBI,respectively.TBI groups showed impaired neurological function,and decreased rCBF lower than that of sham-operated group (all P＜0.01).Furthermore,neuronal pathological abnormalities in TBI groups,including neuron shrinking,perineuronal vacuole,and structural abnormalities of mitochondria.Increased severity of injury was apparent following the increased level of the impacted velocity,and significant differences were observed between TBI groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The TBI animal model with mild,moderate,and severe brain injury can be established successfully by 4 m/s,5 m/s,and 6 m/s of impact velocity respectively with the eCCI-6.3 device.The novel eCCI-induced TBI model in rats possibly serves as a novel useful approach in the development of TBI models.

BACKGROUND:Col agen and silk fibroin materials for construction of spinal cord scaffolds have been proven to repair or partial y repair damaged spinal cord nerve function. OBJECTIVE:To introduce partial characteristics of the col agen and silk fibroin and to review the recent progress and application as scaffolds in spinal cord tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases (2003-01/2012-10) was performed for articles addressing the application of col agen and silk fibroin scaffolds in spinal cord injury with the keywords of“col agen, silk fibroin, scaffold, spinal cord injury”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Col agen has low antigenicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Col agen and its degradation products can cause no inflammatory reactions in the body, but have the disadvantages of rapid degradation and poor mechanical properties. Silk fibroin has good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties, but its degradation is slow. The col agen and silk fibroin are compounded using an electrostatic spinning technology to improve the physical properties of the material on the basis of maintaining good biocompatibility. At present, fibroin or col agen materials in terms of nervous system repair have been studied, laying some foundation for spinal cord tissue engineering. Considering the similar characteristics and mechanics performance to the spinal cord tissue, col agen/silk fibroin composite materials are expected to become the ideal scaffold materials for spinal cord tissue engineering.