OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the construction of Chinese pharmaceutical profession associations. METHODS: We analyzed the current situation and problems existing in Chinese pharmaceutical profession association as well as the developmental experience of foreign pharmaceutical associations then put forward suggestions for the development of pharmaceutical profession associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The sound development of pharmaceutical profession associations calls for the cooperated efforts of government, profession association and pharmaceutical enterprises, meanwhile its function as bridge and tie between pharmaceutical enterprises and government should be brought into full play.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; toxicity ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology

Excitatory Amino Acids ; secretion ; Humans ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; secretion ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control

Humans ; Pulpitis ; diagnosis

Chronic Disease ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Periapical Abscess ; pathology ; Periapical Granuloma ; pathology ; Periapical Periodontitis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Problem Solving ; Prognosis ; Radicular Cyst ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

MicroRNA (miRNA),an abundant class of small non-coding RNA,are abundant in the central nervous system where they play important roles in the neuronal development and plasticity.Moreover,the relationship between miRNA dysfunction and neurological diseases become more and more apparent.Recent studies show that the misregulated expression of miRNA out of control is closely related to the development of glioma.In this review we discussed the progress on the study of miRNA in Glioma.

BACKGROUND: For spasticity and flaccidity after stroke are different between each other qualitatively,the treatments of them with acupuncture are various.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effective therapeutic methods for limb spasticity after stroke.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation based on patients.SETTING: Department of acupuncture and massage in a college of traditional Chinese medicine.PARTICIPANTS: All of the cases were originated from 57 in-patients collected from the ward of Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2002 to December 2003.METHODS: According to the admission sequence of patients,two groups were divided by the random number table. Muscle-region acupuncture was formed on the basis of joint needling( guan ci),relaxing needling( hui ci)and fire needling(fanzhen jie ci) and was used to treat 24 cases of spasticity of stroke. In addition,the control of 24 cases was designed treated by the points only on yangming meridian. The comparative observation on therapeutic effects was carried on with Ashworth and SIAS,the relevant evaluation methods on spasticity in modern rehabilitation medicine,and with isodynamic time-measuring method as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① SIAS integrals; ② Ashworth grades of spasticity; ③ Isodynamic time-measuring method.RESULTS: SIAS integrals before and after treatment were 6.98 ± 3.52,12.59 ± 3.36 in muscle region group,and 7. 12 ± 3.38,8.75 ± 3.42 in yangming group,indicating significant difference( P ＜ 0. 01). The differences were also significant in Ashworth analysis and quantitative evaluation with isodynamic time-measuring method on spasticity in two groups ( P＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Muscle region needling is a kind of method with definite therapeutic effect on spasticity after stroke in acupuncture and moxibustion.

The foundation of neonatal arrhythmia is the immature heart conduction system. Common causes include neonatal organic heart disease (infectious myocarditis, myocardial injury, and congenital heart disease); neonatal infectious diseases; neonatal asphyxia; electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, and drug overdose. According to different arrhythmia (premature constractions,paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia,chaotic atrial tachycardia,completely conduction block),the patients should be treated in different measures. Managements include original disease treatment, removal of incentives, add with anfi-arrhythmic drugs, and protection of myocardial.

Objective To investigate the application effect of indwelling needle puncture in the axillary vein of newborn infants.Methods From September 2015 to February 2016,the venous indwelling needle puncture was given for neonatal transfusion 180 cases,including 90 cases of the axillary vein indwelling needle infusion in the experimental group,and 90 cases of puncture of extremity vein infusion in the control group.The application effect of the 2 groups was compared.Results There were significant differences in terms of indwelling needle shedding,phlebitis,drug extravasation,lien time between the experimental group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions During neonatal indwelling needle puncture infusion process,the axillary vein indwelling needle infusion can prevent the indwelling needle shedding,decrease the incidence of phlebitis and reduce the incidence of drug extravasation,and can prolong the indwelling time.Puncture in the simple operation easy,is easy to learn and no need for special facilities and equipment,only conventional intravenous infusion required material,plus 24g indwelling needle,aseptic transparent dressing,paper tape,economical and practical,suitable for application in neonatal ward.

RBC vital staning method was used to determine the shape of RBC in urine of patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) by LM. The results showed that hematuria specimens of 10 cases of EFH were glomeruler hematuria. The percentage of the morphological aberration in RBC was closely related with the severity of the disease, An increasing percentage of the morphological aberration, proteinuria BUN creatinin, was abnormal. Pathogenesis of the morphological aberration in REC in urine of the EHF patients is discussed in this paper.We suggest that the morphological aberration in RBC in urine of EHF patients can be taken as a sign of kidney lesions.