Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare subtype of B-cell malignancies, and it often occurs in the youth. About 80 % patients can be cured with the advance of modern therapy. How to further improve the cure rate of HL and minimize adverse reactions are new tasks faced by the clinicians, meanwhile, short-term curative effect and long-term survival rate are worthy of attention. An accurate assessment of disease stage is crucial for the selection of the appropriate therapy. This review discusses the hot issues regarding HL treatments to further improve the precision therapeutics, and to provide more references for clinical treatment.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a devastating vasculitis of the aorta and its major branches,coronary and pulmonary arteries.The clinical manifestations in children are less specific than in adnlts:the disease in children presents with fever,arthralgias,vomiting,weight loss and hypertension.Conventional angiography,which is recognized as the golden standard in evaluating vascular lesions in TA,combined with computer tomography angiography (CTA),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA),ultrasonography,could not only provide important information for early diagnosis,but also detect disease activity.New immunosuppressive agents and biological therapies,such as TNF-a blocking agents,have been verified to be effective although corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents are still basic treatment.

Objective To construct the autocatalytic caspase-3 and investigate its apoptosis- inducing effect in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.Methods PCR recombination technique was used to construct autocatalytic caspase-3 which is named as rev-caspase-3,and Ad-Max system was used to prepare recombinant adenovirus containing rev-caspase-3,which is named as Ad-rev-easp3.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect active caspase-3 expression.Cell counting kit,flow cytometry and western blot were used to measure cell survival rate,apoptotic rate,cell cycle distribution and the expressions of plT,active subunit of caspase-3,and p85,the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)cleavage segment,respectively.Transmission electron microscope was used to detect cell ultrastrueture,and real time PCR was used to detect apoptosis-related gene expression.Subcutaneous tumor models and abdominally spread tumor models of human ovarian carcinoma were established using AO cells in BALB/c nude mice. The mouse survival rates were measured for abdominally spread tumor models,and the volume of tumor nodules were determined for subcutaneous tumor models following the treatments of rev-caspase-3.Results Active caspase-3 protein was significantly expressed,and the expression levels of active subunit of caspase- 3,p17,and the PARP cleavage segment,p85,were significantly elevated in cells treated with rev-caspase- 3.The decrease of cell survival rate and the increase of cell apoptotic rate were detected following Ad-rev- casp3 treatment.Treatments with Ad-rev-casp3 [ multiplicity of infection(MOI)was 70 ] resulted in survival rate of 30.3% and apoptotic rate of 40.2%.There was a significant increase in cell number of S- phase(56.5%),while there was no significant apoptosis(3.4%)following treatments with Ad-rev-casp3 at a low dosage of MOI=10.Cells treated with rev-caspase-3 displayed significant apoptotic morphology. The levels of active caspase-3 gene expressions(9.44)significantly increased.Rev-caspase-3 treatment significantly prolonged survival,the mean survival duration was(213?16)days,and suppressed tumor growth(tumor growth suppression rate was 70%),when compared with treatment with phosphate buffered saline(PBS).Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus containing rev-caspase-3 can significantly induce apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells,suppress tumor growth and prolong the mouse survival duration.

Objective To study the expression and its significance of bcl-2 associated death (bad) gene in human optic nerves from traumatic atrophic eyeballs. Methods The optic nerves from 8 normal human donor eyes and 31 traumatic atrophic eyes were studied by immunohistochemistry technique. Results Bad protein was positively expressed in the normal optic nerve myelin sheath and residual myelin portions of optic nerve tissues from traumatic atrophic eyes. The expression of bad protein in the residual portions of myelin sheath was stained significantly stronger than that in normal optic nerves (P0 05). Conclusion Bad might possess the function of promoting the optic nerve atrophy processes in traumatic atrophic eyes.

Heart ; Myocardium ; cytology ; Stem Cells

As one of the serious complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy( DR) has become a main eye disease which causes blindness. The occurrence and development of DR is related to many factors. The pathogenesis is complicated, and the mechanism has not been clear. Early data suggest that the occurrence and development of DR has relations with many factors such as blood sugar level, diabetes duration and the environment. Among the factors, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the important mechanisms of DR and has become research focus in recent years. Consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction within cells include elevation of the rate of reactive oxygen species( ROS) production due to damage of electron transport chain proteins, mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) damage, and loss of metabolic capacity. Clear understanding on the mechanism of mitochondrial functional change under high sugar level and oxidative stress response in the occurrence and development of DR is of great significance on prevention and cure of DR. ln this article, the development of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of DR is reviewed.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of desflurane on the brain against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods Ninety-six male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 24 each) : group A sham operation; group B I/R; group C desflurane + I/R and group D 5-HD + desflurane + I/R. I/R was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with controlled hypotension for 10 min. In C group 1 MAC desflurane (5.9% ) was inhaled for 60 min before I/R. In group D 5-HD 5 mg?kg-1 was given i.v. before desflurane inhalation. The animals recovered from anesthesia at 30 min of reperfusion. The neurological behavior was evaluated by the clambering test, the overhanging test, the inclined plane test and the beam balance test. Animals were killed at 6, 24 and 48 h ( n = 8 each) of reperfusion in each group and the brains were removed for microscopic examination of area CA1 of hippocampus for the number of normal pyramidal neurons surviving I/R. Results Neurological behavior was greatly compromised by I/R at 6, 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. The animals behaved significantly better at 6,24 and 48h in C group but only at 6 h in D group than in B group. The number of normal pyramidal neurons in CA1 of hippocampus was significantly decreased by I/R at 6, 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. The number was significantly larger at 6, 24 and 48 h in C group but only at 6h in D group than in B group. Conclusion Desflurane preconditioning has protective effect on the brain against I/R injury. Activation of KATP channel is involved in the mechanism.

This study was performed for the output of nitrous oxide (N_2O) after N_2O cessation. The breathing bag with the volume of 3000 ml served as the simulator lung,and 5 patients, ASA grade Ⅰ,aged 18-48 years scheduled for elective surgery,acted as the clinical subiects. After the equilibration of end-expiratory N_2O concentration of 50% was developed,the N_2O administration was cut off,then was expelled with oxygen flow rate at 3L/min or 6L/min. The inspiration-expiration N_2O concentration difference of simulator or patient lung (SC_(I-E) N_2O or PC_(I-E) N_2O)was recorded with an infra-red gas analyser. The N_2O dilution induced by the anesthesia circuit volume and the functional residual capacity, was similar to that by simulator lung,so the clinical output of N_2O in one minute was calculated as followed: N_2O output=(PC_(I-E) N_2O-SC_(I-E) N_2O)?minute volume of ventilation. The results showed that in the first minute after N_2O termination,there was no N_2O output,but from the second to the tenth minute the N_2O output increased gradually and was kept at the high level,additionally,the levels of N_2O output at the oxygen flow rate of 6L/min were higher than those at 3L/min in the corresponding times, respectively. It is suggested that following the withdrawal of 1:1 N_2O-O_2 anesthesia ,the N_2O output is related to the oxygen flow rate,and there is not the occurance of diffusion hypoxia.

Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Research Design