Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by polyarthritis.Numerous agents with varying mechanisms are used in the treatment of RA,but there is no radical cure.Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.Agents targeting IL-6 such as tocilizumab (TCZ) attracted significant attention as a promising agent in RA treatment.This article reviewed the key efficacy and safety data from clinical trials of TCZ,as well as six candidate IL-6 blockers including sarilumab,ALX-0061,sirukumab,MEDI5117,clazakizumab,and olokizumab,and their future perspectives in the treatment of RA.

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in cultured human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor (TGF-β RⅡ) was constructed and transfected into T cells. HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and baicalin. The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components (group Ⅰ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1; group Ⅲ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin; group Ⅳ: HPDL cells+LPS+T cells; group Ⅴ: HPDL cells+baicalin; group Ⅵ: HPDL cells) and was cultured for 48 hours. RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells. Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.01) and higher than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.01); The ratio of RANKL/OPG in gronp Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ (P<0.01); the ratio of RANKL/ OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ (P<0.01); the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.

Objective To discuss the present situation of nearly five years of traditional Chinese medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of children with bronchial asthma,confirmed that the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of the disease is reliable,thus to provide certain theoretical basis for further research in the future.

To investigate the changes of cardiac myosin ATPase and its isoenzyme in early stage of cardiac hypertrophy following myocardial infarction(MI), we studied myosin ATPase activitzy, isoenyme distriibution and myocardial fiber diameter of uninfarcted ventricu lar sfptum, 9 aed 21 days after operation in MI rats. The results showed that coincident with the increases in myocardial fiber diameter on 9 days after MI, both myosin ATPase activity and V_1 isoenzyme amount were depressed. These changes were more pronounced on 21 after MI. It is suggested that with the development of myocardial hypertrophy in early stage of MI, adaptive changes in myosin ATPase activity and isoenzyme distribution occur.

Objective To investigate the distribution and the characteristics of HBV genotype in Kunming City,China.Methods The HBV genotypes and HBV-DNA levels of 360 patients in Kunming were detected by real-time quantitative PCR using type-specific primers,the serum-types were also detected in ELISA at the same time.Results Of the 360 specimens,346(96.11%) could be detected directly,among them 196 were genotype C(56.65%),91 were genotype B(26.30%),91 were genotype B(26.30%),37 were in B-C mix-type (10.69%),21 were genotype D(6.07%),1 were genotype A(0.29%).Among them,the genotype C was higer than the others (P<0.01);HBV-DNA levels of the patients with genotype C and B-C mix-type were higer than the genotype B and the others(P<0.01,P<0.05) (beside the positive proportions of genotype B was lower in the serum with"HB-sAg( + ),HBeAg( + ),anti-HBc( + )"(P<0.01),the other genotypes were no relation with their serum-types (P>0.05);the 360 specimens,14(3.89%)could not be detected directly,the average level of them was 4.136X 103IU/ml,it was lower than that of others(P<0.05).Conclusion The HBV-genotypes in Kunming area are abundant,including genotype C,B,D,A and B/C mix-type.The dominant genotype of HBV are C and B,and the HBV-DNA level of genotypes B/C mix-type and C were singnificantly higher than that of others ;The negative relation existed between the genotype B's frequency and the positive proportions of HBeAg;The genotype D frequency of this region is higher than that of lower-altitude inland areas and lower than that of plateau areas around Lahsa,which probably stands for its epidemiologic feature.Meanwhile,those samples without direct identification contain relatively lower level of HBV-DNA,which probably suggests that HBV genotype should be conducted on a basis of a certain HBV-DNA quantity.

Factors that may influence vitamin D nutritional status include latitude,season,age,sex,race,skin color,clothing,cultural practices,dietary nutrition,and living conditions.This article reviews the effects of these factors on vitamin D status and recommends that any high-risk people of vitamin D deficiency should take vitamin D supplementation.

This paper analyzed the importance of improving the humanistic quality of the students in medical university and explored the way to integrate humanistic spirit education into clinical microbiology course.

Objective To summarize the key points of nursing the patients with simple 46 XY gonadal digenesis syndrome. Method Mental care and full preparation like nursing of the incisions , close observation of pains and nursing of adverse reactions from chemotherapy were critical for ensuring the patient′s discharge from hospital. Result All patients′height increased, secondary sex symdrome growed with armpit and pubic air growed. Conclusion Good mental nursing and targed professional nursing are critical for patients′health.

Objective:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride /polyvinylidene chloride by HS-GC.Methods: A Stabilwax (30.0 m ×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) capillary column and an FID detector were adopted .The headspace equivalent temperature was 80℃for 30 min and the col-umn temperature was 40℃.The inlet temperature was 190℃and the detector temperature was 210℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas . The flow rate was 1.0 ml · min-1 .Results: Vinyl chloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.5-2.5 μg ( r =0.996 7), and the average recovery was 90.4%(RSD=0.9%, n=9).Vinylidenechloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 1.0-5.0 μg (r=0.999 0), and the average recovery was 90.0%(RSD=0.6%, n=9).Conclusion: The method is fast and accurate in the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride .

Objective To investigate the qualitative diagnostic features of less than 2 cm atypical solitary breast nodules.Methods 52 patients diagnosed with atypical solitary breast nodules as well as the mammography and clinical characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among those 52 cases of nodular lesions,there were 23 benign nodules and 29 malignant nodules.Among these 29 malignant cases,26 cases were misdiagnosed as benign lesions,the X-ray of which showed the margin of nodules were mostly smooth,the density relatively homogenic yet with no sign of lobulation.Meanwhile,19 cases were diagnosed as malignant lesions, the X-ray of which showed irregular nodules,uneven density with or without multiple calcification,their margin lobulated,ragged, and ambient structure irregularity.In some case their local skin thickened and subcutaneous axungia were turbid.There were 7 cases unable to make timely diagnosis,the X-ray of which showed more or less regular form,uneven or almost even density,ambient structure barely regular,lack typical features.Conclusion To make accurate diagnosis,it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the pathology X-ray of different lesions,the atypical manifestation,plus comprehensive and detailed analysis,combing ultrasound and clinical palpation,MRI,biopsy and follow-ups when needed.