Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome characterized by progressive and widespread loss of skeletal muscle mass and/or decline in muscle function.Its incidence increases year by year with aging and is influenced by multiple factors,including genetic background,lifestyle,nutritional status,and chronic diseases.Recent studies have revealed a significant correlation between sarcopenia and chronic coronary syndromes(CCS),not only in terms of the frequency of occurrence but also the se-verity of the conditions.Moreover,sarcopenia and CCS share common pathogenic mechanisms,en-compassing various pathophysiological processes such as chronic inflammation,oxidative stress,apop-tosis,and insulin resistance.This article aimed to review the current research progress on comorbidity relationship between sarcopenia and CCS,explore their shared pathophysiological basis,and discuss their impacts on clinical prognosis.

Objective:To explore the relationships between physical activity and cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China.Methods:A total of 6 081 older adults aged ≥65 years from the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study in China in 2021 were included in this study. Information about their demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and chronic disease histories were collected, the intensity of physical activity was evaluated by using Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and the cognitive function was evaluated by using Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (Chinese version). Multifactorial logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between different levels and types of physical activity and cognitive impairment in older adults.Results:In the 6 081 older adults, 1 829 (30.1%) had cognitive impairment. After adjusting for confounders, older adults with T2 and T3 levels of physical activity had lower risks for cognitive impairment compared with those with T1 levels of physical activity, with ORs of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40-0.55) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.18-0.28). The results of different types of physical activities showed that the ORs in leisure activity T2 and T3 groups were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.44-0.63) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.41-0.58), and the ORs in housework activity T2 and T3 groups were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.30-0.42) and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.16-0.24). There was no significant association between work-related activity and cognitive impairment. Conclusion:There is a negative association between the intensity level of physical activity and cognitive impairment, and active leisure and household activities might reduce the risk for cognitive impairment.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in pathological specimens on the prognosis of patients after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 766 patients who underwent RP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2019 to June 2024. The median age was 68 (63, 72) years, and the median prostate specific antigen (PSA) value was 16.56 (8.35, 34.16) ng/ml. According to the biopsy Gleason score, 168 cases (21.9%) had a score of 6, 315 cases (41.1%) had a score of 7, and 283 cases (37.0%) had a score of ≥8. The relationships between LVI/PNI and clinicopathological factors such as biopsy/radical Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, seminal vesicle invasion, and nodal involvement were analyzed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared between LVI-positive vs. LVI-negative and PNI-positive vs. PNI-negative groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for RFS and assess the impact of LVI and PNI on postoperative recurrence.Results:Among the 766 postoperative pathological results, radical Gleason scores were 6 in 113 cases (14.8%), 7 in 356 cases (46.5%), and ≥8 in 297 cases (38.7%). Pathological stages included T 2 in 571 cases (74.5%), T 3 in 177 cases (23.1%), and T 4 in 18 cases (2.3%). Positive surgical margins were observed in 240 cases (31.3%), seminal vesicle invasion in 147 cases (19.2%), and nodal involvement in 63 cases (8.2%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered to 94 cases (12.3%). LVI was positive in 65 cases (8.5%) and negative in 701 cases (91.5%). Compared with the LVI-negative group, the LVI-positive group showed significant differences in radical Gleason scores [0 vs. 113 cases with score 6 (16.1%), 11 (16.9%) vs. 345 (49.2%) cases with score 7, 54 (83.1%) vs. 243 (34.7%) cases with score ≥8; χ2=59.782, P<0.01], positive surgical margins [42 (64.6%) vs. 198 (28.2%); χ2=36.572, P<0.01], seminal vesicle invasion [50 (76.9%) vs. 97 (13.8%); χ2=152.656, P<0.01], nodal involvement [23 (35.4%) vs. 40 (5.7%); χ2=69.414, P<0.01], pathological stages [T 2: 7 (10.8%) vs. 564 (80.5%), T 3: 51 (78.4%) vs. 126 (18.0%), T 4: 7 (10.8%) vs. 11 (1.5%); χ2=154.364, P<0.01], and adjuvant therapy [31 (47.7%) vs. 63 (9.0%); χ2=82.775, P<0.01]. PNI was positive in 339 cases (44.3%) and negative in 427 cases (55.7%). The PNI-positive group exhibited significant differences in radical Gleason scores [11 (3.2%) vs. 102 (23.9%) cases with score 6, 155 (45.7%) vs. 201 (47.1%) cases with score 7, 173 (51.1%) vs. 124 (29.0%) cases with score ≥8; χ2=78.234, P<0.01], positive surgical margins [170 (50.1%) vs. 70 (16.4%); χ2=100.072, P<0.01], seminal vesicle invasion [129 (38.1%) vs. 18 (4.2%); χ2=139.524, P<0.01], nodal involvement [44 (13.0%) vs. 19 (4.4%); χ2=18.215, P<0.01], pathological stages [T 2: 174 (51.3%) vs. 397 (93.0%), T 3: 147 (43.4%) vs. 30 (7.0%), T 4: 18 (5.3%) vs. 0; χ2=174.625, P<0.01], and adjuvant therapy [73 (21.5%) vs. 21 (4.9%); χ2=48.463, P<0.01]. During a median follow-up of 14 (6, 32) months, 140 cases (18.3%) experienced recurrence. The recurrence rates were significantly higher in LVI-positive vs. LVI-negative [27 (41.5%) vs. 113 (16.1%); χ2=25.731, P=0.006] and PNI-positive vs. PNI-negative groups [91 (26.8%) vs. 49 (11.5%); χ2=29.882, P<0.01]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age ( HR=1.021, P<0.05), PSA level ( HR=1.002, P<0.05), biopsy Gleason score ( HR=2.020, P<0.05), and nodal involvement ( HR=2.625, P<0.05) as independent risk factors for recurrence, while adjuvant therapy was an independent protective factor ( HR=0.147, P<0.01). Radical Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, seminal vesicle invasion, LVI and PNI were not independent risk factors for recurrence (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Patients with pathological LVI or PNI after RP exhibit higher radical Gleason scores, pathological stages, positive surgical margin rates, seminal vesicle invasion rates, and nodal involvement rates. LVI and PNI positivity predict shorter recurrence-free survival, but they do not serve as independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence after RP.

Objective To report the individualized rehabilitation protocol administered to a patient suffering from corpus callosum injury subsequent to cerebral infarction,manifesting clinically as alien hand syndrome,attention deficits,spatial neglect and gait apraxia;and to emphasize the application of functional near infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in the assessment of cerebral activation.Methods A 54-year-old male with corpus callosum damage following cerebral infarction was assessed by a comprehen-sive array of neuropsychological assessments,such as Mini-Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive As-sessment,Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,etc.Based on these assessments,a personalized rehabilitation program was devised,incorporating physical therapy,occupa-tional therapy,task-oriented training,mirror therapy,computer-assisted cognitive training,as well as Schulte's square attention training,bilateral limb coordination training and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).fNIRS was used to evaluate changes in brain activation before and after rehabilitation.Results After more than a month of comprehensive rehabilitation,the patient experienced significant improvements in Alien hand syndrome,attention deficit and spatial neglect.Gait was normalized,and enhancements were ob-served in motor function,cognition and activity of daily living.fNIRS analysis revealed favorable alterations in cerebral activation patterns.Conclusion For the intricate symptoms associated with corpus callosum injury,a multidisciplinary rehabilitation ap-proach,particularly the incorporation of Schulte's square attention training,bilateral coordination exercises and TMS,alongside fNIRS for monitoring cerebral activation,showed significant rehabilitation effects.

Objective:To explore the relationships between physical activity and cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China.Methods:A total of 6 081 older adults aged ≥65 years from the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study in China in 2021 were included in this study. Information about their demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and chronic disease histories were collected, the intensity of physical activity was evaluated by using Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and the cognitive function was evaluated by using Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (Chinese version). Multifactorial logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between different levels and types of physical activity and cognitive impairment in older adults.Results:In the 6 081 older adults, 1 829 (30.1%) had cognitive impairment. After adjusting for confounders, older adults with T2 and T3 levels of physical activity had lower risks for cognitive impairment compared with those with T1 levels of physical activity, with ORs of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40-0.55) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.18-0.28). The results of different types of physical activities showed that the ORs in leisure activity T2 and T3 groups were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.44-0.63) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.41-0.58), and the ORs in housework activity T2 and T3 groups were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.30-0.42) and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.16-0.24). There was no significant association between work-related activity and cognitive impairment. Conclusion:There is a negative association between the intensity level of physical activity and cognitive impairment, and active leisure and household activities might reduce the risk for cognitive impairment.

Objective To report the individualized rehabilitation protocol administered to a patient suffering from corpus callosum injury subsequent to cerebral infarction,manifesting clinically as alien hand syndrome,attention deficits,spatial neglect and gait apraxia;and to emphasize the application of functional near infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in the assessment of cerebral activation.Methods A 54-year-old male with corpus callosum damage following cerebral infarction was assessed by a comprehen-sive array of neuropsychological assessments,such as Mini-Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive As-sessment,Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,etc.Based on these assessments,a personalized rehabilitation program was devised,incorporating physical therapy,occupa-tional therapy,task-oriented training,mirror therapy,computer-assisted cognitive training,as well as Schulte's square attention training,bilateral limb coordination training and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).fNIRS was used to evaluate changes in brain activation before and after rehabilitation.Results After more than a month of comprehensive rehabilitation,the patient experienced significant improvements in Alien hand syndrome,attention deficit and spatial neglect.Gait was normalized,and enhancements were ob-served in motor function,cognition and activity of daily living.fNIRS analysis revealed favorable alterations in cerebral activation patterns.Conclusion For the intricate symptoms associated with corpus callosum injury,a multidisciplinary rehabilitation ap-proach,particularly the incorporation of Schulte's square attention training,bilateral coordination exercises and TMS,alongside fNIRS for monitoring cerebral activation,showed significant rehabilitation effects.

Objective To compare the differences in the average transaction costs per-referral patients under different models of Integrated Delivery Systems(IDS).Methods Using a typical case sampling method,it selected referred patients from three IDS models:the county medical alliance in D City(Qinghai Province),the urban medical consortium in J District(Zhengzhou City,Henan Province),and the health management coalition in N County(Shandong Province).Structured questionnaires collected demographics,average transaction costs per-referral and cost perceptions.t-tests and ANOVA assessed cost differences;generalized linear regression identified influencing factors.Results Among 915 patients,the average transaction costs per-referral were 1 035.05 yuan(county alliance),195.31 yuan(urban consortium),and 700.97 yuan(health management coalition),with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The urban consortium exhibited lower time costs and specialized input costs.Key influencing factors included older age(county alliance),education level,employment status,and referral travel time(urban consortium),as well as urban-rural disparities(health management coalition).Patients'cost perceptions significantly differed across models(P＜0.05).Conclusion The urban medical consortium demonstrated the lowest patient the average transaction costs,highlighting its institutional advantage in minimizing financial burdens.

Objective:To explore medical students'cognition,current status,and demands regarding practical skills training in a medical college under the background of new medical science.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical undergraduates from Year 1 to Year 5 in a medical college.A self-designed scale was used to investigate the cognition,current status,and demands related to new medical education concepts.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between satisfaction with practical teaching facilities and variables including understanding of new medical education,curriculum design,and proportion of practical teaching.Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the factors influencing satisfaction.Results:Among 1 253 participants,70.71%acquired new medical science information through online media,while 52.99%learned about it via school courses.Over 80%endorsed"whole-cycle health management"(preventive care before disease onset 91.94%,disease treatment 81.72%,and post-illness rehabilitation 82.60%).Experimental courses(85.16%),clinical skills training(66.88%),and social practice(66.24%)were primary practical forms,but the participation rates of research practice(40.78%)and innovation/entrepreneurship practice(34.72%)was comparatively lower.The satisfaction with practical teaching was positively correlated with adequacy of faculty guidance(r=0.707)and curriculum rationality(r=0.522)(P＜0.01).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that faculty guidance(β=0.436)and the proportion of practical teaching(β=0.319)were the key predictors of satisfaction.Conclusion:Medical students'cognition of practical skills training,curriculum optimization,and adequacy of faculty guidance significantly influence satisfaction with practical teaching,with faculty guidance and rationality of practical process playing key roles.

Objective:To explore medical students'cognition,current status,and demands regarding practical skills training in a medical college under the background of new medical science.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical undergraduates from Year 1 to Year 5 in a medical college.A self-designed scale was used to investigate the cognition,current status,and demands related to new medical education concepts.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between satisfaction with practical teaching facilities and variables including understanding of new medical education,curriculum design,and proportion of practical teaching.Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the factors influencing satisfaction.Results:Among 1 253 participants,70.71%acquired new medical science information through online media,while 52.99%learned about it via school courses.Over 80%endorsed"whole-cycle health management"(preventive care before disease onset 91.94%,disease treatment 81.72%,and post-illness rehabilitation 82.60%).Experimental courses(85.16%),clinical skills training(66.88%),and social practice(66.24%)were primary practical forms,but the participation rates of research practice(40.78%)and innovation/entrepreneurship practice(34.72%)was comparatively lower.The satisfaction with practical teaching was positively correlated with adequacy of faculty guidance(r=0.707)and curriculum rationality(r=0.522)(P＜0.01).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that faculty guidance(β=0.436)and the proportion of practical teaching(β=0.319)were the key predictors of satisfaction.Conclusion:Medical students'cognition of practical skills training,curriculum optimization,and adequacy of faculty guidance significantly influence satisfaction with practical teaching,with faculty guidance and rationality of practical process playing key roles.

Objective The study aims to elucidate the inhibitory effects of curcumin on the proliferation of colon cancer RKO cells,focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of tripartite motif-containing protein 2(TRIM2)expression and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway.Methods Experimental concentrations of curcumin were determined by calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)value.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was utilized to assess the level of TRIM2 expression in RKO and fetal human colon(FHC)cells.Western blotting analysis was conducted to investigate the level of TRIM2 expression and mTOR pathway-related proteins in curcumin-treated RKO cells.The impact of curcumin treatment,TRIM2-knockingdown,and mTOR signaling pathway on proliferation in RKO cells was quantified using the cell counting kit-8(CCK8)assay.Results The expression of TRIM2 was found to be elevated in RKO cells as determined by qPCR,compared to FHC cells.Curcumin suppressed the level of TRIM2 expression,and subsequent knockdown of TRIM2 resulted in decreased expression of mTOR-related proteins in RKO cells.Both curcumin and TRIM2-knockdown demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferation in RKO cells,with reversion upon activation of mTOR signaling pathway.Conclusion The study unveils the inhibitory effects of curcumin on RKO cells proliferation through modulation of TRIM2 expression and the mTOR signaling pathway.