Objective To detect whether there is neurotropism following end-to-side neurorrhaphy by means of the neuron retrograde tracing technique. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: tracing main branch of musculcutaneous nerve(MC) of end-to-side group, tracing MC main branch of normal group, tracing MC motor branch of end-to-side group and tracing MC motor branch of normal group.In two end-to-side groups, the MC was transeeted, then an 1 mm epineukral window was created on the ulnar nerve. Distal end of MC nerve was sutured to the windowed ulnar nerve by means of end-to-side neurorrhaphy.In two normal control groups, MC and ulnar nerves were just exposed. Five months post operation, by means of retrograde Fluoro-Gold neuron tracing technique,the number of C5～ T1 anterior horn motoneurons and dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons of all groups were counted. Results In two tracing MC main branch groups: the motor neuron counts in end-to-side group was 245.2 ± 93.8, the motor neuron counts in normal group was 846.7 ± 264.8, and counts of end-to-side group was 30.0% of the normal control group (P＜ 0.01). The sensory neuron counts in end-to-side was 434.7 ± 160.4, the sensory neuron counts in normal group was 1545.2 ± 287.4, and counts of end-to-side group was 28.1% of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01). The per-centage of motor neuron in end-to-side group was 0.36 ± 0.09, there was no difference between end-to-side group and normal control group(P＞ 0.05). In two tracing MC motor branch groups: the motor neuron counts in end-to-side group was 72.3 ± 35.3, the motor neuron counts in normal group was 189.7 ± 57.0, and counts of end-to-side group was 38.1% of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01). The sensory neuron counts in end-to-side was 110.8 ± 52.5, the sensory neuron counts in normal group was 157.9 ± 50.0, and counts of end-to-side group was 70.2% of the normal control group (P ＞ 0.05). The percentage of motor neuron in end-to-side group was 0.40 ± 0.14, the difference between end-to-side group and normal control group was signifieant(P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Neurotropism in collateral spouting after end-to-side neurorrhaphy is not significant.

Objective To investigate the causes,diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal bleeding.Methods The clinical datas of 34 cases of small intestinal bleeding confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Tumor was the first cause of small intestinal bleeding(13/34),there was no significant difference between the number of benign and malignant tumor,other causes were inflammatory small intestinal diseases(9/34),small intestinal diverticulum(7/34),angiodysplasia(4/34) and heterotopic pancreas(1/34).There were 11,3 and 2 cases who were diagnosed by double contrast barium meal,angiography and radionucleide scanning respectively,18 cases were diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy.Most patients were treated by intestinal segmentectomy.Conclusion Neoplasia is the most common cause of small intestinal bleeding,other causes are inflammatory small intestinal diseases,small intestinal diverticulum andangiodysplasia.Acombination of double contrast barium meal,angiography,radionucleide scanning,exploratory laparotomy and/or enteroscopy are helpful to diagnose small intestinal bleeding.Medical or endoscopic thyrapy is the first choice for treating small intestinal bleeding,surgical procedure,mainly intestinal segmentectomy,is the second choice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the selective mechanism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)for osteoblast via ERβ. Methods High expression of ERβ in hMG63-ERβ group ( infected with pWPTERβ), gene silencing of ERβ in hMG63-shERβ group (infected with pLVTHM-GFP/ERβ-shRNA) and hMG,63 group (control) were cultured and treated with 1 × 10-7 mol/L DHEA, with or without U0126 and etoposide. The proliferation and apoptosis of hMG63 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The mRNA level of estrogen receptor subtype was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. ResultsThe expression of ERβ in hMG63-ERβ group and hMG63-shERβ group were increased 7. 39 times and decreased 17％ compared with that in hMG63 group (control). DHEA could increase ERβ expression in hMG63 in each group, however, it did not influence the expression of ERα mRNA. When the level of ERβ was high, DHEA could accelerate the proliferation [proliferation index were ( 81.6 ± 7.6) ％ in hMG,63-ERβ, ( 75.0 ± 5.3 ) ％ in hMG63, P ＜ 0. 05]and inhibit the apoptosis [apoptosis rate were ( 12.2 ± 1.6) ％ in hMG63-ERβ, ( 14. 6 ± 1.5 ) ％in hMG63, P ＜0. 0 1], which was blocked by U0126 [proliferation index were (33. 2 ± 2. 0)％ in hMG63-ERβ, (41.2 ± 2. 4) ％ in hMG63, apoptosis rate were (40. 5 ± 4. 3 ) ％ in hMG63-ERβ, (43.3 ± 4. 1 ) ％in hMG63, all P ＜0. 05]. When the expression of ERβ was silenced, DHEA could not inhibit the apoptosis of hMG63 anymore. ConclusionDHEA selectively act on osteoblasts via the dominant expression of ERβ.

Objective To compare the result differences of different dynamic nerves transferring to different segments of the radial nerve. Methods From 1997 to 2000, different ways of intercostal nerves or contralataral C 7 transfering to different segments of the radial nerves were carried out in 36 cases with total avulsed brachial plexus injuries that were followed up for average 42.39 months. Four-fold table was selected to statistically calculate the effective rate of muscle strength recovery. Results The total effective rate was 56% (20/36). The effective rate of the functional rehabilitation of elbow extension was 5/8 in the group with neurotization to radial nerve trunk and 4/4 in the group with neurotization to branches innervating the triceps brachii muscle of radial nerve. The highest effective rate up to 75% (9/12) of the functional rehabilitation of wrist and digit extension belonged to the group with contralateral C 7 transferring to the radial nerve segment in the humeral spiral groove where branches innervating the triceps brachii muscle had already diverged. Conclusions The way of neurotization to radial nerve trunk and to branches innervating the triceps brachii muscle of the radial nerve can win good functional rehabilitation of elbow extension. Contralataral C 7 transfering to the radial nerve segment in the humeral spiral groove ranks the best way for function recovery of the wrist extension. Age below 30 years and operation interval less than 12 months are helpful for functional rehabilitation of the radial nerve.

Objective To report the treatment of 7 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)with algesia.Methods One hundred and twenty eight cases of carpal tunnel syndrome within the period of March 2002 and March 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 7 cases(4 female and 3 male)had algesia,4 cases were treated with endoscopic management of carpal tunnel release (ECTR) and 3 cases were treated with open management of carpal tunnel release(OCTR).These 7 cases were followed-up 1-4years(average 1.5 years)postoperatively.Results Two ECTR cases and 2 OCTR cases had bad therapeutic effect and the others had good effect.Both 2 bad-effect ECTR cases feel special pain when insert the catheter.Only inject Triamcinolone Acetonide-A within epineurium after completely release in the goodeffect OCTR ease.Conclusion CTS with algesia is a special type of CTS,the key to treat it is to protect epineurium.

Objective To analyze the doctors' working enthusiasm and its influencing factors on county level hospitals.Methods 17 seminars were held in 8 counties of 3 provinces to investigate 1055 doctors with questionnaires, analyzing the three scales of working enthusiasm, working enthusiasm influencing factors, and changes since the 2009 new healthcare reform.Results Working enthusiasm comprises inner drive, working pleasure, work recognition and external recognition, and inner drive of which is found to play the most important part, with 20.55％ variance contribution.Among the six dimensions of the influencing factors, working conditions rank the highest with 19.46％ variance contribution.Conclusion Optimized measures in the healthcare reform, better working conditions and social environment can improve working enthusiasm of these doctors.

Objective To investigate the influence of acupuncture and stage health education on the function rehabilitation of stroke patients with depression.Methods 85 patients with poststroke depression were divided into a treatment group (44) and a control group (41).All the cases were treated with routine neurological therapy.Based upon it,the treatment group was given acupuncture and stage health education.Barthel (BI) index and movement scale Fugl Meyer (FMA),depression scale Zung (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)were observed in the two groups before and after the treatment.Results After eight weeks treatment,the scores of SDS and HAMD in the two groups were (46.97±12.17),(26.04±5.37),compared with the pretreatment scores(56.07± 5.51),(32.74± 5.17),they were significantly reduced.The scores ofBI,FMB were(67.13 ±15.53),(64.41 ±20.03) which were significantly increased (average P＜0.01),this increase was more significant in the treatment group (P＜0.05) Post-stroke depression comparison:the total effect of SDS and HAMD in the treatment group was (77.88％,78.6％),which was more superior to the control group (56.6％,52.4％).Conclusion The acupuncture and stage health education has a significant clinical treatment effect on the patients suffered from post-stroke depression and also can enhance their body movement function as well as the daily ability.

Objective To investigate the effects of the point-injection combined with neuromuscular facilitation rehabilitation techniques on post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome. Methods A treatment group, 36 cases, was treated with the point-injection combined with neural facilitation of rehabilitation techniques. And a control group, 30 cases, was treated with massage therapy. Observed the clinical manifestations and used Fugl-Meyer to assess the joint activities, pain degree and motion function of upper limbs before and after therapy. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed better improvement of joint activity scope and degree, and alleviation of pain (P<0.05). Conclusion Point injection and neuromuscular rehabilitation treatment has a better effect ain treating sequelare of brain stroke and it is worth applying.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of acup point injection and rehabilitation techniques on recovery of upper limb function and activities of daily life (ADL) in patients with shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) after cerebral infarction.Methods Ninety-six patients with SHS after cerebral infarction admitted to Jiuquan City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Jiuquan City People's Hospital from January 2014 to February 2016 were enrolled, and they were randomly assigned to observation group (56 cases) and control group (40 cases). The patients in the two groups were given the same routine comprehensive cerebral infarction treatments and rehabilitation technological training. In the control group, additionally intermediate frequency physiotherapy was used, while in the observation group, acupuncture and acupoint injection of salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine were added. The patients in two groups were treated consecutively for one month, afterwards, the upper limb motor function, ADL, shoulder joint pain, degree of swelling and range of motion were assessed, and the clinical effects were observed.Results After treatment, the modified Fugl-Meyer motor function score (FMA), modified barthel index (MBI) and the ranges of voluntary activities of shoulder abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation and external rotation in patients of two groups were significantly increased than those before treatment; the pain visual analog scale (VAS) and the edema volume difference in observation group were lower than those in the control group, and after treatment, the changes of above indexes were more significant in the observation group than those in the control group [FMA: 70.10±6.38 vs. 41.76±18.69, VAS: 2.00±1.37 vs. 5.00±1.25, MBI: 75.17±3.51 vs. 51.56±2.12, edema volume difference (cm3): 2.13±2.05 vs. 5.75±1.17, flexion: (153.1±6.7)° vs. (56.0±10.9)°, extension: (39.6±5.8)° vs. (17.2±6.7)°, abduction:(168.1±9.6)° vs. (52.1±8.9)°, adduction: (52.1±3.6)° vs. (21.8±4.3)°, external rotation: (49.8±7.6)° vs. (23.2±5.2)°, internal rotation: (107.0±8.5)° vs. (51.2±6.1)°], the total effect in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [91.1% (52/56) vs. 70.0% (28/40),P < 0.05].Conclusions Acupuncture and acupoint injection combined with three-level therapeutic regimen of rehabilitation technological training for treatment of shoulder-hand syndrome after cerebral infarction can reduce the patient's pain and edema, and improve upper limb motor function and activities of daily living.

Objective To compare the accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MRI) and SPECT in the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in renal allografts.Methods Sixty renal transplant recipients were enrolled in this study.DCE-MRI and SPECT were used to measure the GFR of the transplanted kidneys,and compared with the endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr).Bias,precision,correlation and Bland-Altman agreement were calculated for each modality compared with the endogenous Ccr.Results In 60 renal transplant recipients,the corrected Ccr was (60.63 ± 24.83) ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2.The GFR measured by SPECT was (65.31 ± 17.08) ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2,and (50.44 ± 22.78) ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 by MRI,respectively.The bias of GFR-SPECT was 4.69 ml·min-1 · 1.73 m-2,and the precision was 23.76 ml·min-1 1.73 m-2.The bias of GFR-MRI was-10.18 ml·min-1 ·1.73 m-2,and the precision was 13.87 ml·min-1 · 1.73 m-2.Correlation analysis showed that GFR-MRI and the endogenous Ccr had a good correlation (r=0.833,P＜0.01),GFR-SPECT and the endogenous Ccr had a moderate correlation (r=0.406,P＜0.01),and GFR-MRI and GFR-MRI had a poor correlation (r=0.342,P ＜0.01).Bland-Altman analysis showed a confidence interval of 95.3 ml·min-1 ·1.73 m-2 for GFR-SPECT and 62.3 ml· min-1 · 1.73 m-2 for GFR-MRI.Conclusion DCE-MRI can be used as confidently as SPECT to evaluate the renal function of transplanted kidneys in the same time of determining anatomical information.