BACKGROUND:Bacterial adhesion is closely related to the surface properties of cobalt-chromium al oys, and therefore, the surface modification technology has become the focus of research in this area. OBJECTIVE:To verify whether the cobalt-chromium al oy with zirconium nitride coating can improve the bacterial adhesion of metal denture materials. METHODS:Magnetron sputtering deposition method was used to plate zirconium nitride film on the surface of cobalt-chromium al oys (experimental group), and cobalt-chromium al oy specimens uncoated served as control group. Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Actinomyces viscosus were respectively inoculated on the two kinds of test specimen, and at end of culture, the colony counting was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the bacterial adhesion test, the number of colonies of three kinds of bacteria in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The number of bacterial adhesion in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group. These findings indicate that the cobalt-chromium al oy covered with zirconium nitride coating can significantly reduce the adhesion amount of Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Actinomyces viscosus, and thus improve bacterial adhesion properties of cobalt-chromium al oys.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of Elabela(ELA) on the renal injury of db/db mice and its possible mechanism.Methods:Sixteen eight-week-old male db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with ELA(5 mg·kg -1·day -1) or equivalent normal saline( n=8) for 8 weeks. Eight age-matched male db/m mice received equivalent normal saline injection as normal control. At the end of the experiment, blood and urine samples were obtained for HbA 1C and urinary albumin/creatinine(ACR) measurements. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of ELA. Histopathological changes in kidney tissue were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The levels of collagen type Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) as well as Yes-associated protein(YAP) phosphorylation in kidney tissue were examined by western blot. Results:Immunohistochemistry results showed that ELA expression was decreased in the renal tissue of db/db mice as compared with that of db/m mice( P<0.05). After ELA treatment, ACR and blood pressure were markedly decreased in db/db mice( P<0.05), but without significant changes in the body weight and HbA 1C. Renal tubular epithelial cells edema, basement membrane thickening, and increased collagen fiber in db/db were improved by ELA administration. Compared with db/m mice, the levels of TGF-β1 and Col-Ⅳ expression, as well as YAP phosphorylation were significantly increased in renal tissue of db/db mice(0.98±0.08 vs 0.68±0.10, 1.10±0.14 vs 0.51±0.08, 3.38±0.72 vs 0.81±0.13, all P<0.05), which were down-regulated after ELA administration(0.80±0.06, 0.51±0.05, 2.21±0.22, all P<0.05). Conclusion:ELA may improve the renal injury of db/db mice by regulating the signaling pathway of YAP, thereby delaying the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Here, we presented a method to bacterially express the major structural protein L1 of Human Papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) as soluble form. We found that the purified L1 could self-assemble to virus-like particles (VLPs). Further, we investigated the immunogenicity and the induced level of neutralizing antibody using these VLPs. First, the genome of HPV18 was cloned from a patient in Xiamen. It was used as template for PCR amplification of HPV18 L1 gene. The resultant DNA fragment was inserted into expression vector pTrxFus and expressed in Escherichia coli GI724. Second, L1 protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography; and the purified L1 was subjected to self-assembly to form VLPs with the removal of premixed reductant DTT. Finally, the size and morphology of these VLPs was investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering and Transmission Electronic Microscopy as 29.34 nm in hydrated radius and globular particles similar with native HPV18. The half effective dosage (ED50) and maximum level of neutralizing antibody elicitation were measured by vaccinations on mice, rabbit and goat using pseudovirus neutralization cell model. The results showed that the ED50 of HPV18 VLPs is 0.006 microg in mice, and the maximum titer of neutralizing antibody elicited in rabbit and goat is up to 10(7). As a conclusion, we can provide HPV18 VLPs with highly immunogenicity from prokaryote expression system, which may pave a new way for research and development of prophylactic vaccine for HPV18.
Animals ; Capsid Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Goats ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Mice ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Virion ; genetics ; immunology

Objecgive To investigate the HB awareness,the infection rate of HBV and the immunity status among adults at the communities of Wuxi,and to provide some evidences for vaccination strategy.Methods Two communities were enrolled in the study through cluster sampling method.A household survey was conducted to collect subjects' information through a face-to-face interview and blood samples were collected to detect HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc.Results 3744 subjects were enrolled in this study.The general knowledge coverage rate of hepatitis B was high and 87.30%respondents claimed that hepatitis B was an infectious disease.The percentage of subjects who got more than 5 scores in persons had got hepatitis B vaccination was 60.18%(239/393),and this was significantly higher than in those without vaccine inoculation(x2=17.07,P＜0.01),with the proportion being 49.49%(1071/2164).rnIe percentage of subjects who got more than 5 scores in persons had family history of HBV infection was 60.00%(318/530),and this wag significantly higher than in those without family history (x2=53.05,P＜0.01),with the proportion of 43.00%(1382/3214).The standardized HBV infection rate was 49.88%.There were 1109(29.62%)subjects whose HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and HBcAg were negative.There were 8 subjects(0.21%) whose HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc were positive simultaneously,and there were 133 subjects(3.55%)whose HBsAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc were positive simultaneously.The positive rate of anti-HBc was significantly higher in males than in females( 59.37%and 53.08%,P=0.00).The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and HBcAg were 2.84%,44.05%,0.64%,1.93%,33.44%respectively in 20 year age group,while they were 5.69%,65.85%,0.81%,4.07%,69.44%respectively in 80 year age group.The positive rates of anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and HBcAg increased with age(x2trend=256.16,P＜0.001).Among 3744 objects,530 subjects (accounted for 14.16%)had the family history of hepatitis B.HB immunization coverage rate was 11.77% (393/3339),with the standardized rate being 20.20%.The positive conversion rate of anti-HBs among those had HB vaccine inoculation was 21.12%(83/393).Conclusion The infection rate of HBV was high,whereas the immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine and the level of anti-HBs were low in adults,Thus,to improve the immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine is a key step to decrease the infection rate.

Objecgive To investigate the HB awareness,the infection rate of HBV and the immunity status among adults at the communities of Wuxi,and to provide some evidences for vaccination strategy.Methods Two communities were enrolled in the study through cluster sampling method.A household survey was conducted to collect subjects' information through a face-to-face interview and blood samples were collected to detect HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc.Results 3744 subjects were enrolled in this study.The general knowledge coverage rate of hepatitis B was high and 87.30%respondents claimed that hepatitis B was an infectious disease.The percentage of subjects who got more than 5 scores in persons had got hepatitis B vaccination was 60.18%(239/393),and this was significantly higher than in those without vaccine inoculation(x2=17.07,P＜0.01),with the proportion being 49.49%(1071/2164).rnIe percentage of subjects who got more than 5 scores in persons had family history of HBV infection was 60.00%(318/530),and this wag significantly higher than in those without family history (x2=53.05,P＜0.01),with the proportion of 43.00%(1382/3214).The standardized HBV infection rate was 49.88%.There were 1109(29.62%)subjects whose HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and HBcAg were negative.There were 8 subjects(0.21%) whose HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc were positive simultaneously,and there were 133 subjects(3.55%)whose HBsAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc were positive simultaneously.The positive rate of anti-HBc was significantly higher in males than in females( 59.37%and 53.08%,P=0.00).The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and HBcAg were 2.84%,44.05%,0.64%,1.93%,33.44%respectively in 20 year age group,while they were 5.69%,65.85%,0.81%,4.07%,69.44%respectively in 80 year age group.The positive rates of anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and HBcAg increased with age(x2trend=256.16,P＜0.001).Among 3744 objects,530 subjects (accounted for 14.16%)had the family history of hepatitis B.HB immunization coverage rate was 11.77% (393/3339),with the standardized rate being 20.20%.The positive conversion rate of anti-HBs among those had HB vaccine inoculation was 21.12%(83/393).Conclusion The infection rate of HBV was high,whereas the immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine and the level of anti-HBs were low in adults,Thus,to improve the immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine is a key step to decrease the infection rate.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases of human monkeypox infection in Changning District， Shanghai， and to explore their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. MethodsClinical data from 10 reported cases of monkeypox in individuals residing in Changning District or identified by local medical institutions between July 20 and September 30， 2023， were collected. Epidemiological case investigations were conducted， and throat swabs， anal swabs， and rash swabs were collected by the treating medical institutions. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used for monkeypox virus nucleic acid testing， and descriptive epidemiological analysis was applied to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the cases. ResultsAll 10 confirmed cases of human monkeypox infection were all young males with an average age of 35.4 years， all of whom belonged to the men who have sex with men （MSM） population， with no occupational clustering. The primary clinical symptoms included fever， rash， enlarged inguinal lymph nodes， and muscle soreness. Nine cases presented with a rash， and seven cases experienced fever symptoms. Among the 10 cases， one experienced fever， rash， enlarged lymph nodes， and muscle soreness； two had fever， rash， and enlarged lymph nodes； two had fever， rash， and systemic soreness； two had only a rash； one had fever or rash； and one was asymptomatic. Among the nine cases with a rash， the rash was mainly localized to the genital or anal area， with fewer cases presenting rashes on the limbs or trunk simultaneously. All cases reported a history of non-exclusive MSM behavior within 21 days before the onset of the disease. The interval between the last suspected high-risk exposure and the onset of symptoms was 4 to 10 days， with an average interval of 6.9 days. The time from the onset of fever to the appearance of a rash was 0 to 5 days， with an average of 1.87 days. ConclusionThe main clinical manifestations of human infection with monkeypox are fever， rash， and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. The MSM population is a high-risk group for monkeypox infection， and its source of infection may be associated with MSM exposure. Early-stage symptoms are mild， leading to potential underdiagnosis. Additionally， patients may conceal information during the investigation process， which increases the difficulty of epidemic prevention and control.